CN107252345A - 可变角度锁定植入物 - Google Patents

可变角度锁定植入物 Download PDF

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CN107252345A
CN107252345A CN201710564915.9A CN201710564915A CN107252345A CN 107252345 A CN107252345 A CN 107252345A CN 201710564915 A CN201710564915 A CN 201710564915A CN 107252345 A CN107252345 A CN 107252345A
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CN107252345B (zh
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C.R.巴克
R.斯蒂芬森
D.S.格拉赫
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Smith and Nephew Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8052—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B2017/564—Methods for bone or joint treatment

Abstract

一种可变角度锁定植入物包括骨板，该骨板具有下表面、上表面、以及沿轴线从下表面延伸至上表面的至少一个开口。开口具有沿平面定向的多个鳍状部。该轴线不垂直于下表面横跨开口的投射部的切线，该切线限定在该轴线与投射的下表面之间的交点处，和/或该平面不平行于该切线。该植入物包括至少一个紧固件，并且多个鳍状部可相对于紧固件的头部部分偏转，使得紧固件可以以多个角度中的任一个插入和固持。

Description

可变角度锁定植入物
本申请是申请号为201280039748.1、申请日为2012年06月15日、名称为“可变角度锁定植入物”的专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2011年6月15日提交且名称为“Variable Angle Locking Implant”的美国临时申请序列No. 61/497,180的优先权和全部益处，该申请的全部内容以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及可变角度的锁定植入物。
背景技术
用于修复骨折的可变角度锁定植入物已例如在2009年6月15日提交的、公布为美国专利公开No. 2009/0312803的美国专利申请序列No. 12/484,527中有所描述，该申请全文以引用方式并入本文中。特别地，美国专利公开No. 2009/0312803描述了一种具有带鳍状部的紧固件接纳孔的植入物，该鳍状部允许将紧固件偏轴定位在孔内。
诸如骨板的植入物设有螺纹孔(其可接纳锁紧螺钉或非锁紧螺钉)、无螺纹孔(用于非锁紧螺钉)、允许非锁紧或锁紧螺钉一起使用的部分螺纹狭槽、以及它们的组合。
发明内容
可变角度锁定植入物使用紧固件在骨和骨板之间提供稳定连接，该紧固件允许在骨板和紧固件之间获得不同的角度，同时紧固件也锁定到骨板中。这允许外科医生触及骨的更致密区域或捕获在不规则位置处的任意(random)骨碎片，例如在具有高度碎裂的骨的严重骨折的情况中。紧固件和板系统有利地允许外科医生选择将螺钉插入穿过并且刚性地固定到板的开口中的角度。
