CN107179249B - A kind of device and method of environmental protection research structure interview sample shear property - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment-friendly device for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples, which includes a steering unit, a support frame, a connecting rod mechanism and a wrapping mechanism. A flat plate is fixed above the steering unit. There are several strip-shaped grooves, and the several strip-shaped grooves are symmetrically distributed along the center of the flat plate. The number of strip-shaped grooves is suitable for the number of shearing directions of the structural surface samples. The lower side of the support frame There are bar-shaped protrusions corresponding to the bar-shaped grooves one by one. The flat plate and the support frame are fixed together through the engagement of the bar-shaped grooves and the bar-shaped protrusions. The inside of the support frame is connected to the linkage mechanism, and the wrapping mechanism is fixed on the connecting rod. In the mechanism, the wrapping mechanism wraps the structural surface sample, and the wrapping mechanism includes several strip steel plates. The number of the strip steel plates is determined according to the size of the structural surface sample. kind of package. The invention can carry out environment-friendly and rapid research on the anisotropy and size effect of structural surface samples.

Description

An environmentally friendly device and method for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to an environment-friendly device and method for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples.

Background technique

The rock mass structure surface sample refers to the geological interface or belt with a certain extension direction and length and relatively small thickness formed inside the rock mass during the development of geological history, including layers, joint surfaces, unconformity surfaces, etc. Due to the existence of structural surface samples, the continuity and integrity of the rock mass are greatly destroyed, and the mechanical properties and stability of the engineered rock mass are weakened. Therefore, the research on the relevant properties of rock mass discontinuity plane samples is of great significance.

The shear strength parameters of rock structural surface samples are important indicators for the stability analysis of engineering rock mass and the design of reinforcement treatment schemes. Generally, the shear strength indicators of structural surface samples are obtained through tests. The direct shear instrument is a commonly used instrument. Due to its convenience and ease of operation, it can be used in field and indoor tests. At the same time, it can meet certain accuracy requirements and is low in cost. It is still the direct shear test among the existing test instruments. However, using this direct shear instrument cannot servo-control the normal stress, and the test can only be carried out by using the auxiliary method of wrapping the sample of the rock mass structural surface sample with concrete, and it is impossible to accurately and easily test each of the rock mass structural surface samples. Anisotropy for research.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a high test success rate, high sample utilization rate, saving time and material costs, environmental protection and recyclable, and can quickly analyze the anisotropy and size effect of the structural surface sample Apparatus and method for carrying out research on shear properties of structural surface specimens for environmental protection.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an environmental protection device for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples, including a steering unit, a support frame, a connecting rod mechanism, and a wrapping mechanism. A flat plate is fixed above the steering unit, and the flat plate There are several strip-shaped grooves on the top, and the several strip-shaped grooves are symmetrically distributed along the center of the plate. The number of the strip-shaped grooves is adapted to the number of shearing directions of the structural surface samples. The lower side of the support frame is provided with strip-shaped protrusions corresponding to the strip-shaped grooves one by one. The flat plate and the support frame are fixed together through the engagement of the strip-shaped grooves and the strip-shaped protrusions. rod mechanism, the wrapping mechanism is fixed in the connecting rod mechanism, and the wrapping mechanism wraps the structural surface sample, and the wrapping mechanism includes several strip-shaped steel plates, and the strip-shaped steel plates have through holes along the transverse direction. A plurality of strip steel plates are connected together by inserting steel wire ropes into the through holes, the number of the strip steel plates is determined according to the size of the structural surface sample, and the structural surface of different sizes is realized by adjusting the number of strip steel plates. For sample wrapping, after the shearing of the structural surface sample in one direction is completed, the strip-shaped protrusion is separated from the strip-shaped groove, and the support frame is rotated to make the strip-shaped protrusion engage with the next strip-shaped groove, that is, It can realize the shearing of the next direction of the structural surface sample, and then realize the shearing of all directions of the structural surface sample.

