Background
The existing backward-tipping self-unloading semitrailer, as shown in fig. 1, comprises: a frame 2, a travelling mechanism 3 arranged at a rear position below the frame 2, and a carriage 4 arranged above the frame 2.
A leg 26 is provided below the front of the frame 2, the leg 26 supporting the frame together with the running gear 3 behind the frame 2 when the semitrailer is separated from the tractor.
An oil cylinder 5 is also connected between the front wall of the carriage 4 and the front end of the frame 2, so that the carriage 4 is lifted by the oil cylinder 5, and the carriage 4 is turned backwards to realize unloading.
The oil cylinder 5 is installed on the frame 2 through the oil cylinder installation seat and is positioned in front of the traction pin 24, when the trailer lifts, the oil cylinder 5 can generate a great supporting reaction force to the front part of the frame (mainly the part between the oil cylinder installation seat and the traction pin), and the supporting leg 26 is installed at the position behind the traction pin 24, so that the supporting reaction force cannot be resisted, and the front part of the trailer is required to be correspondingly supported in order to ensure the safety and stability after lifting, prevent the front part of the trailer from being stressed and damaged, and the part between the oil cylinder 5 at the front part of the trailer and the traction pin 24 is required to be correspondingly supported. When the self-unloading semitrailer is articulated and lifted, the front part of the trailer takes the tractor as a support, but the unloading mode occupies the tractor, so that the use efficiency of the tractor is reduced.
In order to improve the service efficiency of a tractor, a supporting device capable of being temporarily additionally arranged on a semitrailer is put forward in the market, for example, a Chinese patent with the application number 201020126465.9 discloses a supporting device special for a swing trailer, when the tractor is unhooked, the supporting device special for the swing trailer can be temporarily arranged at the front part of the semitrailer when the trailer needs to swing and lift, the supporting device provides support for the front part of the trailer, and the safety stability of the oil cylinder lifting operation is improved. Some users adopt the method of adding a temporary fixing frame below a trailer traction pin, but the temporary fixing frame is time-consuming and labor-consuming, has low working efficiency, and can not be carried on the vehicle, so that the situation that the temporary fixing frame can not be used in time often occurs, and the unloading operation is delayed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at providing a self-unloading semitrailer and a frame thereof, wherein a supporting device is designed at the front end of the frame, so that the semitrailer can realize the swing lifting operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a self-unloading semitrailer frame, comprising: the traction device comprises a frame main body, a traction plate arranged on the bottom surface of the front part of the frame main body and traction pins arranged on the traction plate, wherein a supporting device is arranged at the front end of the frame main body and corresponds to the position in front of the traction pins.
More preferably, the supporting device can be supported on the ground through lifting, overturning or telescopic actions, or can be retracted to the bottom surface of the supporting device not lower than the bottom surface of the traction plate.
More preferably, the support device comprises: the two support seats are respectively fixed on two sides of the front end of the frame body, the bottom surface of each support seat is not lower than the bottom surface of the traction plate, and each support rod corresponds to one support seat and can move up and down relative to the support seat.
More preferably, the support seat is provided with a gear and a rotating mechanism for driving the gear to rotate, and the support rod is provided with a rack meshed with the gear along the length direction.
More preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises a rocking handle, and the rocking handle is coaxially connected with the gear or connected with the gear through a transmission mechanism.
More preferably, a locking device is arranged between the supporting seat and the supporting rod, and the locking device comprises: the locking device comprises a locking hole arranged on a supporting seat, a plurality of positioning holes arranged at the positions close to the upper end and the lower end of the supporting rod and a locking pin, wherein the locking pin is inserted into the locking hole and any positioning hole to fix the supporting rod on the supporting seat.
More preferably, the supporting seat is sleeve-shaped, and the supporting rod penetrates through the sleeve-shaped supporting seat.
More preferably, the support bar includes: the body of rod and articulated in body of rod bottom a supporting shoe, the maximum width of body of rod is less than the maximum width of supporting seat inner tube and can be in reciprocate in the supporting seat, the width of supporting shoe is greater than the maximum width of supporting seat inner tube, the bottom surface of supporting seat is higher than a set distance of traction plate bottom surface, in order to be in the supporting seat bottom surface forms one and is used for holding the accommodation space of supporting shoe.
More preferably, the supporting rod moves up and down relative to the supporting seat by taking a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder as a power source.
More preferably, the support device comprises: the two hinge seats and the two support rods are respectively fixed on two sides of the front end of the frame body, the bottom surface of the hinge seat is not lower than the bottom surface of the traction plate, the two support rods are respectively hinged on each hinge seat in a one-to-one correspondence manner and can turn upwards or downwards relative to the hinge seat, and when the support rods turn upwards in place, the bottom surface of the support rods is not lower than the bottom surface of the traction plate.