可变角度锁定植入物允许外科医生将紧固件朝未必沿板中的开口的轴线定位的骨碎片导向。它还在相对于骨折处放置板的过程中提供了灵活性。允许外科医生选择紧固件插入板中的角度有助于针对待治疗的骨折的具体性质而更好地定制系统，并且允许外科医生在已触及手术部位之后、但在将紧固件插入骨材料中之前根据需要调整其策略。
根据一方面，一种可变角度锁定植入物包括骨板，该骨板具有下表面、上表面、以及沿轴线从下表面延伸至上表面的至少一个开口。开口具有内表面，该内表面带有沿平面定向的多个鳍状部。该轴线不垂直于下表面横跨开口的投射部的切线，该切线限定在该轴线和投射的下表面之间的交点处，和/或该平面不平行于该切线。
该方面的实施可包括下列一个或多个特征。
例如，下表面包括骨适形弓形表面。下表面适于接触股骨远端、股骨近端、胫骨远端、胫骨近端、肱骨近端、肱骨远端、锁骨、腓骨、尺骨、桡骨、桡骨远端、肋骨、骨盆、脊椎、足骨、或手骨、长骨上的骨干(shaft)骨折、或在关节融合板的情况中上述相邻骨中的任一个。
鳍状部定位在开口内。轴线垂直于切线，并且平面不平行于切线。备选地，轴线不垂直于切线，并且平面不平行于切线，例如，平面垂直于轴线。
鳍状部一体地连接到内表面且从内表面突出。开口具有在内表面和鳍状部的顶部之间的半径，并且每个鳍状部在厚度上从内表面朝其末端渐缩。开口具有由在下表面处的突出的鳍状部形成的参差不齐的周边。突出的鳍状部形成内表面的凹面部分。突出的鳍状部具有沿平面与内表面相交的基部。鳍状部具有渐缩的形状或直的形状。鳍状部设置在不止一个层中。鳍状部为梯形的、倒圆的、椭圆的、矩形的、弯曲的、长斜方形的、菱形的、或三角形的。鳍状部的边缘向内、向外渐缩，或者彼此大约平行。存在一体地连接到内表面且从内表面突出的至少3个但不超过10个鳍状部。鳍状部提供为一系列凹入地缩进的、向内突出的鳍状部，其适于将紧固件的带螺纹头部以变化的角度固连到位。
骨板包括下列开口中的一个或多个：带螺纹的开口；不带螺纹的开口；适于接纳锁定或非锁定紧固件的开口；带有鳍状部的开口；临时固定开口；组合狭槽；或它们的任何组合。
该植入物包括至少一个紧固件。紧固件为至少部分地带螺纹的，并且具有头部部分和轴部分，开口适于接纳紧固件，而不被紧固件攻丝。当紧固件被插入开口时，多个鳍状部可相对于紧固件的头部部分偏转，使得紧固件能以相对于开口的多个角度中的任一个插入和固持。鳍状部可偏转，以使得鳍状部夹置在紧固件的螺纹之间。内表面包括位于鳍状部上方或下方的螺纹。
根据另一方面，一种用于将骨板固连到骨的方法包括：将骨板的下表面抵靠骨放置；将紧固件插入骨板中的开口内，开口具有轴线，该轴线不垂直于下表面横跨开口的投射部的切线，切线限定在轴线与投射的下表面之间的交点处；选择紧固件进入骨的轨迹，该轨迹偏离孔轴线最多约15度；以及将紧固件插入骨中。
该方面的实施可包括下列一个或多个特征。
例如，锁紧螺钉或非锁紧螺钉被插入开口中。紧固件被移除并以多个角度中的任一个重新插入骨板的开口中。将紧固件插入骨中包括将骨碎片拉至与未受损的骨段对齐。
本发明的一个或多个实施的细节在附图中和下文的描述中阐述。本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将从描述和附图以及权利要求中显而易见。
附图说明
图1是定位在骨上的可变角度锁定植入物的图示。
图2是沿图1的线2-2截取的可变角度锁定植入物的剖视图。
图3是可变角度锁定植入物的骨板和紧固件的透视图。
图4是具有带鳍状部开口的可变角度锁定植入物的骨板的透视图。
图5A-5E是带鳍状部开口的各种实施的剖视图。
具体实施方式
参看图1和图2，用于修复骨4中的裂缝(fracture)的可变角度锁定植入物2包括骨板40和一个或多个紧固件90。紧固件90示出为接合在带鳍状部的开口50中，开口50在骨板40的上表面44和下部骨接触表面42之间延伸。紧固件90可定位在开口50中且以各种插入角度固定在板40中，以捕获在骨折期间已从骨分裂的“脱离的”或任意的骨碎片并将骨碎片固连到板40。
