CN107189423B - Antifriction material based on FDM 3D printing, preparation method thereof and method for enhancing antifriction performance of material product - Google Patents
Antifriction material based on FDM 3D printing, preparation method thereof and method for enhancing antifriction performance of material product Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003831 antifriction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000897 Babbitt (metal) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 6
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- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/10—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by grinding, e.g. by triturating; by sieving; by filtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anti-friction material based on FDM 3D printing, a preparation method thereof and a method for enhancing the anti-friction performance of a material product, wherein the anti-friction material based on FDM 3D printing is a material mainly comprising Babylonite powder and thermoplastic resin, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) mixing the components of the composition; the mixing mode is preferably fully mixed for 5-30 minutes by a high-speed mixer; 2) melting and plasticizing the mixture obtained after mixing in the step 1) through a double-screw extruder, and granulating through a granulator; the method for enhancing the antifriction performance of the antifriction material part based on FDM 3D printing comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a 3D printing part from the friction reducing material based on FDM 3D printing; 2) putting the 3D printed part obtained in the step 1) into an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, and melting the babbitt metal to fill the gaps in the part. The FDM 3D printed friction reducing material has friction reducing characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing materials, in particular to an antifriction material based on FDM 3D printing, a preparation method of the antifriction material and a method for enhancing antifriction performance of a material product.
Background
Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology is an advanced manufacturing technology that has been rapidly developed in the 90 s of the 20 th century, and is a key technology for new product development in the manufacturing industry. The method plays a positive promoting role in promoting product innovation of enterprises, shortening new product development period, improving product competitiveness and the like. Since the advent of the technology, the technology has gradually been widely used in manufacturing industries of countries around the world, and thus a new technical field has come to emerge. The 3D printing technology, as an emerging rapid prototyping technology, is mainly applied to the fields of product prototyping, mold manufacturing, artistic creation, jewelry making, and the like, and is used to replace some conventional finishing processes in these fields. In addition, the 3D printing technology is gradually applied to the fields of medicine, bioengineering, construction, clothing and the like, and a wide space is opened for innovation. At present, the 3D printing and forming method mainly includes Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Stereolithography (SLA), and Layered Object Manufacturing (LOM), wherein FDM is the fastest developing technology.
FDM means that the filiform thermoplastic material is fed into a spray head by a wire feeder, heated to a molten state in the spray head and extruded through a nozzle. And extruding the molten filamentous material, solidifying and molding at a specified position according to a path controlled by layered data of three-dimensional software, depositing and solidifying layer by layer, and finally forming the whole three-dimensional product. The FDM has clean and safe operating environment, simple process and easy operation, and generates no garbage, thereby greatly widening the operating occasions. The raw material used is provided in the form of a reel wire, which is easy to handle and quick to change. However, the FDM forming method at present has some essential defects, so that the application range of FDM is greatly limited, and the FDM forming method mainly focuses on industries such as handicraft articles and offices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an antifriction material based on FDM 3D printing, a preparation method thereof and a method for enhancing antifriction performance of a material product.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an anti-friction material based on FDM 3D printing comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of babbitt metal powder and 20-60 parts of thermoplastic resin.
Preferably, the composition also comprises the following components: 1-10 parts of a toughening agent.
Preferably, the composition also comprises the following components: 2-10 parts of a tackifier.
Preferably, the composition also comprises the following components: 0.5-1 part of antioxidant.
Preferably, the composition also comprises the following components: 0.5 to 1 part by weight of a surfactant.
Wherein the thermoplastic resin is preferably used in an amount of 25 to 55 parts by weight, more preferably 25 to 45 parts by weight; for example, it may be 28 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight or 40 parts by weight.
The babbitt metal powder is preferably used in an amount of 40 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 45 to 65 parts by weight, and may be 46 parts by weight, 58 parts by weight or 62 parts by weight, for example. The babbitt metal powder is an alloy powder containing a rare earth element.
Wherein the preferable using amount of the toughening agent is 3-5 parts by weight.
Wherein, the preferable using amount of the tackifier is 7 to 9 parts by weight, and more preferably 8 to 8.5 parts by weight.
