CN107166402A - 一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统及工艺 - Google Patents
一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统及工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107166402A CN107166402A CN201710392044.7A CN201710392044A CN107166402A CN 107166402 A CN107166402 A CN 107166402A CN 201710392044 A CN201710392044 A CN 201710392044A CN 107166402 A CN107166402 A CN 107166402A
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- water
- flue gas
- sewage
- gas
- dedusting
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- C02F2103/18—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the purification of gaseous effluents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统及工艺，其包括燃烧炉、降温除尘塔、水浴柜、喷淋塔、曝气微生物降解槽、活性炭吸附箱、微滤器、污水净化池和烟气排放口，系统中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂，所有的水体通过管道进入污水净化池，净化后进行中水回用，不外排。本发明采用降温、除尘、除二噁英、除异味的工序对焚烧烟气进行逐级处理，采用物理方法和微生物联合的方式处理烟气，可以深度去除垃圾焚烧产生的烟尘和二噁英，降低了生活垃圾处理的成本，达到了尾气达标排放和污水零排放，实现了生活垃圾焚烧的无害化处理。
Description
一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统及工艺
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种垃圾处理工艺和设备，尤其涉及一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系 统及工艺。
背景技术
[0002] 随着社会经济的发展，各种生活垃圾也急剧增多，已经开始逐渐影响到生态环境 了。目前城乡生活垃圾的集中处理方法主要有卫生填埋法、堆肥法、直接焚烧法和综合焚烧 处理法等。其中，堆肥法处理难度大，直接焚烧法污染大，应用很少;卫生填埋法应用比较 多，但缺点也很明显，选址难、投资大、无减量空间有限，并非长远的垃圾处理方法;综合焚 烧处理法相对考虑比较长远，但现有的垃圾综合焚烧设备造价高昂、运行技术要求高，投资 及运行费用很大，仅限于大中城市。而对于广大的乡镇、农村的分散低热量、高湿度的生活 垃圾，则缺乏一种投资及运行费用低的能够达到无害化处理要求的综合焚烧处理方法和设 备。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明为了克服现有综合焚烧处理方法的不足，提供了一种投资少、运行费用低、 无污染的村、镇级的小型垃圾综合焚烧无害化处理系统及工艺。
[0004] 本发明提供一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统，包括：
[0005] 用于对生活垃圾进行干燥并焚烧的燃烧炉；
[0006] 用于对生活垃圾燃烧产生的烟气进行快速降温除尘的降温除尘塔；
[0007] 用于对烟气进行水浴除尘的水浴柜；
[0008] 用于对烟气进行喷淋除尘的喷淋塔，喷淋塔的烟气出口处安装除雾装置；
[0009] 用于对烟气中的有机污染物进行微生物降解的曝气微生物降解槽；
[0010] 用于去除烟气中的水雾及异味的活性炭吸附箱；
[0011] 用于过滤烟气中的细微颗粒的微滤器；
[0012] 和，烟气排放口。
[0013] 进一步地，该系统所述降温除尘塔、水浴柜、喷淋塔、曝气微生物降解槽中用到的 水体均含有有机溶剂。
[0014] 进一步地，该系统还包括污水净化池，用于回收降温除尘塔、水浴柜、喷淋塔、曝气 微生物降解槽使用过程中产生的废水，污水净化池对水体净化后进行中水回用。所述污水 净化池主要起水体净化和培养微生物菌种的作用。整个装置中的水体均含有有机溶剂方便 溶解二噁英，所有的水通过管道进入污水净化池，污水净化池分为三段，前段沉淀、中段过 滤净化，后端进行中水回用。整套装置污水系统不外排，定期进行清理维护。