紧固件90示出了通过相比螺钉90a增加角度范围而实现的新轨迹。例如，紧固件90的中心轴线96从中心轴线52偏离大约15度并且从骨板40的下表面42的垂线偏离大约30度。螺钉90a在具有轴线52的孔中的备选布置示出了从中心轴线52大约15度的偏离和从骨板40的下表面42的垂线对应的大约15度的偏离，从而示出紧固件90的插入角度的更大范围，其中轴线52垂直于板40的下表面42和与底部下表面42平行的平面59。
锁定植入物2还包括临时销开口102以及组合狭槽104。
也参看图3和图4，板40具有内表面54，内表面54限定开口50和一系列凹入地缩进的、向内突出的鳍状部56，鳍状部56朝开口50的中心轴线52延伸。每个鳍状部56具有基部58，并且基部58形成凹面部分60。鳍状部56的基部58全部例如在大致相同的平面59a-59d(图5A-5D)中相遇，且然后以类似的角度或坡度向下且向内成角度。如下文中进一步讨论地，中心轴线52可定向成不垂直于下表面42，和/或平面59a-59d可定向成不平行于下表面42以增加可能的插入角度的范围。
凹面部分60为平滑且无螺纹的，并且如图所示，带鳍状部的开口50的整个内表面54可没有螺纹。不含螺纹有助于方便板40的制造，并且允许将板40制造成如期望地那样薄。基部58可在内表面的上周边62处或附近、在内表面的中间区域处或在内表面的下周边处或附近从内表面54延伸。在鳍状部56在板40的下部、骨接触表面42处邻近下周边定位的情况下，下周边由于鳍状部的存在而看起来参差不齐，而上周边62为平滑的。
当鳍状部56朝中心轴线52延伸时，它们渐缩以形成渐缩的侧面64。鳍状部56终止于倒圆的顶端66处，但顶端66可以是尖的、正方形的、矩形的或任何其它合适的构型。例如，如在全文以引用方式并入本文的美国专利申请公开No. 2009/0312803中所述，鳍状部56可具有直的边缘或侧面和直的端部，使得鳍状部为部分矩形的且在鳍状部之间具有狭缝形开口。备选地，鳍状部可在形状上更像三角形，并且具有向内渐缩的侧面和平坦且小的端部边缘。鳍状部形状的其它示例包括梯形、正方形、圆形、环形、三角形(具有尖的顶端)。
鳍状部56的尺寸通常至少部分地依赖于紧固件90的节距和螺纹。例如，用于较大的紧固件90的较大的板40(例如，用于在股骨上使用)可能会较厚，并且将具有比较小的板40(例如，用于在较小的骨上使用)更大且更厚的鳍状部56。在具体的实施中，鳍状部56特别薄，使得它们可在压力下向上或向下移动并且变形。在一些实施中，鳍状部56可朝带鳍状部的开口50的边缘按压。鳍状部56的厚度的非限制性的示例性范围为从约0.15mm至约5mm，但可以是更大和更小的尺寸。鳍状部56旨在配合在紧固件90的螺纹形状上的螺纹98之间，如在图3中所示。
提供不带螺纹的内表面54还允许紧固件90以任何期望的插入角度插入带鳍状部的开口50中，该插入角度是在紧固件90的纵向轴线96(图2)和带鳍状部的开口50的中心轴线52(图4)之间限定的角度。中心轴线52和纵向轴线96可以是共线的，以使得插入角度为零，或者中心轴线52和纵向轴线96(图1)可以是不共线的，且具有最多约+/-15度的插入角度。改变插入角度是可能的，因为在带鳍状部的开口50中不存在妨碍期望的插入角度的任何螺纹。鳍状部56预期略微弯曲或变形，以便将紧固件90在带鳍状部的开口50中固连到位。鳍状部56接合紧固件90的螺纹98或其它表面。
紧固件90具有头部94和轴92。轴92可以带螺纹或不带螺纹。紧固件90的头部94具有至少一组螺纹98和用于接纳驱动件的内孔18，以便将紧固件90驱动通过板40且进入骨中。螺纹98通常为任何标准类型的螺纹。
参看图5A和图5B，开口50的中心轴线52a、52b可定向成例如以在0度和90度之间的范围内的角度Θ，不垂直于板40的下表面42。在图5A中，示出了均位于平面59a中的两行鳍状部56，平面59a平行于板40的下表面42。在图5B中，鳍状部56位于平面59b中，平面59b定向成不平行于板40的下表面42，例如平面59b垂直于或几乎垂直于轴线52b。在图5C中，示出了位于平面59c中的鳍状部56，平面59c定向成不平行于板40的下表面42，并且平面59c不垂直于轴线52c。图5B和图5C的鳍状部56定位在开口50内，即，在板40的上表面44和下表面42之间。