In terms of weight ratio, the weight of each component in the composition is preferably as follows:
40 parts of thermoplastic resin, 46 parts of babbitt metal powder, 5 parts of toughening agent, 8.0 parts of tackifier, 0.5 part of antioxidant and 0.5 part of surfactant; or
28 parts of thermoplastic resin, 62 parts of babbitt metal powder, 3 parts of toughening agent, 8.2 parts of tackifier, 0.5 part of antioxidant and 0.3 part of surfactant; or
30 parts of thermoplastic resin, 58 parts of babbitt metal powder, 3 parts of toughening agent, 8.0 parts of tackifier, 0.5 part of antioxidant and 0.5 part of surfactant.
In the invention, the particle size of the thermoplastic resin is 100-1000 μm; more preferably 200 to 500 μm. The number average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin is 30000-80000, preferably 40000-60000. Preferably, the thermoplastic resin has a melt index of 10 to 40g/10 min (190 ℃, 2.16 kg); preferably 20 to 30g/10 min (190 ℃, 2.16 kg).
The thermoplastic resin is one or more of Polyamide (PA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), Polycarbonate (PC) and Polyimide (PI); polyamides are preferred. Specifically, the polyamide may be Dupont Zytel 101L or/and japan dongli CM 1017.
According to the invention, the babbitt metal powder is a tin-based alloy; the tin-based alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-15% of antimony, 2-6% of copper, less than 1% of cadmium and the balance of tin.
The toughening agent is one or more of chlorinated polyethylene, styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene propylene diene monomer and ethylene-octene block copolymer. A mixture of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and chlorinated polyethylene is preferred. Specifically, the material may be one or more of Dow POE 8411, Dupont EVA 260 or Dow POE 8402.
The tackifier is tackifying resin; the tackifying resin is C5Petroleum resin, C9One or more of petroleum resin, hydrogenated aromatic petroleum resin, terpene resin and rosin resin; hydrogenated aromatic petroleum resins are preferred.
The antioxidant is one or more of antioxidant 168 (available from BASF of Germany), antioxidant 1010 (available from BASF of Germany), antioxidant B215 (available from Ciba Switzerland) and antioxidant B225 (available from Ciba Switzerland); preferred is antioxidant 168 (available from BASF, germany).
The surfactant is a silane coupling agent, and specifically comprises the following components: KH550 (available from Nanjing Union silicon chemical industry), KH570 (available from Nanjing Union silicon chemical industry) and KH560 (available from Guangzhou Europe chemical industry).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the antifriction material based on FDM 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the components of the composition; the mixing mode is preferably fully mixed for 5-30 minutes by a high-speed mixer;
2) melting and plasticizing the mixture obtained after mixing in the step 1) through a double-screw extruder, and granulating through a granulator;
preferably, the temperature for melting and plasticizing the double-screw extruder is 180-250 ℃; the rotating speed is not lower than 50 r/min.
Further preferably, it comprises step 3): drawing the granules obtained in the step 2) to obtain filaments; drawing by means of a screw extruder; further preferably, the drawing is carried out by a single screw extruder.
Preferably, the reaction temperature of the single-screw extruder is 190-240 ℃, the temperature of a die orifice is 200-230 ℃, and the rotating speed is not lower than 700 r/min.
In terms of filament diameter, the diameter of the filament is preferably 0.5 to 5mm, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5mm, and may be 1.75mm or 3mm, for example.
According to the invention, it comprises a ball milling step: before step 1, before mixing the thermoplastic resin in the composition, the method further comprises ball-milling the thermoplastic resin particles in a liquid nitrogen environment to form a powder.
Preferably, the particle size of the powder formed after ball milling is 100-1000 μm; more preferably 200 to 500 μm.
The invention also provides a product which is prepared by 3D printing the material for 3D printing doped with the babbitt metal.
According to the invention, the product is an anti-friction product prepared by 3D printing the material.
The method for enhancing the antifriction performance of the antifriction material part based on FDM 3D printing comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a 3D printing part from the friction reducing material based on FDM 3D printing;
2) putting the 3D printed part obtained in the step 1) into an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, and melting the babbitt metal to fill the gaps in the part. Wherein the current intensity of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 100 +/-10A, and the time is 20-40 seconds.
