CN107251995A - A kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute and preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a ruminant livestock protein feed substitute, which comprises 30-80 parts of non-protein nitrogen substances, 15-70 parts of puffed starch, 5-15 parts of inorganic salt, and 0.005-10 parts of urease inhibitor in parts by weight. 2~10 servings of edible sugar. The preparation method is as follows: 1) preparing puffed starch; 2) mixing and pulverizing puffed starch and non-protein nitrogen material particles, then adding inorganic salt and urease inhibitor, mixing and stirring evenly to prepare mixed raw materials; 3) adding edible sugar, and Add an appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and prepare granules; 4) Dry at low temperature, knead and sieve to obtain the final product. When feeding, add 2‑5% to the feed by mass percentage, reduce protein feed such as soybean meal by 6‑17.5% accordingly, and feed ruminant livestock for 0.5‑1 hour before giving normal drinking water. The product of the invention can be directly added to the feed of ruminant livestock for consumption, can replace protein feed, save protein resources, reduce feed cost, effectively avoid the production of toxic and harmful substances, and improve economic benefits.

Description

A protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

Since the end of the nineteenth century, it was discovered that rumen microorganisms of ruminants can use simple non-protein nitrogenous (NPN) substances to synthesize protein and feed ruminants, which can save a lot of protein feed. For this reason, how to use urea to feed Cattle and sheep have carried out extensive and in-depth research and discussions, and have made great progress and achievements. At present, in the world, urea is the main object of development and utilization as non-protein nitrogen feed resource for ruminants. Taking the United States as an example, among the 1 million tons of NPN compounds used as feed resources, more than 80% are urea. Urea has a very high protein equivalent, and the theoretical protein equivalent of its pure product is as high as 292%.

my country is a country with a very serious shortage of protein feed. According to data, in 2015, the total consumption of protein feed in my country was 67.5 million tons, and the dependence on imports exceeded 80%, which was 10 percentage points higher than that in 2010. Among them, soybean meal is 50.5 million tons, basically relying on imported soybeans, rapeseed meal is 10.6 million tons, 30% of which is imported rapeseed, and fish meal is 1.5 million tons, 85% of which is imported. In the next 5-10 years, my country's demand for protein feed raw materials is expected to grow by an average of 1-1.25 million tons per year. Therefore, the pattern of relying on imports of protein feed raw materials will not change. Therefore, while vigorously developing ruminant livestock such as cattle and sheep, it is of great practical significance to fully and rationally use non-protein nitrogen feed additives to save protein feed and minimize the dependence on imports of protein feed raw materials.

Urea is a non-protein nitrogen feed that is widely used in ruminant livestock feed. However, most of the existing urea utilization is to directly add urea to the premixed feed to feed cattle and sheep. Because urea decomposes too fast in the rumen (more than 4 times the speed of microbial utilization), most of the fermentation products are not used by rumen microorganisms to synthesize bacterial protein, but are directly absorbed and metabolized by the rumen wall and excreted, making the utilization of urea The rate is reduced and there is a risk of poisoning. Therefore, the use of urea to feed cattle and sheep to save protein feed is limited to a certain extent, and it has not been widely applied so far.

At present, the methods of feeding cattle and sheep with non-protein nitrogen in my country can be divided into three types in terms of usage forms:

One is to directly add non-protein nitrogen into the orange stalk feed to ammonify various orange stalks, so as to increase the nitrogen content of the feed while improving the digestibility of the roughage. This method has been widely used in my country in the past. The nitrogen source used is mainly urea, but also liquid ammonia, ammonia water, ammonium sulfate, etc. The key to ammoniation is to require appropriate moisture content, and the seal cannot be breathable. However, it must be poisoned before feeding, which is large in size, inconvenient for storage and transportation, and has a large loss during ammoniation, so this method is rarely used now.

The second is to make urea lick blocks for free licking by ruminant livestock. At present, domestic urea licks are usually produced by low-pressure mechanical molding. In order to avoid poisoning caused by excessive licking of cattle and sheep, a certain amount of ground orange stalks or rice husks are added to reduce the amount of licking. In addition, it should generally avoid rain or softening when placed, otherwise the cattle and sheep will lick too much. The biggest disadvantage of this product is that it cannot be added to the full-price mixed feed for ruminant livestock or supplementary concentrate feed, and its popularization and use is subject to certain restrictions.