相比具有垂直于下表面42的中心轴线52和平行于下表面42的平面59的骨板40，中心轴线52a、52b、52d的不垂直定向和/或平面59b-d的不平行定向增加了可能的插入角度的有效范围。例如，参看图5B，假设θ为15度，紧固件90可在紧固件轴线96与轴线52b对齐并且因此从下表面42的垂线偏离15度的情况下插入，或者紧固件轴线96可倾斜最多例如+/-15度，使得紧固件轴线96垂直于下表面42，或者从垂线偏离最多30度以到达骨碎片。增加角度范围允许外科医生靶向在骨中的新的紧固件轨迹，如在图2中所示。
螺钉90(图2)示出了通过相比螺钉90a增加角度范围而实现的新轨迹。紧固件90示出为定位在图5B的孔中且从中心轴线52偏离15度并从骨板40的下表面42的垂线偏离30度。螺钉90a在具有轴线52的孔中的备选布置示出了从中心轴线52的15度偏离和从骨板40的下表面42的垂线仅仅对应的15度偏离，从而示出紧固件90的插入角度的更大范围，其中轴线52垂直于板40的下表面42和与下表面42平行的平面59。使螺钉相对于开口(其具有垂直于板40的下表面42和与下表面42平行的平面59的轴线52)的中心轴线52成大于15度的角度产生不一致的失效载荷。因此，为了实现相对于板40的下表面42大于15度的螺钉轨迹，同时保持捕获和固连骨碎片的能力，中心轴线52的角度从下表面42的垂线偏离并且螺钉轴线96倾斜以达到30度偏离的最大值。
参看图5D，通过将开口50的轴线52d定向成垂直于板40的下表面42，同时鳍状部56位于不平行于下表面(例如成在0度和90度之间的范围内的角度α)的平面59d中，也可增加插入角度的范围。
带鳍状部的开口50可包括约五个至八个鳍状部56(如图所示)、两个或三个鳍状部56、或十个或二十个或以上的鳍状部56，具体取决于带鳍状部的开口50旨在用于的板40。带鳍状部的孔可可选地包括在孔的内表面中形成于鳍状部的上方或下方的螺纹112(图5B)。鳍状部上方的开口的区域可例如以约5度至15度的角度从板的上表面向内渐缩，并且鳍状部下方的开口的区域可例如以约40度至50度的角度朝板的下表面向外渐缩。带鳍状部的开口50可以可选地为狭槽孔或组合孔，其中开口的长度的一半或以上可具有鳍状部，其中开口的剩余部分不带螺纹以用于滑动压缩。
鳍状部56的主要目的是夹持紧固件90的一个或多个螺纹98，以便将紧固件90以任何期望的插入角度在骨板40中固连到位。接纳在不同的带鳍状部开口50中的紧固件90可以以相同或不同的插入角度插入。当紧固件90被插入时，其螺纹98开始接合鳍状部56，如图3所示。如上文所讨论的，鳍状部56可以是非常薄的，以使得当螺纹98开始抓取鳍状部56时，鳍状部56可适当地向上或向下移动以接合螺纹98并将紧固件90固连在带鳍状部的开口50中。螺纹98接合鳍状部56，以使得鳍状部56配合在螺纹98之间。鳍状部56的移动可以是永久变形，以使得鳍状部56不能往回挠曲且允许紧固件90挤出去。
带鳍状部的开口50可设置在所有类型的骨板40上并可与其它类型的开口结合。如在图1中所示，可存在带鳍状部的开口50、带螺纹的开口30和临时销开口102。其它选项为可与带螺纹或不带螺纹的紧固件一起使用的孔、以及组合狭槽104。例如，狭槽具有安装在狭槽的任一端或两端上的鳍状部以用于静态锁定，并且在狭槽的中部没有用于动态锁定的螺纹或鳍状部。这些各种类型的开口可在任何类型的骨板上、以任何组合和以任何尺寸使用。在骨板40中包括多个带鳍状部的开口50可帮助实现例如碎骨(其中许多碎片在各个方向上粉碎)的更好固定，因为紧固件90可以以各种角度插入，以捕获在骨折期间已从骨分裂的“脱离的”或任意的骨碎片，但仍将骨碎片固连到板40。