[0015] 进一步地，其中所述燃烧炉，分为上下两层，上层隔层主要用于垃圾的干燥；下层 为炉膛。生活垃圾首先置于燃烧炉内的隔层上，在垃圾焚烧的热量作用下进行干燥，干燥后 的垃圾再进入炉膛进行焚烧减量处理，从而保证燃烧效果。
[0016] 进一步地，其中所述降温除尘塔采用旋风除尘的方式，同时在顶部布置数个喷头 喷洒冷却水。所述降温除尘塔主要起快速降温并初步除尘的作用，为了限制二噁英的生成， 在顶部布置数个喷头喷洒冷却水，使烟气温度迅速降低从而避开二噁英的生成温度范围； 同时可以采用旋风除尘的方式，在烟气通过的同时进行初步的除尘处理。
[0017] 进一步地，其中所述水浴柜由隔板分成进气仓和出气仓两个空间，两个空间底部 相通但用水封住，在负压风机作用下使出气仓产生负压，使出气仓水面升高、进气仓水面降 低，烟气通过底部通道并过水从而达到降温除尘的目的，所述水浴柜的作用在于采用烟气 过水的方式对烟气进一步降温并水洗除尘。
[0018] 进一步地，其中所述喷淋塔采用单级或多级喷淋系统对烟尘进行充分喷淋除尘， 喷淋塔安装除雾装置。所述喷淋塔主要作用是深度除尘并除雾，采用单级或多级喷淋系统 对烟尘进行充分喷淋除尘，同时除雾装置去除烟气中混杂的雾气，便于后续曝气处理。
[0019] 进一步地，其中所述曝气微生物降解槽中的水体含有有机溶剂和微生物菌种。所 述曝气微生物降解槽主要作用是溶解分离烟气中的二噁英，并培养分解二噁英的菌种，进 行微生物降解。具体方式为，烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽，曝气微生物降解槽中 的水体含有有机溶剂和微生物菌种，在曝气过程中二噁英被含有有机溶剂的水体溶解分离 到水体中，溶解到水体中的二噁英在微生物作用下实现降解。
[0020] 进一步地，其中所述活性炭吸附箱主要作用为去除异味，活性炭吸附箱内部填满 微孔吸附材料活性炭或其他吸附材料，而两端留有一定空间方便烟气流动顺畅通过箱体， 在烟气通过箱体的过程中完全去除烟气中的污染物及异味。
[0021] 进一步地，其中所述微滤器，采用0.1微米的孔隙的微滤板作为过滤元件。所述微 滤器主要作用是过滤细微颗粒物，采用快速扣件进行安装固定，方便拆装，可经常换洗，通 过微滤器将烟气中的细微颗粒过滤掉，实现达标排放。
[0022] 此外，本发明还提供一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理工艺，包括如下步骤：
[0023] a)生活垃圾在燃烧炉内干燥并充分燃烧；
[0024] bl)燃烧产生的烟气进入降温除尘塔进行降温和初步除尘；
[0025] b2)将降温除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池；
[0026] cl)初步除尘的烟气然后进入水浴柜进行水洗除尘；
[0027] c2)将水洗除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池；
[0028] dl)烟气进入喷淋塔再次除尘；
[0029] d2)将喷淋除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池；
[0030] el)喷淋塔出来的烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽，分离烟气中的二噁英 并进行微生物降解；
[0031] e2)将曝气微生物降解槽中产生的污水回收至污水净化池；
[0032] f)活性炭吸附，烟气通过活性炭吸附箱去除水雾及异味；
[0033] g)过滤细微颗粒，烟气通过微滤器，将细微颗粒过滤掉；
[0034] hi)处理后的烟气实现达标排放，
[0035] h2)污水净化后进行中水回用。
[0036] 所述生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理工艺在对应生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统中的处 理过程为:生活垃圾在燃烧炉隔层上干燥后，进入炉膛充分燃烧;燃烧产生的烟气进入降温 除尘塔进行迅速降温限制二噁英的生成，并初步除尘;然后进入水浴柜进行水洗除尘;再进 入喷淋塔再次除尘;喷淋塔出来的烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽，溶解分离烟气 中的二噁英并进行微生物降解;烟气然后通过活性炭吸附箱去除水雾及异味;烟气最后通 过微滤器，将细微颗粒过滤掉，实现达标排放;系统中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂，所有的 水体通过管道进入污水净化池，水体净化后进行中水回用，不外排。
[0037]与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