The third is to make various urea slow-release derivatives. Urea is a non-protein nitrogen feed that is widely used in ruminant feeding. When urea is directly added to the feed to feed cattle and sheep, because urea decomposes too quickly in the rumen (more than 4 times the speed of microbial utilization), most of the Most of the fermentation products are not used by rumen microorganisms to synthesize bacterial protein, but are directly absorbed and metabolized by the rumen wall and excreted from the body, which reduces the utilization rate of urea and poses a risk of poisoning. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of slow-release degradation of urea in the rumen, various slow-release urea feeds are usually produced by high temperature and high pressure methods, and various derivative or compound urea products are produced to achieve this purpose. For example, urea and corn starch, tapioca starch, potato starch, etc. are heated and pressurized to produce gelatinized starch urea; another example is to heat urea to 130-150°C and add sodium humate to produce humic acid urea; etc. Wait. The main disadvantage of this kind of product produced by this method is: because urea is unstable to heat, when urea is heated and melted (132.7°C), condensation reaction will occur, producing harmful and poisonous biuret, triuret, cyanuric acid, etc. by-products. In recent years, it has been found that biuret and other residues are often found in milk used to feed lactating cows and sheep, so such products are not suitable for use in dairy animal feed.

In summary, the main problems in the prior art are:

First, add urea directly to the premixed feed to feed cattle and sheep. Because urea decomposes too fast in the rumen (more than 4 times the speed of microbial utilization), most of the fermentation products are not used by rumen microorganisms to synthesize bacterial protein, but are directly absorbed and metabolized by the rumen wall and excreted, making the utilization of urea The rate is reduced and there is a risk of poisoning.

Second, directly add non-protein nitrogen such as urea in the orange stalk feed, the key to ammoniating various orange stalks is to require suitable moisture content, and the seal cannot be ventilated. However, it must be poisoned before feeding, which is large in size, inconvenient for storage and transportation, and has a large loss during ammoniation, so this method is rarely used now.

Third, urea is made into urea lick blocks, which can only be freely licked by ruminant livestock. The biggest disadvantage of this product is that it cannot be added to the full-price mixed feed or concentrate supplement for ruminant livestock, and cannot be used to prepare full-price mixed feed and concentrate supplement for ruminant livestock, and its popularization and use is subject to certain restrictions.

Fourth, heat treatment of urea with grain starch, potato starch, sodium humate, etc. to produce compound slow-release urea feed products such as gelatinized starch urea. The main disadvantage of the product produced by this method is: because urea is unstable to heat, when urea is heated and melted (132.7°C), condensation reaction will occur, and harmful and toxic by-products such as biuret, triuret, and cyanuric acid will be produced. . In recent years, it has been found that biuret and other residues are often found in milk used to feed lactating cows and sheep, so such products are not suitable for use in dairy animal feed.

Fifth, due to technical defects of some urea slow-release products, urea is still decomposed too quickly in the rumen, the slow-release effect is not ideal, and some even cause urea poisoning.

Sixth, the production cost is high, and it is not easy to popularize and apply.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock that saves protein resources, reduces feed cost, and does not have any toxic and harmful substances remaining.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a specific preparation method of the ruminant livestock protein feed substitute.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a specific application of the ruminant livestock protein feed substitute in ruminant livestock feed.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock, comprising, in parts by weight, 30-80 parts of non-protein nitrogen substances, 15-70 parts of expanded starch, 5-15 parts of inorganic salts, and a urease inhibitor 0.005-10 servings, 2-10 servings of edible sugar.

The principle process of ruminants utilizing non-protein nitrogen in this technical solution is as follows:

Based on the above principles, the core technology for the absorption and conversion of non-protein nitrogen substances by ruminant livestock lies in the slow release rate of non-protein nitrogen substances in the rumen. The problem of urea poisoning occurred.

This technical solution uses expanded starch with strong adsorption capacity, so that it can be used as a binder to wrap non-protein nitrogen substances, which can reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen by 20.7%, increase the microbial protein production in the rumen by 48.9%, and starch gelatinization The post-degradation energy supply speed is accelerated, which is beneficial to the rumen microorganisms of ruminant livestock to make full use of non-protein nitrogen substances to synthesize bacterial protein for the body to use. In addition, a urease inhibitor is also added. The urease inhibitor has a similar chemical structure to the non-protein nitrogen substance, and can compete with the non-protein nitrogen substance for urease to produce a competitive inhibitory effect on the decomposition of the non-protein nitrogen substance, thereby making the non-protein nitrogen substance The ammonia in the rumen can be slowly released in the rumen, which is beneficial to the rumen microorganisms of ruminant livestock to make full use of ammonia to synthesize bacterial protein for use by the body.