Further, the support frame includes a base, several uprights, ring beams, uprights and bottom braces, the strip-shaped protrusions are arranged under the base, the upper ends of the uprights are fixed on the edge of the ring beams, and the The lower end of the column is affixed to the edge of the base, the column affixes the base and the ring beam together, the upright is fixed in the middle of the base, a nut is arranged in the middle of the upright, and the bottom support plate The first screw is fixed, and the first screw is adapted to the nut, and the position of the bottom support plate is determined by the depth of the first screw screwed into the nut.

Further, the relative positions of the flat plate and the base are provided with scale lines, and the indicated positions of the scale lines are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the bar-shaped grooves or bar-shaped protrusions.

Further, the connecting rod mechanism includes four curved thin-walled plates, pulling screws and jacking screws, the curved thin-walled plates are hinged with adjacent curved thin-walled plates through pins, and the middle part of the pins has a pin perpendicular to its axial direction. The pulling screw hole and the jacking screw hole are respectively installed in the pulling screw hole and the jacking screw hole, and the jacking screw is inserted into the jacking screw hole to fix the wrapping mechanism in the linkage mechanism. A backing plate is provided between the jacking screw and the wrapping mechanism, and several auxiliary screw holes matching the size of the pulling screw holes are arranged on the column along the vertical direction. Pulling screws are inserted inside to fix the support frame, linkage mechanism and wrapping mechanism together.

Further, the number of the uprights is two, and the two uprights are symmetrically arranged, and three auxiliary screw holes are arranged symmetrically along the vertical direction on the two uprights, and the three auxiliary screw holes are distributed at equal intervals. By inserting the pulling screws into different positions Auxiliary screw holes to adjust the position of the link mechanism fixed in the support frame. After the positions of the pulling screw and the jacking screw are determined, they are fixed by bolts. The pulling screw can tighten the link mechanism and fix the connecting rod The mechanism is on the column, and the pulling screw also has the function of jacking the screw, and there is a backing plate between it and the wrapping mechanism.

Further, both ends of the steel wire rope are tensioned by turnbuckle bolts.

Furthermore, the shape of the base of the steering unit is wedge-shaped, and is adapted to the shearing box of the shearing instrument.

Further, the angle between the strip-shaped groove and the adjacent strip-shaped groove is 15°.

An environmental protection method for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples, comprising the following steps:

(1) Process rectangular or circular structural surface samples with multiple target sizes;

(2) The normal direction of the structural surface sample is upward, and the number of strip steel plates in the wrapping mechanism is determined according to the size of the structural surface sample, and the strip steel plates are connected together with a steel wire rope and wound around the side of the structural surface sample. And use the basket bolt to tighten the steel wire rope, so that the wrapping mechanism is closely attached to the side of the structural surface sample;

(3) Place the wrapping mechanism in the middle of the bottom support plate of the support frame, adjust the height of the bottom support plate, so that the upper end of the wrapping mechanism exceeds the ring beam by 3-5 mm;

(4) Rotate the jacking screw and the pulling screw to fix the wrapping mechanism in the linkage mechanism. At this time, rotate the inner bolt and tighten it, then rotate the outer bolt and tighten it, and then fix it on the support frame by the pulling screw;

(5) Fix the support frame and the direction adjustment unit together by engaging the strip-shaped protrusions of the support frame in the strip-shaped grooves on the flat plate, and put them into the shearing instrument to complete the one-direction orientation of the structural surface sample. cut;

(6) After the shearing of the structural surface sample in one direction is completed, separate the strip-shaped protrusion from the strip-shaped groove, and rotate the support frame to make the strip-shaped protrusion engage with the next strip-shaped groove, and then the structure can be realized. shearing in the next direction of the surface sample, and then realize shearing in all directions of the structural surface sample;

(7) Remove from the outside to the inside, take out the structural surface sample, and place the instrument;