紧固件90上的螺纹98可以是任何类型的标准或非标准螺纹。例如，螺纹98可以是连续的脊或不连续的脊。螺纹98可形成一圈(revolution)的一部分、一整圈、多圈、单导程、或多导程、或本领域中已知的任何其它螺纹。附加地或备选地，紧固件90的头部94可包括任何其它表面，该表面将与带鳍状部的开口50的鳍状部56接合并位于鳍状部56内。例如，头部94可具有一系列凹坑、脊、隆起、纹理化区域、或可固连紧固件90的任何其它表面。
紧固件90可以是由任何合适材料制成的任何典型的紧固件。紧固件90通常具有用于接纳驱动件的内孔18，以便将紧固件90驱动通过板40且进入骨中。内孔18可以是任何尺寸和形状，例如，它可具有用于接纳对应的六边形驱动件的六边形构型、十字槽螺钉头、平头、星形构型、梅花槽(Torx)、或可与驱动件配合以将紧固件90驱入板40中的任何其它合适的构型。
轴92可以是完全带螺纹的、部分带螺纹的、或螺旋形刀片，和/或可包括一个或多个平头钉、可部署的爪、可膨胀的元件、或允许轴92接合骨的任何特征。轴92还可以是不带螺纹的，从而使紧固件90采取栓或销的形式。在其中例如主要目的是防止骨段倾斜的某些手术中，或者在不担心紧固件90从骨中牵拉出且因此不需要轴92带螺纹或以其它方式构造成接合骨的手术中，该备选实施可以是优选的。轴92的端部可以是自攻的或自钻孔的顶端。
骨板40可适于接触下列中的一个或多个：股骨远端、股骨近端、胫骨远端、胫骨近端、肱骨近端、肱骨远端、锁骨、腓骨、尺骨、桡骨、桡骨远端、肋骨、骨盆、脊椎、足骨、或手骨、长骨上的骨干骨折、或在关节融合板的情况中上述相邻骨中的任一个。骨板40可以是弯曲的、成轮廓的、直的或平坦的。下部骨接触表面42可具有适形于骨的弓形形状。例如，参看图5E，骨板40示出为具有骨接触表面42，该表面具有弓形或弯曲的形状。在所示实施中，开口50的中心轴线52可定向成例如以在0度和90度之间的范围内的角度Θ不垂直于投射(projected)的弓形骨接触表面42的切线或切平面T-T，切线或切平面T-T沿着投射的骨接触表面42与中心轴线52在点P处相交。在图5E中，一行鳍状部56示出为各自位于平面59e中，平面59e定向成不平行于切线或平面T-T。鳍状部56可备选地位于下表面42处并且也具有适形于骨的弓形形状。板可以是关节周围板(periarticular)或直板。板可具有头部部分，该头部部分定轮廓为适形于诸如干骺端或骨干的特定骨表面，其从轴部分张开(flare out)，与轴部分形成L形、T形、Y-形状、或者形成任何其它合适的形状以配合待治疗的骨。
骨板40可由金属、吸收性或非吸收性塑料、陶瓷或复合材料制成。合适的材料可包括例如钛、不锈钢、钴铬合金、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)、吸收性聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、此类材料或任何其它合适的材料的组合或合金，该合适的材料具有足够的强度以固连到和保持骨，同时也具有足够的生物相容性以植入体内。
现在转到实施的方法，外科医生触及所关注的手术部位，该部位可以是骨裂缝所处的需要稳定以确保正确愈合的内部部位。裂缝可以用常规的镊子和导向器(其为本领域技术人员已知的)缩小，并且将具有合适的尺寸和形状的骨板40置于裂缝部位上方。在一些情况下，骨板40可使用临时固定销临时固连到骨4。临时固定销可穿过临时销开口102或板40中的任何其它开口使用。临时固定有助于在穿过骨板40放置固定螺钉之前将骨板40临时固连到骨4，从而在放置用于将骨板40永久固定到骨4的骨螺钉之前可确信骨板40正确地定位。此外，通过临时固定，可在视野内没有多余器械的情况下，拍摄骨板/构造的X光照片。