In order to better realize the present invention, further, in parts by weight, it includes 50 parts of non-protein nitrogen substances, 25.98 parts of expanded starch, 6.5 parts of inorganic salts, 0.02 parts of urease inhibitor, and 5 parts of molasses.

In order to better realize the present invention, further, the non-protein nitrogen substance is urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, isobutylidene diurea, urea phosphate at least one of

The expanded starch is at least one of expanded corn starch, expanded corn starch, and expanded potato starch;

The inorganic salt is at least one of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, cobalt sulfate;

The urease inhibitor is acetohydroxamic acid, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, At least one of magnesium oxide, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate;

The edible sugar is molasses or sucrose.

In order to better realize the present invention, further, the non-protein nitrogen substance is urea, the expanded starch is expanded corn flour, the inorganic salt is sodium sulfate, the urease inhibitor is acetohydroxamic acid, and the edible sugar is molasses. There are 27% amylose and 73% amylopectin in corn starch. Amylose is not a straight chain in an extended state, but curled into a helical shape due to the action of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which is conducive to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Amylopectin has a highly branched structure consisting of many short chains. After puffing at a high temperature of 120-170°C, at this moment, because the corn is suddenly lowered to normal temperature and pressure, a huge amount of energy is suddenly released, and the water in a superheated state is vaporized and evaporated, and its volume can expand about 2000 times. The huge expansion pressure can crack and degrade the starch granules, almost all of them are dextrinized, and the gelatinization rate can reach more than 95%. After corn starch is expanded, it forms a stable porous structure with strong adsorption capacity, which can be used as a urea adsorption binder for the production of slow-release composite expanded starch urea. The second is that the expanded corn starch and urea are used to pulverize and mix evenly, so that the expanded corn starch can coat the urea. At the same time, the broken sugar group in the expanded starch reacts with the amino group of urea to form an expanded cornstarch-urea complex to slow down the release of ammonia from urea, which can reduce the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen by 20.7%, and the microbial protein production in the rumen Increased by 48.9%, and the degradation speed of starch gelatinization is accelerated, which is beneficial to the rumen microorganisms of ruminant livestock to make full use of urea to synthesize bacterial protein for the body to use.

In order to better realize the present invention, further, in parts by weight, 0.5 to 25 parts of organic acids or organic acid salts are further included, and the organic acids or organic acid salts are sodium humate, humic acid, At least one of sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sorbic acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, citric acid, sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and fumaric acid.

In order to better realize the present invention, further, the organic acid or organic acid salt is sodium humate, and its weight part is 12.5 parts. Sodium humate is a macromolecular organic weak acid sodium salt with multiple functions, which is made of weathered coal, peat and lignite as raw materials through special processing. Its structure is relatively complex. It can also be associated into larger particles, so it has colloidal characteristics and adsorption capacity, forming a good ion exchange and catalytic effect. Sodium humate can be organically combined with non-protein nitrogen to form a stable chemical bond, thereby reducing the release rate of nitrogen in non-protein nitrogen. In addition, sodium humate also has a reversible inhibitory effect on urease activity, which makes the ammonia in the non-protein nitrogen substance released further slowly, which is more conducive to the use of rumen microorganisms to synthesize bacterial protein, prevent poisoning, and increase non-protein nitrogen. utilization rate.

The above-mentioned preparation method of a ruminant livestock protein feed substitute comprises the following steps:

(1) Prepare expanded starch with a water content of not more than 10%, a bulk density of 230-275g/L, and a gelatinization rate of not less than 95%;

(2) Mixing and pulverizing the prepared expanded starch with non-protein nitrogen substance particles in proportion, then adding inorganic salt and urease inhibitor in proportion, mixing and stirring evenly to obtain a mixed raw material;

(3) Add edible sugar to the prepared mixed raw material in a certain proportion, and add an appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and prepare it into granules;

(4) The prepared granules are dried at low temperature, cooled to room temperature, kneaded, and passed through a 20-30 mesh sieve to obtain a final product with a water content not higher than 10%.

The preparation method of the ruminant livestock protein feed substitute is prepared by crushing, mixing, granulating and drying at room temperature together with expanded starch with strong adsorption capacity, urea and non-protein nitrogen substances, which can avoid non-protein nitrogen substances The heat is unstable and produces toxic and harmful substances, thereby eliminating the problem of toxic and harmful substances remaining in the feed.