(8) If the size effect of the structural surface sample is to be studied, after the structural surface sample is taken out in step (7), another target size structural surface sample is placed, and steps (2)-(7) are repeated, namely It can complete shearing in all directions of structural surface samples of different sizes.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention is simple in structure, small in size, easy to carry, easy to disassemble, and convenient to operate. It can be directly installed on the existing shearing instrument, and can achieve good results in fast and environmentally friendly installation of structural surface samples;

2. The present invention has relatively low requirements on the size of structural surface samples, and can install multi-sized structural surface samples, with a wide range of applications;

3. The present invention has a basic symmetrical structure with a stable structure and can achieve the purpose of quickly fixing the structural surface sample;

4. The present invention does not need to change the main structure of the shearing instrument, will not destroy the main functions and convenience of the original instrument, and can be perfectly combined with the original instrument, achieving the effect of environmental protection and reducing the test cycle, and increasing the structure The function of studying the anisotropic shear characteristics of surface samples is beneficial to scientific research and production design;

5. This method will not produce other solid waste except the structural surface sample itself, and saves materials, has good environmental protection effect, and can study the anisotropy of the structural surface sample and the shear characteristics of the size effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an environmental protection device for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a support frame in FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the linkage mechanism in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a wrapping mechanism in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the steering unit and the plate 1 in Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Please refer to Fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an environmental protection device for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples, including a steering unit 1, a support frame 2, a linkage mechanism 3 and a wrapping mechanism 4, the steering unit 1 is fixedly connected with a flat plate 5, and several strip-shaped grooves 51 are opened on the flat plate 5, and strip-shaped protrusions 21 corresponding to the strip-shaped grooves 51 are provided on the underside of the support frame 2. 5 and the support frame 2 are fixed together through the engagement of the strip-shaped groove 51 and the strip-shaped protrusion 21, the inside of the support frame 2 is connected to the linkage mechanism 3, and the wrapping mechanism 4 is fixed in the linkage mechanism 3, so The wrapping mechanism 4 wraps the structural surface sample 6 .

Please refer to Fig. 2, the support frame 2 includes a base 26, several uprights 22, ring beams 23, uprights 24 and bottom support plates 25, preferably, the number of uprights 22 is two, and the two uprights 22 are arranged symmetrically, the The strip-shaped protrusion 21 is arranged below the base 26, the upper end of the column 22 is affixed to the edge of the ring beam 23, and the lower end of the column 22 is affixed to the edge of the base 26, and the column 22 connects the base 26 and the ring beam. The beams 23 are affixed together, the vertical rod 24 is fixed in the middle of the base 26, the middle of the vertical rod 24 is provided with a nut (not shown in the figure), and the bottom of the bottom support plate 25 is fixed with the first screw 251, the first screw 251 is compatible with the nut, the position of the bottom support plate 25 is determined by the depth of the first screw 251 screwed into the nut, the deeper the first screw 251 is screwed into the nut, the bottom support plate 25 reaches the circle The farther the beam 23 is, the higher the structural surface sample 6 can be.

Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5, the relative positions of the flat panel 5 and the base 26 are provided with scale lines 211, and the indicated positions of the scale lines 211 correspond to the positions of the bar-shaped grooves 51 or the bar-shaped protrusions 21 one by one. The line 211 is more intuitive to understand the positions of the corresponding bar-shaped grooves 51 and the bar-shaped protrusions 21, and the several bar-shaped grooves 51 are distributed centrally symmetrically along the center of the plate 5, and the number of the bar-shaped grooves 51 is consistent with the The number of shearing directions of the sample 6 on the structural surface is adapted to the number. In one embodiment, the angle between the bar-shaped groove 51 and the space between the adjacent bar-shaped grooves 51 is 15°.

