CN107124181B - Injection locking frequency divider circuit with wide locking range - Google Patents
Injection locking frequency divider circuit with wide locking range Download PDFInfo
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- CN107124181B CN107124181B CN201710193235.0A CN201710193235A CN107124181B CN 107124181 B CN107124181 B CN 107124181B CN 201710193235 A CN201710193235 A CN 201710193235A CN 107124181 B CN107124181 B CN 107124181B
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
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- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
- Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency wireless receiver integrated circuits, and particularly relates to an injection locking frequency divider circuit with a wide locking range. The injection locked frequency divider includes: the frequency divider comprises an on-chip inductance-capacitance resonant cavity, a negative resistance circuit, a signal injection circuit (comprising a direct injection path and a tail current injection path), an adjustable inductance circuit for adjusting the self-resonant frequency of the frequency divider, and two isolation inductors for isolating the direct injection tube from the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity circuit and the adjustable inductance circuit. On one hand, the differential output signal of the preceding-stage VCO is effectively utilized in a double injection mode, and the injection energy and the injection efficiency are improved; on the other hand, the inductance value adjustable equivalent inductance circuit is introduced to adjust the self-resonant frequency of the injection locking frequency divider, so that the use of a variable capacitor with a lower Q value at high frequency is avoided, and the frequency division range of the injection locking frequency divider is further widened. Compared with the prior art, the invention can obviously improve the frequency division range of the frequency divider under the condition of ensuring equivalent power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency wireless receiver integrated circuits, and particularly relates to an injection locking frequency divider applied to a wireless receiver frequency synthesizer, which can be used for radio frequency signal receiver chips of technical standards such as wireless broadcasting, communication, global positioning and the like.
Background
In recent years, related fields such as wireless communication systems and the like are rapidly developed, a higher transmission rate and a larger signal bandwidth are an important direction of future development, and the performance of a radio frequency transceiver as a main part of the radio frequency transceiver directly determines the application prospect of the wireless communication system. As an important module of an rf transceiver, the performance of a frequency synthesizer determines whether the whole transceiver can work properly, so that the frequency synthesizer for providing a reference frequency with high precision and high stability is a difficult point of the whole design. The frequency divider is an important component of a frequency synthesizer circuit, and with the continuous development of a high-frequency broadband frequency synthesizer, higher requirements are also put forward on the design of the frequency divider, and the frequency divider for realizing high speed, wide frequency division range and low power consumption is inevitably required.
The present analog Frequency Divider mainly includes an Injection-Locked Frequency Divider (Injection-Locked Frequency Divider), a Regenerative Frequency Divider (Regenerative Divider), a Current Mode Logic Divider (Current Mode Logic Divider), and the like. The current-mode logic frequency divider has a large bandwidth but a low working frequency, the regenerative frequency divider has a high working frequency but a large power consumption, and the injection frequency divider has the characteristics of low power consumption and high working frequency, so that the injection locked frequency divider is widely applied to an ultrahigh frequency system, but the defect of a small frequency division range is a main factor for limiting the use range of the injection locked frequency divider, and therefore the design of the injection locked frequency divider with a wide locking range is a current research hotspot and difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an injection locked frequency divider with a wide locking range and adjustable self-resonant frequency.
The injection locking frequency divider provided by the invention adopts a double injection method and a method of reducing the capacitance connected with the source and the drain of the direct injection tube by using the isolation inductor, improves the injection energy and the injection efficiency, and simultaneously adopts the adjustable inductor circuit to realize the adjustment of the self-resonant frequency, thereby further widening the frequency division range of the injection locking frequency divider.
The circuit structure of the injection locked frequency divider provided by the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the injection locked frequency divider mainly comprises:
(1) an on-chip inductor-capacitor resonant cavity with high quality factor;
(2) a negative resistance circuit formed by cross coupling connection of 2 NMOS tubes;
(3) a signal injection circuit including a direct injection path and a tail current injection path;
(4) an adjustable inductance circuit for adjusting the self-resonant frequency of the frequency divider;
(5) and the two isolation inductors are used for isolating the direct injection pipe from the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity circuit and the adjustable inductance circuit.
In the invention, the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity is connected in parallel with the adjustable inductance circuit.
Further:
the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity is composed of a differential inductor L with a middle tap1And a parasitic capacitor C connected between two ends of the inductor3、C4Forming;
the negative resistance circuit connected with the positive feedback consists of 2 NMOS tubes M1And M2Cross-coupling;
the signal injection circuit adopts a double injection mode and comprises tail powerFlow injection pipe M3And a direct injection pipe M4，M3And M4The input signals are all in an alternating current coupling mode, and direct current biases are isolated by large resistors; the cross-coupled negative resistance transistors are connected in parallel at two ends of the direct injection tube to provide energy required by oscillation for the frequency divider.