More preferably, the supporting rod is connected with a hydraulic cylinder or a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through a crank connecting rod mechanism to realize up-and-down overturning.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a self-unloading semitrailer which comprises a frame, a travelling mechanism arranged below the rear part of the frame and a carriage arranged above the frame, wherein a lifting oil cylinder is arranged between the front end of the carriage and the front end of the frame, and the frame is the self-unloading semitrailer frame.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the supporting device is additionally arranged at the front position of the traction pin at the front end of the semi-trailer, so that the supporting device can be used as a support for resisting the supporting reaction force of the oil cylinder to the front part of the frame when the semi-trailer is subjected to the drop-and-lift operation, the safety and stability after lifting are ensured, and the front part of the trailer is prevented from being damaged by stress; in addition, the supporting device of the preferred embodiment of the invention adopts the gears and racks which are meshed with each other to realize the lifting of the supporting rod, so that the operation is simple, the use is convenient, the required installation space is small, the travel is large, the closing height of the lower part is small, the ground clearance is high after the installation, and the interference with a tractor is avoided, thereby not affecting the normal hitching of the tractor and the semitrailer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of further illustrating the principles and structure of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
When describing the azimuth, the invention takes the azimuth of the head of the self-unloading semitrailer as the front and the azimuth of the tail as the back.
The self-unloading semitrailer comprises a frame, a travelling mechanism arranged below the rear part of the frame and a carriage arranged above the frame, wherein a lifting oil cylinder is arranged between the front end of the carriage and the front end of the frame.
Referring to fig. 2 to 8, the dump semitrailer frame includes: the vehicle body 21, a traction plate 23 provided on the bottom surface of the front part of the vehicle body 21, and a traction pin 24 provided on the traction plate 23.
The frame main body 21 includes: two longitudinal beams and a cross beam connected between the two longitudinal beams.
The traction plate 23 is connected between the stringers near the front end, and a traction pin 24 is fixed to the traction plate 23 and protrudes downward beyond the traction plate 23. When the semitrailer is docked with the tractor, the tractor saddle is positioned below the traction plate 23 and slides along the traction plate 23 to articulate with the kingpin 24.
The frame body 21 is provided with legs 26 at positions corresponding to the rear of the traction pins 24, and when the semitrailer is separated from the tractor, the legs 26 support the frame together with the running gear 3 behind the frame 2.
The frame body 21 is further provided with a support device 25 at a position in front of the traction pin 24, and the support device 25 can be supported on the ground or can be retracted to be positioned on the traction plate 23.
The supporting device 25 can be switched to a working state or a non-working state through lifting, overturning or stretching actions, and in the working state, the supporting device 25 can be supported on the ground, so that when the semitrailer is separated from the tractor and the oil cylinder is lifted (namely, when the semitrailer is in a throwing-hanging lifting operation), the front part of the trailer can be supported by the supporting device 25, the supporting counter force of the oil cylinder to the front part of the frame is resisted, the safety and stability after lifting are ensured, and the front part of the trailer is prevented from being stressed and damaged; when the tractor is not in working state, the supporting device 25 can be retracted to the bottom surface of the traction plate 23 through lifting, overturning or telescopic actions, so that the normal hitching of the tractor and the semitrailer is ensured, and the normal transportation operation is not influenced.
The specific structure of the support means 25 is varied and several preferred embodiments will be exemplified below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment of the support device.
Referring to fig. 2 to 6, the supporting device 25 of the present embodiment includes: the two support bases 251 and the two support rods 252 are respectively fixed on two sides of the front end of the frame body, the bottom surface of the support base 251 is not lower than the bottom surface of the traction plate 23, and each support rod 252 is correspondingly arranged on one support base 251.
Preferably, the supporting seat 251 is sleeve-shaped, and the supporting rod 252 is disposed through the sleeve-shaped supporting seat 251.
The support bar 252 includes: the rod 2521 and a support sole 2522 hinged at the bottom end of the rod 2521, wherein the support sole 2522 can enlarge the contact area with the ground, and the use stability is improved.
The maximum width of the rod 2521 is smaller than the maximum width of the inner cylinder of the supporting seat 251 and can move up and down in the supporting seat 251, and the maximum width of the supporting sole 2522 is larger than the maximum width of the inner cylinder of the supporting seat 251, so that when the rod 2521 moves up to the right position, the supporting sole 2522 is exposed below the supporting seat 251.
In order to avoid the influence of the support sole 2522 on the normal hitching of the tractor and the semitrailer, the support base 251 is preferably mounted so that the bottom surface thereof is higher than the bottom surface of the traction plate 23 by a set distance which is approximately equal to the height of the support sole 2522, so that an accommodating space is formed on the bottom surface of the support base 251, and the support sole 2522 can be accommodated just so that the support sole 2522 is not lower than the bottom surface of the traction plate 23 when the support rod 252 is in the retracted state, thereby ensuring that the tractor and the semitrailer can be hitched normally.