一旦将板40相对于裂缝固连在期望位置处(通常使用一个或多个临时固定销，但可使用任何其它合适的方法)，外科医生就接着确定将把紧固件90插入穿过所选开口50并驱入骨材料4中的插入角度。如果骨板40包括不止一个开口50，则外科医生还选择要使用的具体开口50。在选择了期望的插入角度和开口50之后，外科医生将紧固件90的轴92插入穿过开口50，直到顶端接触骨材料4为止。在一些情况下，可需要沿着插入角度在骨4中钻出或攻出孔，以方便紧固件90的初始攻入或插入。外科医生接着在头部94的内孔18中使用合适的驱动工具，以将紧固件90操纵到位。
因为紧固件90能以离板的下表面的垂线最多约60度的角度插入，所以紧固件90可用来抓取和/或固连与锁紧螺钉通常将插入的常规角度不共线的骨碎片。外科医生可需要摇动(toggle)或操纵紧固件90，以便固连和拉住偏置的骨碎片。
一旦骨碎片被固连，紧固件90就可固连到板40。随着紧固件90被进一步驱入骨4中，骨4也被进一步拉向板40。当紧固件头部94的螺纹98开始接触鳍状部56时，鳍状部56接合在螺纹98内以将紧固件90以期望的插入角度保持到位。在鳍状部56和螺纹98之间接合的动作将紧固件90以期望的插入角度刚性地固定到骨板40。
外科医生可接着在板40上的其它开口中使用传统的锁紧和/或非锁紧螺钉。这可帮助将骨板40进一步固连到骨裂缝，如果需要的话。
一旦所有紧固件和/或螺钉均已就位，外科医生可将覆盖件置于未使用的开口上，特别是在存在横跨裂缝的任何未使用的开口时，以加强板40。附加地或备选地，外科医生可使用骨移植材料、骨粘固剂、骨腔填充物、以及任何其它材料以帮助骨愈合。
在实践中，首先将第一螺钉插入穿过骨板40并进入在裂缝一侧上的骨4，且然后将第二螺钉在裂缝的相对侧上插入穿过骨板40。特别地，在第一螺钉就位之后，将轴向压紧螺钉在与第一螺钉的侧相对的裂缝的侧上插入穿过骨板40中的孔。压紧螺钉可被插入穿过该孔并进入骨4中，使得当压紧螺钉被完全插入时，骨板40被拉至期望的位置。通过移动骨板40，组织被牵拉在一起以减小裂缝。一旦压紧螺钉已用来将骨板40移入到期望的位置，就可从骨4和骨板40移除压紧螺钉，并且可将锁紧螺钉插入穿过骨板40中的开口50和在此前由压紧螺钉占据的空间中的骨4中。锁紧螺钉可接着被拧紧以将板40锁定到位。用锁紧螺钉代替压紧螺钉不是必需的，但相比将压紧螺钉留在原位，锁紧螺钉可提供更大的稳定性和刚性固定。在一些操作模式中，锁紧螺钉被直接放入锁定孔中，而不需要首先将压紧螺钉插入孔中。
已经描述了本发明的多个实施。然而，应当理解，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可进行各种修改。因此，其它实施在所附权利要求的范围内。例如，可使用锁紧螺钉、非锁紧螺钉或其它紧固件。具有中心轴线52的不垂直定向和/或平面59的不平行定向的一个或多个开口可用来将紧固件接纳在除板之外的植入物中，诸如在髋臼杯或关节窝基体部件，以增加紧固件的可能的插入角度的有效范围。根据另一个实施，螺钉94的头部可包括鳍状部56，并且开口50可以是带螺纹的，其中开口具有其中心轴线52的不垂直定向和/或由鳍状部56限定的平面59具有不平行定向。

Claims (20)

1.一种可变角度锁定植入物，包括：
骨板，其具有
下表面；
上表面；以及
至少一个开口，其沿轴线从所述下表面延伸至所述上表面，所述开口具有内表面，所述内表面具有沿平面定向的多个鳍状部，其中，所述轴线不垂直于下表面横跨所述开口的投射部的切线，所述切线限定在所述轴线和所述投射的下表面之间的交点处，和/或所述平面不平行于所述切线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述下表面包括骨适形弓形表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述轴线垂直于所述切线，并且所述平面不平行于所述切线。