The electromagnetic induction heating furnace is preferably a low-frequency furnace or an intermediate-frequency furnace, and the abrasion reduction performance of the workpiece can be further improved through the operation steps.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the composition for FDM 3D printing provided by the invention is doped with babbitt metal, so that a 3D printing material prepared from the composition has an antifriction effect, has a plurality of potential applications, and widens the application range of FDM 3D printing. The preparation method of the 3D printing material is simple in process, low in cost and high in safety. The 3D printing material prepared by the method can be a filament, can be directly used for fused deposition modeling 3D printing, and is high in modeling speed. The 3D printing can form a workpiece with a preset shape, and the friction reducing performance is further improved by heating the electromagnetic induction heating furnace, so that the application in some special occasions is met, and the market blank is filled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an electron micrograph of babbitt metal powder doped PA6 used in FDM 3D printing material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The formula comprises the following components in parts by weight:
second, preparation method
1) Weighing the raw materials in proportion;
2) ball-milling the PA66 granules for 1 hour in a liquid nitrogen environment to obtain powder with the particle size of about 200 mu m; simultaneously dispersing a silane coupling agent KH570 in the babbitt metal powder;
3) putting the components into a high-speed mixer, stirring at a high speed for 10 minutes, and fully mixing;
4) and (3) putting the mixture obtained after fully mixing in the step 3) into a HAAKE double-screw extruder for plasticizing and extruding, and granulating by using a granulator, wherein the process conditions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| TS1/℃ | TS2/℃ | TS3/℃ | TS4/℃ | TS5/℃ | TS6/℃ | FR/％ | n/r/min |
| 220 | 230 | 245 | 245 | 230 | 220 | 7 | 50 |
5) And putting the manufactured particles into a single-screw extruder for wire drawing and winding, wherein the diameter of the filament is 1.75-2 mm. The filament can be used directly for 3D printing. The process conditions for drawing with the single screw extruder are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| One region/. degree.C | Two regions/. degree.C | Die opening/. degree C | Rotational speed r/min |
| 220 | 240 | 230 | 700 |
Example 2
Firstly, the following components in parts by weight:
second, preparation method
1) Weighing the raw materials in proportion;
2) ball-milling the PA6 granules for 1 hour in a liquid nitrogen environment to obtain powder with the particle size of about 200 mu m; simultaneously dispersing a silane coupling agent KH560 in the babbitt metal powder;
3) putting the components into a high-speed mixer, stirring at a high speed for 10 minutes, and fully mixing;
4) and (3) putting the mixture obtained after fully mixing in the step 3) into a HAAKE double-screw extruder for plasticizing and extruding, and granulating by using a granulator, wherein the process conditions are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
| TS1/℃ | TS2/℃ | TS3/℃ | TS4/℃ | TS5/℃ | TS6/℃ | FR/％ | n/r/min |
| 225 | 235 | 250 | 245 | 235 | 230 | 7 | 50 |
5) And putting the manufactured particles into a single-screw extruder for wire drawing and winding, wherein the diameter of the filament is 1.75-2 mm. The filament can be used directly for 3D printing. The process conditions for drawing with the single screw extruder are shown in Table 4. :
TABLE 4
| One region/. degree.C | Two regions/. degree.C | Die opening/. degree C | Rotational speed r/min |
| 220 | 240 | 230 | 700 |
Example 3
Firstly, the following components in parts by weight:
second, preparation method
1) Weighing the raw materials in proportion;
2) ball-milling ABS granules for 1 hour in a liquid nitrogen environment to obtain powder with the particle size of about 200 mu m; simultaneously dispersing a silane coupling agent KH560 in the babbitt metal powder;
3) putting the components into a high-speed mixer, stirring for 10 minutes at a high speed, and repeatedly mixing;
4) putting the mixture obtained after fully mixing in the step 3) into a HAAKE double-screw extruder for plasticizing and extruding, and granulating by using a granulator, wherein the process conditions are as shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5
| TS1/℃ | TS2/℃ | TS3/℃ | TS4/℃ | TS5/℃ | TS6/℃ | FR/％ | n/r/min |
| 185 | 195 | 205 | 205 | 190 | 180 | 7 | 50 |
5) And putting the manufactured particles into a single-screw extruder for wire drawing and winding, wherein the diameter of the filament is 1.75-2 mm. The filament can be used directly for 3D printing. The process conditions for drawing with the single screw extruder are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
| One region/. degree.C | Two regions/. degree.C | Die opening/. degree C | Rotational speed r/min |
| 190 | 210 | 200 | 700 |
Example 4
Firstly, the following components in parts by weight:
second, preparation method
1) Weighing the raw materials in proportion;