[0038] 1 •本发明采用降温、除尘、除二噁英、除异味的工序对焚烧烟气进行逐级处理，分 离效果明显，尾气达标排放。
[0039] 2 •本发明采用物理方法和微生物联合的方式处理烟气，投资和运行成本低，适合 广大乡村规模推广。
[0040] 3 •处理过程中产生的污水自带净化装置，实现中水回用，不外排，没有二次污染。
附图说明
[0041] 图1是本发明生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统总体布局示意图；
[0042] 图2是本发明生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理工艺流程图；
[0043]图3是本发明生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统中水浴柜结构示意图；
[0044]附图标记：1 _燃烧炉、2_降温除尘塔、3-水浴柜、4-喷淋塔、5-曝气微生物降解槽、 6-活性炭吸附箱、7-微滤器、8-污水净化池、9-烟气排放口、101-燃烧炉隔层、102-燃烧炉炉 膛、301 -水浴柜隔板、302-水浴柜进气仓、303-水浴柜出气仓、304-水浴柜负压风机。
具体实施方式
[0045] 下面结合附图进一步阐述本发明，此处所描述的仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不 用于限定本发明。
[0046] 如图1所示，本发明提供的一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统，主要由燃烧炉（1)、 降温除尘塔⑵、水浴柜⑶、喷淋塔⑷、曝气微生物降解槽(5)、活性炭吸附箱(6)和微滤器 (7)依次连接而成，最后连接烟气排放口（9)。该系统还包括污水净化池(8)，用于回收降温 除尘塔⑵、水浴柜⑶、喷淋塔⑷、曝气微生物降解槽⑸使用过程中产生的废水。
[0047] 其中所述燃烧炉（1)，分为上下两层，上层隔层（1〇1)主要用于垃圾的干燥;下层为 炉膛（102)。生活垃圾首先置于燃烧炉内的隔层（1〇1)上，在垃圾焚烧的热量作用下进行干 燥，干燥后的垃圾再进入炉膛(102)进行焚烧减量处理，从而保证燃烧效果。
[0048] 其中所述降温除尘塔(2)采用旋风除尘的方式，在烟气通过的同时进行初步的除 尘处理；同时为了限制二噁英的生成，在顶部布置数个喷头喷洒冷却水，使烟气温度迅速降 低从而避开二卩惡英的生成温度范围。
[0049] 其中所述水浴柜（3)结构如图3所示，由隔板（301)分成进气仓（302)和出气仓 (303)两个空间，两个空间底部相通但用水封住，在负压风机(3〇4)的作用下使出气仓(3〇3) 产生负压，使出气仓(3〇3)水面升高、进气仓(3〇2)水面降低，烟气通过底部通道并过水从而 达到降温除尘的目的，所述水浴柜的作用在于采用烟气过水的方式对烟气进一步降温并水 洗除尘。
[0050] 其中所述喷淋塔(4)可采用单级或多级喷淋系统对烟尘进行充分喷淋除尘，同时 为了便于后续曝气处理，喷淋塔⑷必须安装除雾装置，去除烟气中混杂的雾气，所述喷淋 塔⑷主要作用是深度除尘并除雾。
[0051]其中所述曝气微生物降解槽(5)中的水体含有有机溶剂和微生物菌种。所述曝气 微生物降解槽⑸主要作用是溶解分离烟气中的二噁英，并培养分解二噁英的菌种，进行微 生物降解。具体方式为，烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽，曝气微生物降解槽中的水 体含有有机溶剂和微生物菌种，在曝气过程中二噁英被含有有机溶剂的水体溶解分离到水 体中，溶解到水体中的二噁英在微生物作用下实现降解。
[0052]其中所述活性炭吸附箱(6)主要作用为去除异味，活性炭吸附箱(6)内部填满微孔 吸附材料活性炭或其他吸附材料，而两端留有一定空间方便烟气流动顺畅通过箱体，在烟 气通过活性炭吸附箱(6)的过程中完全去除烟气中的水雾及异味。
[0053]其中所述微滤器(7)，采用0 • 1微米的孔隙的微滤板作为过滤元件。所述微滤器(7) 主要作用是过滤细微颗粒物，采用快速扣件进行安装固定，方便拆装，可经常换洗，通过微 滤器(7)将烟气中的细微颗粒过滤掉，实现达标排放。
[0054]所述污水净化池(8)，整个装置中的水体含有有机溶剂方便溶解二噁英，所有的水 体通过管道进入污水净化池(8)，水体经过净化后进行中水回用，不外排。
[0055]其中所述污水净化池(8)主要起水体净化和培养微生物菌种的作用。整个系统中 用到的水体均含有有机溶剂方便溶解二噁英，所有的水体通过管道进入污水净化池(8)，污 水净化池(8)分为三段，前段沉淀、中段过滤净化，后段进行中水回用。整个系统使用的污水 不外排，对系统定期进行清理维护。