4.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述轴线不垂直于所述切线，并且所述平面不平行于所述切线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述轴线不垂直于所述切线，并且所述平面垂直于所述轴线。
6.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述鳍状部一体地连接到所述内表面且从所述内表面突出。
7.根据权利要求6所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述开口具有在所述内表面和所述鳍状部的顶部表面之间的半径，并且每个鳍状部在厚度上从所述内表面朝其末端渐缩。
8.根据权利要求6所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述开口进一步通过由在所述下表面处突出的鳍状部形成的参差不齐的周边限定。
9.根据权利要求6所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述突出的鳍状部具有沿所述平面与所述内表面相交的基部。
10.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述鳍状部设置在不止一个层中。
11.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，还包括至少一个紧固件，所述紧固件至少部分地带螺纹并且具有头部部分和轴部分，其中，所述开口适于接纳所述紧固件，而不被所述紧固件攻丝，其中，当所述紧固件插入所述开口时，所述多个鳍状部可相对于所述紧固件的头部部分偏转，使得所述紧固件能以相对于所述开口的多个角度中的任一个插入和固持。
12.根据权利要求11所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述鳍状部可偏转，以使得所述鳍状部夹置在所述紧固件的螺纹之间。
13.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述内表面包括位于所述鳍状部上方或下方的螺纹。
14.一种用于将骨板固连到骨的方法，包括：
抵靠所述骨放置所述骨板的下表面；
将紧固件插入所述骨板中的开口内，所述开口具有轴线，所述轴线不垂直于下表面横跨所述开口的投射部的切线，所述切线限定在所述轴线和所述投射的下表面之间的交点处；
选择所述紧固件进入所述骨的轨迹，所述轨迹偏离所述孔轴线最多约15度；以及
将所述紧固件插入所述骨中。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述紧固件插入所述骨中包括将骨碎片拉至与未受损的骨段对齐。
16.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，至少一个开口具有不垂直于所述切线的轴线，并且至少一个开口具有垂直于所述切线的轴线。
17.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，至少一个开口具有不垂直于所述切线的轴线，并且至少一个开口为带螺纹的。
18.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，至少一个开口具有不垂直于所述切线的轴线，并且至少一个开口为不带螺纹的。
19.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，至少一个开口具有垂直于所述切线的轴线，并且至少一个开口为带螺纹的。
20.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，至少一个开口具有垂直于所述切线的轴线，并且至少一个开口为不带螺纹的。
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