The adjustable inductance circuit is composed of an inductor L with source electrode negative feedback4Cross-coupled tube M of5And M6The structure can be equivalent to a negative inductance and a negative resistance which are connected in parallel; negative feedback inductance L4Connecting tail current tube M7(ii) a By adjusting tail current tube M7The gate voltage of the transformer realizes the adjustability of the equivalent inductance value.
The isolation inductance is L2And L3Will be directly injected into the pipe M4And the inductor-capacitor resonant cavity circuit and the adjustable inductor circuit are isolated.
In the invention, the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity and the adjustable inductance circuit connected in parallel determine the self-resonant frequency of the injection locking frequency divider, and the self-resonant frequency can be adjusted by changing the negative inductance value connected in parallel, thereby widening the frequency division range; the signal injection circuit injects differential input signals through the tail current injection tube and the direct injection tube respectively, so that the injection energy is effectively improved; the isolation inductor reduces the capacitance connected with the source and the drain of the direct injection tube, and obviously improves the injection efficiency of the direct injection tube; the cross-coupled negative resistance transistors are connected in parallel at two ends of the direct injection tube to provide energy required by oscillation for the frequency divider.
The invention has the technical characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) the double injection mode effectively utilizes the differential output signal of the preceding-stage VCO and improves the injection energy;
(2) the isolation inductor reduces the capacitance connected with the source and the drain of the direct injection tube and improves the injection efficiency of the direct injection tube;
(3) the adjustable inductance circuit enables the self-resonant frequency of the injection frequency divider to be adjustable, simultaneously avoids the defect of low Q value of a variable capacitor under high frequency, and is beneficial to realizing the injection locking frequency divider with wide locking range and low power consumption;
(4) compared with the traditional direct injection type injection locking frequency divider structure, the frequency division range is improved by 75% under the condition of ensuring that the maximum power consumption is equivalent to that of the traditional structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wide-dividing-range injection-locked frequency divider according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 introduces a schematic diagram of a structure of an adjustable inductor circuit.
Figure 3 divider input sensitivity function curve.
Fig. 4 shows the output waveform of the frequency divider when the input signal frequency is 28GHz and the peak-to-peak value is 200 mV.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a wide lock-range injection locked frequency divider of the present invention.
Differential inductor L with center tap1And a parasitic capacitor C connected between two ends of the inductor3、C4Form LC resonant cavity and NMOS tube M1And M2The negative resistance formed by cross coupling provides the energy required by oscillation; differential injection signals from M3Pipe and M4Pipe injection, wherein M3The drain of the tube is connected with the cross coupling tube M1And M2Source (node V)c），M3The pipe both provides the tail current and injects the injection signal IN + into the node Vc；M4The tube is a direct injection tube, and its source electrode is connected with M1Drain of tube (node V)x+) The drain electrode of which is connected to M2Drain of tube (node V)x-) Injection signal IN-through M4The tube is directly injected into the resonant cavity, and the differential signal of the front stage is fully utilized in a double injection mode, so that the injection energy is improved.
Inductor L2Two ends are respectively connected with an output node OUT + and a node Vx+Similarly, inductance L3Two ends are respectively connected with an output node OUT-and a node Vx-. Inductor L2And L3Will be directly injected into the pipe M4Isolated from resonant cavity capacitance and adjustable inductance circuit due to direct injection efficiency and M4Tube source electrode (node V)x+) And drain (node V)x-) Parasitic capacitance of the capacitorThe smaller the capacitance, the higher the efficiency of direct injection, the isolation inductor L is added2And L3So that node Vx+And Vx-The capacitance of the capacitor is obviously reduced, and the injection efficiency can be improved, so that the frequency division range is effectively widened.
As the frequency increases, the Q value of the variable capacitor becomes a major factor limiting the Q value of the resonant cavity, and a decrease in Q value will cause an increase in power consumption. Therefore, in order to ensure low power consumption and further increase the frequency division range of the injection locking frequency divider, an adjustable inductance circuit is introduced to realize the adjustment of the self-resonant frequency. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a structure of an adjustable inductor circuit, a pair of cross-coupled NMOS transistors M5And M6Providing a negative resistance, M5And M6The source electrode of the transformer is connected with a differential inductor L with a middle tap4，M5And M6The drain electrode of the inductor is respectively connected with the node OUT + and the node OUT-, and the inductor L4Middle tap tail current tube M7Drain electrode of, M7Is connected with a control voltage Vctrl. Input impedance Z of adjustable inductance circuitin,parallalCan be written as a negative resistance RNIAnd negative inductance LNIForm of parallel connection, RNIAnd LNIThe expression of (a) is as follows:
the equivalent negative inductance L introduced by the adopted adjustable inductance circuit can be known from the formula (1)NIWith M5（M6) Transconductance g of the tubem5,6Changes by change, and equivalently negative inductance LNIAnd LC resonant cavity inductance L1In parallel, change LNIThe self-resonant frequency of the divider can be changed. By changing the tail current tube M7Is connected with a control voltage VctrlThe magnitude of the tail current is changed, and the transconductance g is further changedm5,6Equivalent negative inductance LNIAnd finally, the self-resonant frequency of the injection locking frequency divider can be adjusted. Meanwhile, the introduced parallel negative resistance R is known from the formula (1)NICan further maintain the self-oscillation of the frequency divider and reduce the pair M1And M2Tube transconductance requirements.