Please refer to Fig. 3, the link mechanism 3 includes four curved thin-walled plates 31, pulling screws 3111 and jacking screws 3121, the curved thin-walled plates 31 and adjacent curved thin-walled plates 31 are hinged by pins 310, and the pins 310 There are pulling screw holes 311 and jacking screw holes 312 perpendicular to its axial direction in the middle of the center, and the pulling screws 3111 and jacking screws 3121 are installed in the pulling screw holes 311 and jacking screw holes 312 respectively. In one embodiment In the jacking screw hole 312, the jacking screw 3121 is inserted to fix the wrapping mechanism 4 in the linkage mechanism 3, and a backing plate (not shown in the figure) is arranged between the jacking screw 3121 and the wrapping mechanism 4 to enlarge the top Into the stressed area of the screw 3121 on the wrapping mechanism 4, the column 22 is vertically provided with several auxiliary screw holes 221 adapted to the size of the pulling screw hole 311, between the auxiliary screw hole 221 and the pulling screw hole 221. Pulling screws 3111 are inserted into the screw holes 311 to fix the support frame 2, the link mechanism 3 and the wrapping mechanism 4 together. In one embodiment, three auxiliary screw holes 221 are symmetrically arranged on the two columns 22 along the vertical direction, and the three auxiliary screw holes 221 are equally spaced. The rod mechanism 3 is fixed at the position in the support frame 2. After the positions of the pulling screw 3111 and the jacking screw 3121 are determined, they are fixed by bolts 3112. The pulling screw 3111 can tighten the connecting rod mechanism 3 and fix the connecting rod. Mechanism 3 is on the column 22, and pulling screw 3111 has the function of jacking screw 3121 simultaneously, and there is backing plate (not shown in the figure) between wrapping mechanism 4, expands pulling screw 3111 above wrapping mechanism 4. Stress area.

Please refer to Fig. 4, wrapping mechanism 4 comprises several strip-shaped steel plates 41, and in described strip-shaped steel plates 41, all have through-holes (not shown in the figure) along the transverse direction, described several strip-shaped steel plates 41 are inserted through wire rope 42 A number of strip steel plates 41 are connected together in the through hole, and the two ends of the steel wire rope 42 are tightened by turnbuckle bolts 43. The quantity of the strip steel plates 41 is determined according to the size of the structural surface sample 6. By adjusting the strip steel plates The number of 41 realizes the tight wrapping of the structural surface samples 6 of different sizes.

Please refer to FIG. 5 , the base of the steering unit 1 is in the shape of a wedge, and is adapted to the shearing box of the shearing instrument.

After the shearing of the structural surface sample 6 in one direction is completed, the strip-shaped protrusion 21 is separated from the strip-shaped groove 51, and the support frame 2 is rotated so that the strip-shaped protrusion 21 and the next strip-shaped groove 51 are engaged. The shearing of the structural surface sample 6 in the next direction is realized, and then the shearing of the structural surface sample 6 in all directions is realized.

An environmental protection method for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples, comprising the following steps:

(1) Process the rectangular or circular structural surface sample 6 with multiple target sizes;

(2) Make the normal direction of the structural surface sample 6 upward, determine the quantity of the strip steel plate 41 in the wrapping mechanism 4 according to the size of the structural surface sample 6, and connect the strip steel plate 41 together with the steel wire rope 42 along the structural surface Wrap the side of sample 6 for a circle, and use turnbuckle bolts 43 to tighten the steel wire rope 42, so that the wrapping mechanism 4 is closely attached to the side of sample 6 on the structural surface;

(3) Place the wrapping mechanism 4 in the middle of the bottom support plate 25 of the support frame 2, rotate the first screw 251, so that the upper end of the wrapping mechanism 4 exceeds the ring beam 23 by 3 to 5 mm;

(4) Rotate the jacking screw 3121 and the pulling screw 3111 to fix the wrapping mechanism 4 in the link mechanism 3, at this time, rotate the inner bolt and tighten it, then rotate the outer bolt and tighten it, and fix it by the pulling screw 3111 On the support frame 2;

(5) Fix the support frame 2 and the direction adjustment unit 1 together by engaging the strip-shaped protrusion 21 of the support frame 2 in the strip-shaped groove 51 on the flat plate 5, and put it into the shearing instrument (not shown in the figure) out), the shearing in one direction of the structural surface sample 6 can be completed;

