CN107208786A - 用于在不同步的爪齿变速器中控制换挡的方法 - Google Patents

用于在不同步的爪齿变速器中控制换挡的方法 Download PDF

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CN107208786A
CN107208786A CN201680007987.7A CN201680007987A CN107208786A CN 107208786 A CN107208786 A CN 107208786A CN 201680007987 A CN201680007987 A CN 201680007987A CN 107208786 A CN107208786 A CN 107208786A
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selector fork
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B·迈尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0215—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with elements of the transmission
    • F02D41/023—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with elements of the transmission in relation with the gear ratio shifting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0437—Smoothing ratio shift by using electrical signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/08—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/16—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/08—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/16—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/18—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism the final actuating mechanism comprising cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/50—Signals to an engine or motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/50—Signals to an engine or motor
    • F16H63/502—Signals to an engine or motor for smoothing gear shifts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60Y2300/184—Preventing damage resulting from overload or excessive wear of the driveline
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H2061/0474—Smoothing ratio shift by smoothing engagement or release of positive clutches; Methods or means for shock free engagement of dog clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0047—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising five forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0082—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在不同步的爪齿变速器中控制换挡的方法，所述爪齿变速器具有至少一个可通过控制鼓控制的变速叉，其中，借助于在控制鼓上的位置传感器检测该控制鼓的扭转位置并且将其传递到用于控制驱动马达的电子的控制单元上。控制单元借助于所检测的扭转位置识别所述/一个变速叉是否位于中间位置中，在该中间位置中两个与其相配设的可能的挡都没有被挂入。如果变速叉位于所述中间位置中，当在驱动马达和爪齿变速器之间的离合器也打开时，则将驱动马达的转速调节到所述两个可能的挡的目标转速之间的平均数。

Description

用于在不同步的爪齿变速器中控制换挡的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在特别是用于摩托车的不同步的爪齿变速器中控制换挡的方法。
背景技术
例如本申请人的系列摩托车装备有不同步的爪齿变速器。这类的变速器具有用于实施换挡过程的控制鼓。在此，变速叉分别设置有一个销，该销分别突出到控制鼓的槽中。控制鼓的旋转根据相应的槽的轮廓通过变速叉在变速杆上的移动而引起换挡过程。在控制鼓上的槽这样设置，使得其旋转以以下方式引起变速叉的移动，即，按顺序切换变速器的各挡。
这类的不同步的爪齿变速器的机械细节例如参照EP 1 256 743 B1或者DE 1020111 088 352 A1。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，对这类的爪齿变速器在其可靠性方面进行改善。
按照本发明，该任务通过独立权利要求的技术方案解决。从属权利要求是本发明的有利的进一步扩展方案。
本发明涉及一种用于在不同步的爪齿变速器中控制换挡的方法，所述爪形变速器具有至少一个可通过控制鼓控制的变速叉，其中，借助于在控制鼓上的位置传感器检测该控制鼓的扭转位置并且将其传递到用于控制驱动马达的电子的控制单元上。控制单元借助于所检测的扭转位置识别所述/一个变速叉是否位于中间位置，在该中间位置中两个与其相配设的可能的挡都没有被挂入。如果变速叉位于所述中间位置中，当在驱动马达和爪齿变速器之间的离合器也打开时，则驱动马达的转速调节到所述两个可能的挡的目标转速之间的平均数。
本发明也包括用于实施按照本发明的方法的一种控制装置和一种电子的控制单元。
本发明以以下考虑为基础：
特别是在不同步的爪齿变速器中，在实施换挡时对机械部件的、特别是控制鼓中的相应的槽的构件强度提出了高要求。在试验中已发现，通过按照本发明的转速干预可以防止可能的共振并且由此延长控制鼓的使用寿命。
附图说明
图中示出本发明的一个实施例。
图中示出：
图1示出具有按照本发明的位置传感器的控制鼓的局部，以及
图2示意性地示出用于实施按照本发明的方法的控制鼓的和主要部件的展开图。
具体实施方式
图1示出控制鼓1，所述控制鼓具有示例性地在所述控制鼓上引导的变速叉2。每个变速叉可以通过分别经由未示出的换挡装置在控制鼓1上向左或向右移动而在未示出的游轮轴上固定未示出的游轮。由此挂入变速器的相应希望的挡位。控制鼓1例如可以设置用于三个变速叉，所述变速叉用于切换五个前进挡和一个倒退挡。通过控制鼓1的旋转运动以以下方式产生用于挂入相应的转换等级的相应的变速叉2的移动运动，即，每个变速叉2具有指向控制鼓1的突出部，该突出部突出到控制鼓1的周向槽3中。图1中可见在用于未示出的变速叉的控制鼓1上的周向槽3。用于示出的变速叉2的周向槽不可见，因为在该实施方式中所述周向槽被变速叉2完全包围。如可见的周向槽3，所有周向槽沿控制鼓1的纵向具有确定的轮廓4并且沿径向同样轮廓化(也见图2)。周向槽3的沿纵向的轮廓4这样控制变速叉的运动顺序，使得可通过控制鼓1的旋转按顺序依次挂入爪齿变速器的各个挡。就这点而言，图1中是按照现有技术的爪齿变速器。
最后，图1中按照本发明在控制鼓1上示出位置传感器5，以下与对图2的说明相关地进一步探讨该位置传感器：
图2以控制鼓1的部分区域的展开图示例性地示出用于三个变速叉的三个周向槽3a、3b和3c。周向槽3a用于控制用于挂入第5挡或者倒退挡R的第一变速叉的运动。周向槽3b控制用于挂入第3挡或者第4挡的第二变速叉。周向槽3c使用于挂入第1挡或者第2挡的第三变速叉运动。通过控制鼓1的旋转按顺序依次挂入所有变速器挡，该旋转可以机械地、电气地或者液压地进行。中性位置N位于倒退挡R与第1挡之间，在该中性位置中没有挡被挂入。
图2中也示意性地示出了通过控制鼓1的径向截面，该控制鼓按照本发明具有位置传感器5、在这里以电位器(Potentiometer)的形式。电位器的测量信号是用于操纵驱动马达7、在这里为内燃机的电子的控制单元6的输入信号。
按照本发明由控制单元6、特别是通过在这里未进一步示出的软件功能模块借助于位置传感器5或者借助于电位器信号检测控制鼓1的扭转位置P并且以此间接地检测变速叉的位置。控制单元6借助于所检测的扭转位置P识别至少一个变速叉是否位于中间位置Z中，在该中间位置中两个与其相配设的按顺序的挡(在这里例如在向左移动变速叉的情况下为第3挡或者在向右移动的情况下为第4挡)都没有被挂入。为了挂入挡也可以有多于一个变速叉参与。如果识别出所述中间位置Z，则借助于控制单元6通过相应本身已知地操控马达促动器(点火、喷射燃料、供气)将驱动马达7的转速n调节到所述两个可能的挡(在这里G3或者G4)的各目标转速之间的平均数。
上述转速调节的另一个前提是在驱动马达7与(在此未进一步示出的)爪齿变速器之间的打开的离合器K。可以通过开关8在离合器本身上或者在离合器踏板上查询离合器K的状态。
在第一种备选方案中，只有当多于一个变速叉参与换挡时，才可以将驱动马达7的转速n调节到所述两个可能的挡的目标转速之间的平均数。
在第二种备选方案中，一直可以将驱动马达7的转速n调节到两个相应当前可能的挡的目标转速之间的平均数。