Simulation results of the frequency division sensitivity curve of the injection locked frequency divider in the above embodiment are given in fig. 3. From the results of fig. 3, the present invention improves the frequency division range of the frequency divider by 75% compared to the conventional structure while ensuring that the maximum power consumption is comparable to the conventional structure. The frequency divider output signal is shown in fig. 4 when the input signal frequency is 28GHz and the single-ended peak-to-peak value is 200 mV. The above examples demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A wide lock-range injection locked frequency divider circuit, comprising:
(1) an on-chip inductor-capacitor resonant cavity with high quality factor;
(2) a negative resistance circuit formed by cross coupling connection of 2 NMOS tubes;
(3) a signal injection circuit including a direct injection path and a tail current injection path;
(4) an adjustable inductance circuit for adjusting the self-resonant frequency of the frequency divider;
(5) two isolation inductors for isolating the direct injection pipe from the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity circuit and the adjustable inductance circuit;
the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity is composed of a differential inductor L with a middle tap1And a parasitic capacitor C connected between two ends of the inductor3Parasitic capacitance C4Forming;
the negative resistance circuit is composed of an NMOS tube M1And NMOS transistor M2Cross-coupling;
the signal injection circuit adopts a double injection mode and comprises a tail current injection tube M3And a direct injection pipe M4Current injection tube M3And a direct injection pipe M4The input signals are all in an alternating current coupling mode, and direct current biases are isolated by large resistors; cross-coupled NMOS transistor M1And NMOS transistor M2The direct injection tube is connected in parallel at two ends and provides energy required by oscillation for the frequency divider;
the adjustable inductanceThe circuit is composed of an inductor L with source electrode negative feedback4Cross-coupled tube M of5And cross-coupling tube M6The structure can be equivalent to a negative inductance and a negative resistance which are connected in parallel; source electrode negative feedback inductance L4Are respectively connected with a cross coupling pipe M at two ends5And cross-coupling tube M6Source electrode of (1), source electrode negative feedback inductance L4The middle tap of the tube is connected with a tail current tube M7A drain electrode of (1); by adjusting tail current tube M7The gate voltage realizes the adjustability of equivalent inductance value;
the isolation inductor is an isolation inductor L2And an isolation inductor L3Wherein the inductor L is isolated2One end of which is connected with a direct injection pipe M4Source electrode V ofx+Isolation inductor L2Is connected with the output OUT +, an isolation inductor L3One end of which is connected with a direct injection pipe M4Drain electrode V ofx-Isolation inductor L3The other end of the first and second inductors is connected with an output OUT-, an isolation inductor L2And an isolation inductor L3Will be directly injected into the pipe M4Is isolated from the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity circuit and the adjustable inductance circuit;
the inductance-capacitance resonant cavity and the adjustable inductance circuit connected in parallel determine the self-resonant frequency of the injection locking frequency divider, and the self-resonant frequency can be adjusted by changing the equivalent inductance value of the adjustable inductance circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710193235.0A CN107124181B (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2017-03-28 | Injection locking frequency divider circuit with wide locking range |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710193235.0A CN107124181B (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2017-03-28 | Injection locking frequency divider circuit with wide locking range |
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| CN107124181B true CN107124181B (en) | 2021-06-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111313892B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2023-07-28 | 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 | Wide locking range switchable dual-core injection locking frequency divider |
| CN111181363B (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-10-16 | 苏州纳芯微电子股份有限公司 | Isolated power supply circuit and control method thereof |
| CN110690897B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-05-30 | 西安电子科技大学 | Low-power injection locking frequency divider with wide frequency band locking range |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8044732B2 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2011-10-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Continuously tunable inductor and method to continuously tune an inductor |
| CN101777871A (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2010-07-14 | 复旦大学 | Injection locking frequency divider |
| TW201316676A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-16 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Injection-locked frequency divider |
| WO2013085966A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | Tensorcom, Inc. | An input resistance of a passive mixer to broaden the input matching bandwidth of an lna |
| CN102710260B (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2015-03-04 | 复旦大学 | Divide-by-four injection locked frequency divider circuit with low power consumption and wide lock range |
| CN103475310B (en) * | 2013-09-21 | 2017-01-11 | 复旦大学 | Low power consumption injection locked frequency tripler |
| CN103501175B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2016-02-10 | 清华大学 | A kind of millimeter wave phase-locked loop |
| CN103607201B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-06-01 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Injection locking frequency divider with wide locking range |
| CN106059578A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-10-26 | 清华大学 | Injection locking frequency divider circuit based on variable inductance value |
| CN106487382B (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2019-07-19 | 天津大学 | A kind of injection locking frequency divider of multimode frequency dividing |
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