CN107121275B - Rail fastening integration test experimental facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rail fastener comprehensive test experimental equipment, which relates to the technical field of rail transit, and comprises a support platform, a sleeper cap, a loading device and a control system, wherein the bottom of the sleeper cap adjusts the rotation angle of the sleeper cap through an angle adjustment mechanism, Sleepers and rails are placed above the sleeper cap, and the sleeper and rail are connected by fasteners; the loading device includes a vertical actuator and a longitudinal actuator, the vertical actuator is set above the sleeper cap, and the longitudinal actuator is set On the longitudinal side of the rail, the rail is loaded longitudinally and vertically through the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator. The ends of the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator are equipped with measuring ends, and the actuator ends It can be disassembled and replaced according to different measurement items; the angle adjustment mechanism, vertical actuator, longitudinal actuator and measuring end are all connected with the control system. The invention applies vertical static and dynamic loads of different magnitudes or frequencies to the steel rails, and adjusts the ratio of the vertical force and the lateral force acting on the steel rails.

Description

Comprehensive testing and experimental equipment for rail fasteners

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transportation, in particular to a comprehensive testing experimental equipment for rail fasteners.

Background technique

The fastener is an important part of the track structure, and its function is to maintain a reliable connection between the rail and the sleeper and prevent the lateral displacement of the rail, which has an important impact on the safety of the train and the comfort of passengers. When the loads acting on the rails are different, the stress state of the corresponding fasteners (such as bolt axial force, clip stress, fastener longitudinal resistance) will also change, which is an important factor for investigating the reliability of the fastener connection. index.

The magnitude or frequency of the load acting on the rail is different, and the combination of loads (vertical force, lateral force) will have a great impact on the stress state of the fastener. In order to simulate the real force of the rail and study the influence of these factors on the mechanical properties of the fastener, it is necessary to apply loads of different magnitudes or frequencies to the rail and set different load combinations to obtain a series of bolt axial force, elastic strip stress and buckle. piece resistance. There is also a certain correlation between the changes in the longitudinal resistance of the fastener, the axial force of the bolt, and the stress of the elastic strip. After obtaining the above measurement data, this correlation can also be reflected. These factors are very important to investigate whether the fastener connection is safe and reliable. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive fastener system testing equipment to conduct experimental research on fasteners.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a comprehensive test equipment for rail fasteners, which can apply vertical static and dynamic loads of different sizes or frequencies to the rails, and adjust the ratio of vertical force to lateral force acting on the rails.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A rail fastener comprehensive test experimental equipment, including a support platform, a sleeper cap, a loading device and a control system, an angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the sleeper cap and the support platform, and a sleeper and a sleeper can be placed above the sleeper cap The rail, the sleeper and the rail are connected by fasteners, the loading device includes a vertical actuator and a longitudinal actuator, the vertical actuator is arranged above the sleeper cap, and the longitudinal actuator is arranged on On the longitudinal side of the rail, the rail is loaded longitudinally and vertically through the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator. The end of the instrument can be manually disassembled and replaced according to different measurement items; the angle adjustment mechanism, the vertical actuator, the longitudinal actuator and the measurement end are all connected with the control system.

Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotating shaft, a motor, a lead screw and a supporting column, one end of the bottom of the sleeper cap is connected to the supporting platform through a rotating shaft, the other end of the bottom of the sleeper cap is provided with a guiding slope, and the supporting column It is arranged between the guide slope and the support platform, the support column is arranged at the end of the lead screw, and the output shaft of the motor drives the lead screw to perform telescopic movement through gear transmission.

Further, the motor is a stepping motor.

Preferably, a dial is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft, the dial is set on the supporting platform, and the rotating shaft is connected with the pointer.

Further, the longitudinal actuator is arranged at one longitudinal end of the rail, and a displacement sensor is provided at the other end of the rail, and the displacement sensor is connected to a control system.

Preferably, the control system includes a computer and a control cabinet, the measurement terminal is connected to the computer, the motor is connected to the computer and the control cabinet through a motor control wire, and the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator are The actuator wire is connected with the computer and the control cabinet.

Further, the control cabinet is also provided with a pressure display, and the pressure display is connected with a computer.

Preferably, both the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator are electro-hydraulic servo loading mechanisms, each including a hydraulic cylinder, an actuator, an electro-hydraulic servo valve and a sensor, and the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is in contact with the actuator. The moving cylinder is connected, the end of the moving cylinder is provided with a measuring end, and the hydraulic cylinder, electro-hydraulic servo valve and sensor are all connected with the control system.

Preferably, T-shaped guide rails are provided on the upper and lower sides of the support column, and T-shaped grooves that cooperate with the T-shaped guide rails are provided on the end surfaces of the support platform in contact with the support column and the end surface of the sleeper cap. With the cooperation of the T-shaped guide rail and the T-shaped groove, the longitudinal and lateral overturning of the sleeper cap can be prevented.