In order to better prepare ruminant livestock protein feed substitutes, further, in the step (1), the expanded starch is expanded corn flour. Select and sieve to remove impurities such as metals, and then pass through a pulverizer for coarse crushing. Under the conditions of high temperature (120-170°C) and high pressure (15-19.5Mpa), it acts for 5-10s, and undergoes mechanical shearing, friction, kneading and pressure. Poor comprehensive effect Extruding and puffing the material, cooling for 1-2 hours after the material is discharged.

The above-mentioned ruminant livestock protein feed substitutes are used as ruminant livestock protein feed, and the specific application method is: add 2-5% by mass percentage to full-price mixed feed or concentrate supplementary feed to feed ruminant livestock, and at the same time reduce protein such as soybean meal Feed 6-17.5%, feed ruminant livestock 0.5-1 hour before giving normal drinking water. The ruminant livestock protein feed substitute can be directly used as protein feed and mixed into common family feed for ruminant livestock to eat, and cannot drink water at the same time during use to avoid poisoning.

In order to better apply the present invention, further, based on the dry matter of the diet, the crude protein content in the complete mixed feed or concentrate supplement is not more than 10-12%.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention uses expanded starch with strong adsorption capacity and urea together with non-protein nitrogen substances to grind, mix and granulate and dry at low temperature under normal temperature conditions; harmful materials;

(2) The present invention uses expanded starch with strong adsorption capacity, so that it can be used as a binder to wrap non-protein nitrogen substances, so that the ammonia in the non-protein nitrogen substances can be slowly released in the rumen, which is beneficial to rumen microorganisms of ruminants Make full use of ammonia to synthesize bacterial protein for the body to use;

(3) The present invention is also added with a urease inhibitor, which can compete with non-protein nitrogen substances for urease, and produce a competitive inhibitory effect on the decomposition of non-protein nitrogen substances, further reducing the release rate of ammonia in the rumen, which is beneficial to rumen microorganisms in ruminants Make full use of ammonia to synthesize bacterial protein for the body to use;

(4) The preparation method of the product of the present invention is relatively simple, has better stability, is more convenient to transport, and is easy to popularize and apply;

(5) The product of the present invention can be directly added to the feed of ruminants for feeding, can replace the protein feed of ruminants, save protein resources, reduce feed costs, and improve economic benefits, which has very important practical significance.

detailed description

In order to make the purpose of the present invention, process conditions and advantages clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail in conjunction with the following examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Various replacements and changes made by ordinary technical knowledge and conventional means in the field should be included in the scope of the present invention. The specific implementation examples described here are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1:

This embodiment provides a protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock, including 50 parts by weight of urea, 25.98 parts of expanded cornstarch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulfate, 0.02 parts of acetohydroxamic acid and 5 parts of molasses.

The specific preparation method of the ruminant livestock protein feed substitute comprises the following steps:

(1) The raw corn granules are subjected to preliminary fan, cleaning, magnetic separation and screen to remove impurities such as metal, and then coarsely pulverized by a pulverizer, under high temperature (120-170°C) and high pressure (15-19.5Mpa) Act for 5-10s, extrude and extrude the material through the comprehensive action of mechanical shearing, friction, kneading and pressure difference, and cool for 1-2 hours after the material is discharged. The water content of the prepared expanded corn starch is not more than 10%, and the bulk density is 230～275g/L, the gelatinization rate is not less than 95%;

(2) Mix and pulverize the prepared expanded cornstarch with urea granules in proportion, then add sodium sulfate and acetohydroxamic acid in proportion, mix and stir evenly to obtain a mixed raw material;

(3) adding molasses to the prepared mixed raw material in a certain proportion, and adding an appropriate amount of clear water, stirring evenly, and preparing it into granules;

(4) The prepared granules are dried at low temperature, cooled to room temperature, kneaded, and passed through a 20-30 mesh sieve to obtain a final product with a water content not higher than 10%.

When feeding ruminant livestock, add 2-5% by mass percentage to full-price mixed feed or concentrate supplement to feed ruminant livestock, and correspondingly reduce protein feed such as soybean meal by 6-17.5%, and feed ruminant livestock with 0.5% -After 1 hour, normal drinking water can be given.