(6) After the shearing of the structural surface sample 6 in one direction is completed, the strip-shaped protrusion 21 is separated from the strip-shaped groove 51, and the support frame 2 is rotated to make the strip-shaped protrusion 21 engage with the next strip-shaped groove 51 , that is, the shearing of the structural surface sample 6 in the next direction can be realized, and then the shearing of the structural surface sample 6 in all directions can be realized;

(7) Remove from the outside to the inside, take out the structural surface sample 6, and place the instrument;

(8) If the size effect of the structural surface sample is studied, after the structural surface sample 6 is taken out in step (7), another target size structural surface sample 6 is put in, and steps (2)-(7) are repeated. , the shearing in all directions of the structural surface samples of different sizes can be completed.

The present invention is simple in structure, small in size, easy to carry, easy to disassemble and convenient to operate, can be directly installed on the existing shearing instrument, and can achieve good results in fast and environment-friendly installation of structural surface sample samples; The size requirements of the sample are relatively low, and structural surface samples of multiple sizes can be installed, and the application range is wide; the present invention has a basic symmetrical structure, and the structure is stable, and can achieve the purpose of quickly fixing the structural surface sample; the present invention does not need to change the shearing instrument The main structure of the original instrument will not destroy the main functions and convenience of the original instrument, and it can be perfectly combined with the original instrument to achieve the effect of environmental protection and reduce the test period, and increase the anisotropic shear characteristics of the structural surface sample Research functions to facilitate scientific research and production design.

In this article, the orientation words such as front, rear, upper, and lower involved are defined by the parts in the drawings and the positions between the parts in the drawings, just for the clarity and convenience of expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of the location words should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

In the case of no conflict, the above-mentioned embodiments and features in the embodiments herein may be combined with each other.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (10)