The supporting device 25 further comprises a driving mechanism 253 for driving the supporting rod 252 to move up and down relative to the supporting seat 251.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the driving mechanism 253 includes: a rack 2531, a gear 2532, and a rotation mechanism 2533 for driving the gear 2532 to rotate.
The racks 2531 are provided on the support bar 252 and are arranged along the length direction of the support bar 252.
The gear 2532 is provided on the support seat 251 and can be engaged with the gear 2532.
The rotation mechanism 2533 is connected to the gear 2532 and is capable of driving the gear 2532 to rotate.
In this embodiment, the rotation mechanism includes a crank coaxially connected with the gear 2532, or connected with the gear 2532 through a transmission mechanism, such as a gear set, so as to directly or indirectly drive the gear 2532 to rotate, realize forward or reverse rotation of the gear 2532, and engage with the rack 2531 on the support rod 252 while rotating, so that the support rod 252 descends relative to the support seat 251 and is supported on the ground or ascends to retract, thereby switching between an operating state and a non-operating state.
The gear 2532 for driving each support rod 252 to move can be respectively connected with a rocking handle to drive each support rod 252 to ascend or descend respectively, or one side of the gear 2532 can be connected with a rocking handle and the other side of the gear 2532 is coaxially connected with the other side of the gear 2532 through a connecting rod, so that the two support rods 252 can be driven to ascend or descend through one rocking handle.
Locking devices are further arranged between the support seat 251 and the support rod 252, so that when the support rod 252 ascends or descends to move in place, the support rod 252 and the support seat 251 are fixed through the locking devices, and relative movement of the support rod 252 and the support seat 251 is limited.
The locking device can be a hook, a lock catch, a bolt and the like.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the locking device includes: the locking pin 256 is inserted into the locking hole and any one of the positioning holes to fix the support rod 252 to the support base 251, and the locking hole provided to the support base 251, the positioning holes provided to the support rod 252 near the upper and lower ends thereof, and the locking pin 256. Specifically, when the support rod 252 is lowered to contact the ground, the positioning hole near the upper end of the support rod 252 is aligned with the locking hole on the support seat 251, the support rod 252 can be locked in the extended state by inserting the locking pin 256, and similarly, when the support rod 252 is raised in place, the positioning hole near the lower end of the support rod 252 is aligned with the locking hole on the support seat 251, and the support rod 252 can be locked in the retracted state by inserting the locking pin 256.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the supporting rod 252 may also move up and down relative to the supporting seat 251 by using a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder as a power source, that is, the driving mechanism 253 for driving the supporting rod 252 to move up and down relative to the supporting seat 251 is replaced by a power mechanism such as an air cylinder or an air cylinder, and the supporting rod 252 may be directly connected to a piston rod of the air cylinder or the air cylinder, or may be indirectly connected to a piston rod of the air cylinder or the air cylinder through a link mechanism.
A second embodiment of the support device.
Referring to fig. 7, the supporting device 25a of the present embodiment includes: two hinge seats 251a and two support bars 252a.
The two hinge bases 251a are respectively fixed at two sides of the front end of the frame body, and the bottom surface of the hinge base 251a is not lower than the bottom surface of the traction plate 23.
The two support rods 252a are hinged to each hinge base 251a in a one-to-one correspondence and can be turned up or down relative to the hinge base 251 a.
The hinge base 251a includes two hinge base plates 2511a and a rotation shaft 254 rotatably coupled to the two hinge base plates 2511 a. In the working state, the support rod 252a can be turned downwards around the axis of the rotating shaft 254a to be supported on the ground, so that the semi-trailer is convenient to perform the swing lifting operation, the safety and stability after lifting are ensured, and the front part of the trailer is prevented from being damaged by stress; in the non-working state, the supporting rod 252a can be upwards turned around the axis of the rotating shaft 254a to be folded to the bottom surface of the supporting rod not lower than the bottom surface of the traction plate 23, so that the normal hitching of the tractor and the semitrailer is ensured, and the normal transportation operation is not influenced.
The support bar 252a may be switched to an operating state or an inactive state by manual flipping, or flipping may be achieved by a driving mechanism.
The driving mechanism can be a power mechanism such as an oil cylinder or an air cylinder.
Referring to fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the driving mechanism 253a includes: the hydraulic mechanism comprises an oil cylinder 2531a and a crank link mechanism 2533a hinged with an oil cylinder piston rod 2532a, wherein the other end of the crank link mechanism 2533a, which is not connected with the oil cylinder piston rod 2532a, is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft 254, a supporting rod 252a is connected with the piston rod 2532a of the oil cylinder 2531a through the crank link mechanism 2533a, and when the piston rod 2532a stretches out or retracts, the crank link mechanism 2533a is driven to rotate, so that the rotating shaft 254a is driven to rotate forwards or reversely through the rotation of the crank link mechanism 2533a, and the supporting rod 252a fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 254a is driven to overturn upwards or overturn downwards.
Similarly, in other embodiments, the cylinder may be replaced with a cylinder.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by applying the descriptions and the drawings of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.