Among them, based on the dry matter of the diet, the effect of using the full-price mixed feed or concentrate supplement with a crude protein content of not more than 10-12% is the most significant.

Example 2:

This example provides another component formula of ruminant livestock protein feed substitute on the basis of the above examples, including 50 parts by weight of urea, 25.98 parts of expanded cornstarch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulfate, acetohydroxime 0.02 parts of acid, 12.5 parts of sodium humate, and 5 parts of molasses.

The specific preparation method of the ruminant livestock protein feed substitute comprises the following steps:

(1) The raw corn granules are subjected to preliminary fan, cleaning, magnetic separation and screen to remove impurities such as metal, and then coarsely pulverized by a pulverizer, under high temperature (120-170°C) and high pressure (15-19.5Mpa) Act for 5-10s, extrude and extrude the material through the comprehensive action of mechanical shearing, friction, kneading and pressure difference, and cool for 1-2 hours after the material is discharged. The water content of the prepared expanded corn starch is not more than 10%, and the bulk density is 230～275g/L, the gelatinization rate is not less than 95%;

(2) Mix and pulverize the prepared expanded cornstarch with urea granules in proportion, then add sodium sulfate, acetohydroxamic acid and sodium humate in proportion, mix and stir evenly, to obtain a mixed raw material;

(3) adding molasses to the prepared mixed raw material in a certain proportion, and adding an appropriate amount of clear water, stirring evenly, and preparing it into granules;

(4) The prepared granules are dried at low temperature, cooled to room temperature, kneaded, and passed through a 20-30 mesh sieve to obtain a final product with a water content not higher than 10%.

Its feeding process is the same as the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not repeat them here.

Sodium humate and urea can be organically combined to form a stable chemical bond, thereby reducing the release rate of urea nitrogen. In addition, sodium humate has a reversible inhibitory effect on urease activity, which can make urea release slowly and evenly in the rumen, which is more conducive to the synthesis of bacterial protein by rumen microorganisms, prevent urea poisoning, and improve the utilization rate of urea. Therefore, in this example, sodium humate is added to the component formula of the ruminant livestock protein feed substitute.

Example 3:

On the basis of the above examples, this embodiment provides a formula of other components, including 50 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 21 parts of expanded potato starch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulfate, 5 parts of fumaric acid, and 12.5 parts of sodium humate in parts by weight. parts, 5 parts of sucrose.

Its preparation process and feeding process are the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

Example 4:

On the basis of the above examples, this embodiment provides a formula of other components, including 50 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 21 parts of puffed corn starch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulfate, 5 parts of sodium phosphate, and sodium humate in parts by weight. 12.5 parts, 5 parts of sucrose.

With above-mentioned 4 embodiments as experimental group, do following experimental analysis respectively:

1. Safety comparison test:

(1) Comparative test of slow-release strength of starch micelles

The main slow-release principle of the existing corn urea type is to achieve the slow-release effect on urea through the process of gradually dissolving the gel aggregate formed after corn flour (mainly starch) is wrapped with urea in the rumen. Because we can't directly observe this phenomenon in the rumen, the process test of the phenomenon of encapsulation and dissolution of different corn urea particles is carried out by simulating the rumen environmental conditions in vitro. As shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Data table of the slow-release strength comparison test of starch micellar particles

The test shows that: each component can play a slow-release effect, and the slow-release effect of urea is the best, and the slow-release effect of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 is the best, both of which can reduce the release efficiency of nitrogen by more than 80%. The release has obvious synergistic effect. Among them, the slow-release effect of experimental group 2 is particularly prominent, mainly because sodium humate and urea can be organically combined to form a stable chemical bond, thereby reducing the release rate of urea nitrogen. In addition, sodium humate has a reversible inhibitory effect on urease activity, which can make urea release slowly and evenly in the rumen, which is more conducive to the synthesis of bacterial protein by rumen microorganisms, prevent urea poisoning, and improve the utilization rate of urea.

(2) In the existing process of using urea as a substitute for protein feed, urea must be heated and melted at a high temperature above 132.7°C. During the heating process, urea will inevitably produce harmful and toxic substances such as biuret. Such harmful and toxic substances have certain damage to ruminant livestock. Moreover, biuret was originally used as a feed additive variety, which has been deleted from the "Feed Additive Variety Catalog (2013)" published by the Ministry of Agriculture on December 30, 2013.