2) ball-milling ABS granules for 1 hour in a liquid nitrogen environment to obtain powder with the particle size of about 200 mu m; simultaneously dispersing a silane coupling agent KH560 in the babbitt metal powder;
3) putting the components into a high-speed mixer, stirring for 10 minutes at a high speed, and repeatedly mixing;
4) putting the mixture obtained after fully mixing in the step 3) into a HAAKE double-screw extruder for plasticizing and extruding, and granulating by using a granulator, wherein the process conditions are as shown in Table 7:
TABLE 7
| TS1/℃ | TS2/℃ | TS3/℃ | TS4/℃ | TS5/℃ | TS6/℃ | FR/％ | n/r/min |
| 185 | 195 | 205 | 205 | 190 | 180 | 7 | 50 |
5) And putting the manufactured particles into a single-screw extruder for wire drawing and winding, wherein the diameter of the filament is 1.75-2 mm. The filament can be used directly for 3D printing. The process conditions for drawing with the single screw extruder are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8
| One region/. degree.C | Two regions/. degree.C | Die opening/. degree C | Rotational speed r/min |
| 190 | 210 | 200 | 700 |
Example 5
Firstly, the following components in parts by weight:
second, preparation method
1) Weighing the raw materials in proportion;
2) ball-milling ABS granules for 1 hour in a liquid nitrogen environment to obtain powder with the particle size of about 200 mu m; simultaneously dispersing a silane coupling agent KH560 in the babbitt metal powder;
3) putting the components into a high-speed mixer, stirring for 10 minutes at a high speed, and repeatedly mixing;
4) putting the mixture obtained after fully mixing in the step 3) into a HAAKE double-screw extruder for plasticizing and extruding, and granulating by using a granulator, wherein the process conditions are as shown in Table 9:
TABLE 9
| TS1/℃ | TS2/℃ | TS3/℃ | TS4/℃ | TS5/℃ | TS6/℃ | FR/％ | n/r/min |
| 185 | 195 | 205 | 205 | 190 | 180 | 7 | 50 |
5) And putting the manufactured particles into a single-screw extruder for wire drawing and winding, wherein the diameter of the filament is 1.75-2 mm. The filament can be used directly for 3D printing. The process conditions for drawing with the single screw extruder are shown in Table 10.
Watch 10
| One region/. degree.C | Two regions/. degree.C | Die opening/. degree C | Rotational speed r/min |
| 190 | 210 | 200 | 700 |
Example 6
The printed article of example 4 was placed in an induction cooker and heated for 20 seconds and immediately taken out, with an induction current of 100A.
Example 7
The printed article of example 5 was placed in an induction cooker and heated for 30 seconds and immediately taken out, with an induction current of 100A.
The product obtained in the preceding example has the performance parameters indicated in Table 11:
TABLE 11
The static friction coefficient and the sliding friction coefficient of the friction reducing material printed based on the FDM 3D are smaller than those of ABS, and the static friction coefficient and the sliding friction coefficient can be further improved by processing the friction reducing material workpiece printed based on the FDM 3D.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for enhancing the antifriction performance of an antifriction material part based on FDM 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps: the friction reducing material based on FDM 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-80 parts of babbitt metal powder and 20-60 parts of thermoplastic resin; the method for enhancing the antifriction performance of the antifriction material comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a 3D printing part from the friction reducing material based on FDM 3D printing;
2) putting the 3D printed part obtained in the step 1) into an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, so that the Babbitt metal is melted to fill the gaps in the part, wherein the current of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 100 +/-10A, and the time is 20-40 seconds.
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| CN107936459B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-08-20 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | It is a kind of for the composition of fused glass pellet 3D printer, preparation and its application |
| CN112940498B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-08-15 | 福建永聚兴新材料科技有限公司 | High-toughness low-water-absorption PA6 3D printing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113136099B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-06-16 | 福建永聚兴新材料科技有限公司 | Anti-shrinkage high-strength PA6 3D printing material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102242293A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2011-11-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Tin-based babbitt |
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| CN105713362B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-09-28 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | A kind of composition for 3D printing, 3D printing material containing it and preparation method thereof, application and 3D printing equipment |
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