1. A device for environmental protection research on the shear characteristics of structural surface samples, characterized in that it comprises a steering unit, a support frame, a connecting rod mechanism and a wrapping mechanism, and a flat plate is affixed above the said steering unit, and said flat board There are several strip-shaped grooves on the top, and the several strip-shaped grooves are symmetrically distributed along the center of the plate. The number of the strip-shaped grooves is adapted to the number of shearing directions of the structural surface samples. The lower side of the support frame is provided with strip-shaped protrusions corresponding to the strip-shaped grooves one by one. The flat plate and the support frame are fixed together through the engagement of the strip-shaped grooves and the strip-shaped protrusions. rod mechanism, the wrapping mechanism is fixed in the connecting rod mechanism, and the wrapping mechanism wraps the structural surface sample, and the wrapping mechanism includes several strip-shaped steel plates, and the strip-shaped steel plates have through holes along the transverse direction. A plurality of strip steel plates are connected together by inserting steel wire ropes into the through holes, the number of the strip steel plates is determined according to the size of the structural surface sample, and the structural surface of different sizes is realized by adjusting the number of strip steel plates. For sample wrapping, after the shearing of the structural surface sample in one direction is completed, the strip-shaped protrusion is separated from the strip-shaped groove, and the support frame is rotated to make the strip-shaped protrusion engage with the next strip-shaped groove, that is, Realize the shearing of the next direction of the structural surface sample, and then realize the shearing of all directions of the structural surface sample. 2. The device for environmental protection research on the shear characteristics of structural surface samples according to claim 1, wherein the support frame includes a base, several columns, ring beams, vertical rods and bottom braces, and the strip-shaped The protrusion is arranged below the base, the upper end of the upright is affixed to the edge of the ring beam, the lower end of the upright is affixed to the edge of the base, the upright is affixed to the base and the ring beam, and the upright It is fixed in the middle of the base, a nut is provided in the middle of the vertical rod, and a first screw is fixed under the bottom support plate, and the first screw is adapted to the nut, and the position of the bottom support plate is determined by the first The depth to which the screw is screwed into the nut determines. 3. The device for environmental protection research on the shear characteristics of structural surface samples according to claim 2, wherein the relative positions of the flat plate and the base are provided with scale lines, and the indicated positions of the scale lines are in line with the bar grooves. Or the positions of the bar-shaped protrusions are in one-to-one correspondence. 4. The device for environmental protection research on the shear characteristics of structural surface samples according to claim 2, wherein the linkage mechanism includes four curved thin-walled plates, pulling screws and jacking screws, and the curved thin-walled plates It is hinged with the adjacent curved thin-walled board through a pin, and the middle part of the pin has a pulling screw hole and a jacking screw hole perpendicular to its axial direction, and the pulling screw and jacking screw are respectively installed in the pulling screw hole and the jacking screw hole. In the screw hole, a jacking screw is inserted into the jacking screw hole to fix the wrapping mechanism in the linkage mechanism. A backing plate is provided between the jacking screw and the wrapping mechanism. There are several auxiliary screw holes matching the size of the pulling screw holes, and pulling screws are inserted into the auxiliary screw holes and the pulling screw holes to fix the support frame, the linkage mechanism and the wrapping mechanism together. 5. the device of the environmental protection research structural surface sample shear characteristic according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the quantity of described upright column is two, and two upright columns are arranged symmetrically, and vertical direction is symmetrically arranged on two upright columns There are three auxiliary screw holes, and the three auxiliary screw holes are equally spaced. By inserting the pulling screws into the auxiliary screw holes at different positions, the position of the linkage mechanism fixed in the support frame is adjusted. The positions of the pulling screws and the jacking screws are After being determined, the pulling screw can tighten the linkage mechanism and fix the linkage mechanism on the column through bolts. The pulling screw also has the function of jacking the screw, and there is a pad between it and the wrapping mechanism. plate. 6 . The environmental protection device for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples according to claim 1 , wherein the two ends of the steel wire rope are tensioned by turnbuckle bolts. 7 . 7. The environmental protection device for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the base of the steering unit is wedge-shaped, and is compatible with the shear box of the shear instrument. 8. The environmental protection device for studying the shear characteristics of structural surface samples according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the strip-shaped groove and the adjacent strip-shaped groove is 15°. 9. A method for adopting the device environmental protection research structure surface sample shear characteristic according to claim 5, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Process rectangular or circular structural surface samples with multiple target sizes; (2) The normal direction of the structural surface sample is upward, and the number of strip steel plates in the wrapping mechanism is determined according to the size of the structural surface sample, and the strip steel plates are connected together with a steel wire rope and wound around the side of the structural surface sample. The steel wire rope is tightened by the turnbuckle bolts, so that the wrapping mechanism is closely attached to the side of the structural surface sample; (3) Place the wrapping mechanism in the middle of the bottom support plate of the support frame, adjust the height of the bottom support plate, so that the upper end of the wrapping mechanism exceeds the ring beam by 3-5 mm; (4) Rotate the jacking screw and the pulling screw to fix the wrapping mechanism in the linkage mechanism. At this time, rotate the inner bolt and tighten it, then rotate the outer bolt and tighten it, and then fix it on the support frame by the pulling screw; (5) Fix the support frame and the direction adjustment unit together by engaging the strip-shaped protrusions of the support frame in the strip-shaped grooves on the flat plate, and put them into the shearing instrument, that is, complete the orientation of the structural surface sample in one direction. cut; (6) After the shearing of the structural surface sample in one direction is completed, separate the strip-shaped protrusion from the strip-shaped groove, and rotate the support frame to make the strip-shaped protrusion engage with the next strip-shaped groove, that is, to realize the shearing of the structural surface. Shearing in the next direction of the sample, and then realizing shearing in all directions of the sample on the structural surface; (7) Remove from the outside to the inside, take out the structural surface sample, and place the instrument. 10. the method for environmental protection research structural surface sample shear characteristic according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, when the device research structural surface sample shear characteristic of described environmental protection research structural surface sample size effect, in step After taking out the structural surface sample in (7), put another structural surface sample of target size, repeat steps (2)-(7), and complete the shearing of structural surface samples of different sizes in all directions.