In order to test the content of biuret produced, the following experiment is specially done:

Control group: put 100g of urea in a beaker, add water at room temperature until the urea is completely dissolved, and then test its biuret content;

Experimental group 1: Put 100g of urea in a beaker, heat it to 130-150°C, wait for the urea to dissolve completely, stop stirring for 15-30 minutes, dry it naturally within about 2 hours, grind it into 40-mesh granules, and then test its biuret content;

Experimental group 2: take 100g of the product obtained in Example 1, and test its biuret content;

Experimental group 3: Take 100 g of the product obtained in Example 2, and test its biuret content.

The specific test results are shown in Table 2:

Table 2 The content of biuret in each experimental group

group times control group Experimental group 1 Experimental group 2 Experimental group 3 Biuret content (%) 0.81 1.82 0.36 0.37

It can be seen from Table 2 that the urea in the control group will produce a certain amount of biuret when it is dissolved in unheated water; the content of biuret in the urea in the experimental group 1 will increase significantly after heating.

Experimental group 3 and experimental group 4 are produced by adopting a process that avoids melting of urea by heat, so no biuret will be produced during the production process. The urea content in the products of experimental group 3 and experimental group 4 is about 50%, so the biuret content is about 50% of the biuret in the control group, thus it can be seen that the products of experimental group 3 and experimental group 4 are prepared When, the urea used does not produce additional biuret.

The invention uses expanded starch with strong adsorption capacity, urea and non-protein nitrogen substances to crush, mix, granulate, and dry at low temperature at room temperature; avoid non-protein nitrogen substances from being unstable when heated, resulting in biuret, etc. Toxic and poisonous substances, the results can be known from the data analysis of experimental group 3 and experimental group 4.

(3) Decomposition speed measurement under the effect of urease:

Control group: pure urea, add urease, measure the speed of its production of ammonia gas, the production speed of ammonia gas is the decomposition speed of urea;

Experimental group: the product gained in embodiment 2, add urease, measure the speed that it produces ammonia gas, the generation speed of ammonia gas is the decomposition speed of urea.

As a result of the test, it was found that in the control group, the decomposition rate of urea was 4.69u/g, and the decomposition rate of urea in the product obtained in Example 2 was 0.8u/g.

Experimental conclusion: the decomposition rate of urea in the experimental group is 17.1% of that of the control group, which is lower than the rate at which rumen microorganisms utilize synthetic bacterial protein (under normal circumstances, the decomposition rate of urea in the rumen is four times the rate at which microorganisms utilize it) . Therefore, it is safe for this product to feed cattle, sheep and ruminants, and will not cause the problem of urea poisoning in cattle and sheep.

(4) Blood ammonia test:

Design scheme: Select healthy ewes with little difference, age 14-16 months, body weight 40±1Kg, 8 sheep in total, divide into 4 groups randomly, 2 sheep in each group, add 15% and 30% urea compound slow release corn urea puffed granules.

The 4 groups in the experimental group were fed with the same dosage, and the control group was fed with the same amount of urea at one time. The venous white fluid was extracted 4 times at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after eating, and each group had 2 Secondary blood was drawn from each sheep at intervals (4 times from each sheep, and the body of the sheep was too severely injured), and the ammonia concentration in the sampled blood of each group was measured by the conventional phenol blue colorimetric method, with a value of 10-15ppm/100ml of blood. The ammonia concentration value is the safety critical reference line, as shown in Table 3:

Table 3 Blood ammonia concentration comparison test table

Conclusion: It can be confirmed from the blood ammonia concentration table 3 that all of the experimental groups 1 to 4 are safe to meet the standard, and none of them reach the safety critical line of 10-15PPM, especially the 1.23PPM group of the 2nd group is the safest. The maximum value of 3 groups with high content (30% urea) is 4.47ppm, which is still safe, and the highest blood ammonia concentration value in 1-4 experimental groups is delayed by 15 minutes compared with the control group, and the effect is satisfactory.

In the control group, the amount of urea added was the least, but still exceeded the reference safety limit. Poisoning phenomena such as shortness of movement and movement disorders occurred within half an hour, and were relieved after rescue.

In fact, non-protein nitrogen varieties are used in the feeding process, and they are added 2-3 times a day, so the safety of using ruminant livestock protein feed substitutes should be better than the current experiment.

2. Trial effect

(1) According to above-mentioned experiment, confirm that the best formula example of the present invention is, 50 parts of urea, 21 parts of puffed corn starch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulfate, 5 parts of acetohydroxamic acid, 12.5 parts of sodium humate, 5 parts of molasses.