Claims (5)

1.用于在不同步的爪齿变速器中控制换挡的方法，所述爪齿变速器具有至少一个可通过控制鼓(1)控制的变速叉(2)，其中，借助于在控制鼓(1)上的位置传感器(5)检测该控制鼓的扭转位置(P)并且将其传递到用于控制驱动马达(7)的电子的控制单元(6)上，其中，借助于所检测的扭转位置(P)识别变速叉(2)是否位于中间位置(Z)中，在该中间位置中两个与其相配设的可能的挡(G3，G4)都被没有挂入，并且在存在这种情况下当在驱动马达(7)与爪齿变速器之间的离合器(K)打开时，则将驱动马达(7)的转速(n)调节到所述两个可能的挡(G3，G4)的目标转速之间的平均数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，只有当多于一个变速叉参与换挡时，驱动马达(7)的转速(n)调节到所述两个可能的挡的目标转速之间的平均数。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，针对每个存在的变速叉在到达其中间位置(Z)时总是将驱动马达(7)的转速(n)调节到两个相应当前可能的挡的目标转速之间的平均数。
4.用于实施根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法的控制装置，其特征在于，控制鼓(1)具有位置传感器(5)，该位置传感器与电子的控制单元(6)相连接并且控制单元(6)以程序功能模块的形式构造，使得可通过与用于检测控制鼓(1)的扭转位置(P)的位置传感器(5)的连接来识别变速叉(2)是否位于中间位置(Z)中，在该中间位置中两个与其相配设的可能的挡(G3，G4)都没有被挂入，并且如果分别所属的一个变速叉或者所属的多个变速叉位于该中间位置(Z)中并且在驱动马达(7)与爪齿变速器之间的离合器(K)打开，则驱动马达(7)的转速(n)能调节到所述两个可能的挡(G3，G4)的目标转速之间的平均数。
5.用于实施根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法的电子的控制单元(6)，所述控制单元具有程序功能模块，该程序功能模块这样构造，使得可通过与用于检测控制鼓(1)的扭转位置(P)的位置传感器(5)的连接来识别变速叉(2)是否位于中间位置(Z)中，在该中间位置中两个与其相配设的可能的挡(G3，G4)都没有被挂入，并且如果相应所属的一个变速叉或者所属的多个变速叉位于该中间位置(Z)中并且在驱动马达(7)与爪齿变速器之间的离合器(K)打开，则驱动马达(7)的转速(n)可调节到所述两个可能的挡(G3，G4)的目标转速之间的平均数。
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CN107208786B (zh) 2019-02-22
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WO2016166117A1 (de) 2016-10-20
US20180003115A1 (en) 2018-01-04

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