[0056]如图2所示，本发明提供的一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理工艺，生活垃圾在燃烧炉 隔层（101)上千燥后，进入炉膛（102)充分燃烧;燃烧产生的烟气进入降温除尘塔(2)进 行降温和初步除尘;然后进入水浴柜⑶进行水洗除尘;再进入喷淋塔⑷再次除尘;喷淋塔 ⑷出来的烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽(5)，分离烟气中的二噁英并进行微生物 降解;烟气然后通过活性炭吸附箱(6)去除水雾及异味;烟气最后通过微滤器(7)，将细微颗 粒过滤掉，实现达标排放;系统中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂，所有的水体通过管道进入污 水净化池(8)，水体净化后进行中水回用。
[0057]对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在 不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。以上实施 例仅是示范性的，而不应看做限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限 定。
Claims (10)
1. 一种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理系统，其特征在于，包括： 用于对生活垃圾进行干燥并焚烧的燃烧炉； 用于对生活垃圾燃烧产生的烟气进行快速降温除尘的降温除尘塔； 用于对烟气进行水浴除尘的水浴柜； 用于对烟气进行喷淋除尘的喷淋塔； 用于对烟气中的有机污染物进行微生物降解的曝气微生物降解槽； 用于去除烟气中的水雾及异味的活性炭吸附箱•， 用于过滤烟气中的细微颗粒的微滤器； 和，烟气排放口。
2. 如权利要求1所述系统，其特征在于:所述降温除尘塔、水浴柜、喷淋塔、曝气微生物 降解槽中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂。
3. 如权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于:系统还包括污水净化池，用于回收降温除尘 塔、水浴柜、喷淋塔、曝气微生物降解槽使用过程中产生的废水，污水净化池对水体净化后 进行中水回用。
4. 如权利要求1所述系统，其特征在于:其中所述燃烧炉包括一个隔层，生活垃圾首先 置于隔层上，在生活垃圾焚烧的热量作用下进行干燥，干燥后的垃圾再进入炉膛进行焚烧 减量处理。
5. 如权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于:其中所述降温除尘塔采用旋风除尘的方式， 同时在顶部布置数个喷头喷洒冷却水。
6. 如权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于：其中所述水浴柜由隔板分成进气仓和出气 仓两个空间，两个空间底部相通但用水封住，在负压风机作用下使出气仓产生负压，使出气 仓水面升高、进气仓水面降低，烟气通过底部通道并过水降温除尘。
7. 如权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于:其中所述喷淋塔采用单级或多级喷淋系统 对烟尘进行充分喷淋除尘，喷淋塔的烟气出口处安装除雾装置。
8. 如权利要求1或2所述系统，其特征在于:其中所述曝气微生物降解槽中的水体含有 有机溶剂和微生物菌种。
9. 如权利要求1所述系统，其特征在于:其中所述微滤器，采用0.1微米的孔隙的微滤板 作为过滤元件。
10. —种生活垃圾焚烧无害化处理工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤： a)生活垃圾在燃烧炉内干燥并充分燃烧； bl)燃烧产生的烟气进入降温除尘塔进行降温和初步除尘； b2)将降温除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池； cl)初步除尘的烟气然后进入水浴柜进行水洗除尘； c2)将水洗除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池； dl)烟气进入喷淋塔再次除尘； d2)将喷淋除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池； el)喷淋塔出来的烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽，分离烟气中的二噁英并进 行微生物降解； e2)将曝气微生物降解槽中产生的污水回收至污水净化池； f) 活性炭吸附，烟气通过活性炭吸附箱去除水雾及异味； g) 过滤细微颗粒，烟气通过微滤器，将细微颗粒过滤掉； hi)处理后的烟气实现达标排放， h2)污水净化后进行中水回用。
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