(2) Contrastive effects of increasing milk and increasing meat

As shown in Table 4 and Table 5 below:

Table 4 Comparison of cow milk increase test

Explanation: One person in the control group was fed with common feed, the other in the control group was the existing corn urea variety, and the test group was the improved compound slow-release corn urea variety, both of which contained 50% urea content. In contrast, this technology improves the effect of traditional corn urea and can produce 1.0Kg more milk per day.

Table 5 Meat increase test of fattening cattle

Through the above test of increasing milk and increasing meat, the dosage of the ruminant livestock protein feed substitute of the present invention is better than that of the existing corn urea. It also achieves our goal of improving the two functions of slow release and utilization rate of urea. Local farms and farmers have generally accepted this product through pilot trials, and have generated better income.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock, characterized in that, in parts by weight, it comprises 30-80 parts of non-protein nitrogen substances, 15-70 parts of expanded starch, 5-15 parts of inorganic salts, and 0.005-10 parts of urease inhibitors. 2-10 servings of edible sugar. 2. A protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock according to claim 1, characterized in that, in parts by weight, it comprises 50 parts of non-protein nitrogen substances, 25.98 parts of expanded starch, 6.5 parts of inorganic salts, and 0.02 parts of urease inhibitors , 5 parts of molasses. 3. A protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the non-protein nitrogen substance is urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, At least one of ammonium chloride, isobutylidene diurea, and urea phosphate; The expanded starch is at least one of expanded corn starch, expanded corn starch, and expanded potato starch; The inorganic salt is at least one of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, cobalt sulfate; The urease inhibitor is acetohydroxamic acid, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, At least one of magnesium oxide, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate; The edible sugar is molasses or sucrose. 4. A protein feed substitute for ruminant livestock according to claim 3, wherein the non-protein nitrogen substance is urea, the expanded starch is expanded corn flour, the inorganic salt is sodium sulfate, and the urease inhibitor is acetoxylate Xamic acid, edible sugar is molasses. 5. A ruminant livestock protein feed substitute according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in parts by weight, it also includes 0.5 to 25 parts of organic acid or organic acid salt, and the organic acid or organic acid salt At least one of sodium humate, humic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sorbic acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, citric acid, sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid kind. 6. A ruminant livestock protein feed substitute according to claim 5, characterized in that, in parts by weight, the organic acid or organic acid salt is sodium humate, and the parts by weight are 12.5 parts. 7. according to the preparation method of a kind of ruminant livestock protein feed substitute described in claim 1～6, it is characterized in that, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare puffed starch with a moisture content of not more than 10%, a bulk density of 230-275g/L, and a gelatinization rate of not less than 95%; (2) Mix and pulverize the prepared expanded starch with non-protein nitrogen material particles in proportion, then add inorganic salts and urease inhibitors in proportion, mix and stir evenly, and obtain mixed raw materials; (3) Add edible sugar to the prepared mixed raw material in a certain proportion, and add appropriate amount of water, stir evenly, and prepare it into granules; (4) Dry the prepared granules at low temperature, knead them after cooling to room temperature, and pass through a 20-30 mesh sieve to obtain a final product with a water content not higher than 10%. 8. The method for preparing a ruminant livestock protein feed substitute according to claim 7, characterized in that, in the step (1), the expanded starch is expanded corn flour, and the specific preparation process is as follows: raw corn granules After preliminary blower, cleaning, magnetic separation and screen to remove impurities such as metals, and then coarsely pulverized by a pulverizer, under the conditions of high temperature (120~170°C) and high pressure (15~19.5Mpa), it acts for 5~10s, and is mechanically Combined effects of shearing, friction, kneading and pressure difference Extrude and puff the material, and cool for 1~2 hours after the material is discharged. 9. According to the application of a ruminant livestock protein feed substitute described in claims 1 to 6 as ruminant livestock protein feed, the specific application method is: adding 2-5% by mass to full price mixed feed or concentrate supplement When feeding ruminant livestock, reduce protein feed by 6-17.5% accordingly, and feed ruminant livestock for 0.5-1 hour before giving normal drinking water. 10. A kind of ruminant livestock protein feed substitute according to claim 9 is used as the application of ruminant livestock protein feed, it is characterized in that, in terms of dry matter of diet, the crude protein in the full-price mixed feed or concentrate supplement The content is not more than 10~12%.