Preferably, the vertical actuator is set on the top plate, the top plate is set above the sleeper cap through four pillars, the longitudinal actuator is set on one side of the sleeper cap, and the longitudinal actuator The center line of the actuator and the center axis of the rail are in the same plane.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned technical solution are: the rotation angle of the sleeper cap is adjusted through the angle adjustment mechanism, the vertical and longitudinal loading of the rail is carried out through the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator, and the data is transmitted by the measuring terminal. to the control system. The invention uses the control system to apply vertical static and dynamic loads of different sizes or frequencies to the rail, adjusts the ratio of the vertical force and the lateral force acting on the rail, and then uses external instruments to measure the longitudinal resistance of the fastener, the friction coefficient of the rail surface, Bolt axial force, etc., can also measure the fastening force of the fastener and the pull-out force of the embedded part of the fastener.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rail fastener comprehensive test experimental equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between the support platform and the sleeper cap in Fig. 1;

In the figure: 1-vertical actuator, 2-actuator wire, 3-longitudinal actuator, 4-displacement sensor, 5-pressure display, 6-motor, 7-lead screw, 8-sleeper cap, 9-rotating shaft, 10-dial, 11-motor control wire, 12-computer, 13-measurement end, 14-support column, 15-T-type guide rail, 16-sleeper, 17-rail, 18-fastener, 19 - support platform, 20 - control cabinet, 21 - pillar, 22 - top plate, 23 - guiding slope.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1, 2, a kind of comprehensive test experiment equipment of rail fasteners adopted by the present invention comprises a support platform 19, a sleeper cap 8, a loading device and a control system. Angle adjustment mechanism, the sleeper 16 and the rail 17 can be placed above the sleeper platform 8, the sleeper 16 and the rail 17 are connected by a fastener 18, the loading device includes a vertical actuator 1 and a longitudinal actuator 3, The vertical actuator 1 is arranged above the sleeper cap 8, the longitudinal actuator 3 is arranged on the longitudinal side of the rail 17, and the vertical actuator 1 and the longitudinal actuator 3 are used to longitudinally and Vertical loading, the ends of the vertical actuator 1 and the longitudinal actuator 3 are in contact with the rail 17 through the measuring end 13, and the measuring end 13 can be manually disassembled and replaced according to different measurement items; The adjustment mechanism adjusts the rotation angle of the sleeper platform 8; the angle adjustment mechanism, the vertical actuator 1, the longitudinal actuator 3 and the measuring end 13 are all connected with the control system.

The present invention drives the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator to apply vertical static and dynamic loads of different sizes or frequencies to the rail through the control system, wherein the static load can be tension, pressure, vertical actuator and longitudinal actuator The measuring terminals at the end can be manually disassembled and replaced as required. There are three corresponding measuring terminals, namely tension terminals, pressure terminals and rail surface friction measurement terminals. Among them, the rail surface friction measurement terminals are provided with round There is a torque sensor placed in the center of the round wheel, which is connected to the computer of the control system and can feed back the torque information to the computer; among them, the longitudinal actuator placed at the longitudinal end of the rail exerts a longitudinal force on the bottom surface of the rail for Measure fastener resistance and rail surface resistance. When the rail is displaced, the round wheel rotates. The ratio of the torque value at this time to the radius of the round wheel is the rail surface friction value. The loading range is controlled by the control system from 0 to 200kN.

As a preferred structure, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotating shaft 9, a motor 6, a lead screw 7 and a support column 14, and one end of the bottom of the sleeper cap 8 is connected to the supporting platform 19 through the rotating shaft 9, and the bottom of the sleeper cap 8 The other end is provided with a guide slope 23, and the support column 14 is arranged between the guide slope 23 and the support table 19. The support column 14 is arranged at the end of the screw 7, and the output shaft of the motor 6 drives the screw 7 through gear transmission. Do stretching exercises. The lead screw meshes with the gear on the output shaft of the motor, and the rotation of the output shaft of the motor drives the lead screw to move forward and backward. When the lead screw moves forward, the angle of the sleeper cap increases. When the lead screw moves backward, the angle of the sleeper cap increases. get smaller.

Wherein, the motor 6 may preferably be a stepping motor. The stepper motor is fixed on the support platform below by four bolts, and forms a screw translation device with the lead screw, which can drive the lead screw to move back and forth. The computer of the control system controls the stepper motor through the stepper motor driver, and the computer sends pulse signals and direction adjustment signals to the stepper motor driver, thereby controlling the rotation position, speed and steering of the stepper motor, and realizing the angle control of the sleeper cap.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a dial 10 is provided outside the rotating shaft 9, and the dial 10 is arranged on a supporting platform 19, and the rotating shaft 9 is connected with a pointer. The angle value is engraved on the dial, and the pointer rotates together with the shaft of the sleeper bearing platform, and the value indicated by the pointer is the rotation angle value of the sleeper, so that the dial can check the actual rotation angle. The angle adjustment range controlled by the control system is 0-45°, and the angle adjustment accuracy is ±0.02°.

As a further preferred solution, the longitudinal actuator 3 is arranged at one longitudinal end of the steel rail 17, and the other end of the steel rail 17 is provided with a displacement sensor 4, and the displacement sensor 4 is connected to a control system. A longitudinal force is applied to the rail by a longitudinal actuator, and the longitudinal displacement of the rail is detected by means of a displacement sensor.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control system includes a computer 12 and a control cabinet 20, the measuring terminal 13 is connected to the computer 12, and the motor 6 is connected to the computer 12 and the control cabinet 20 through a motor control wire 11 , the vertical actuator 1 and the longitudinal actuator 3 are connected to the reducer 12 and the control cabinet 20 through the actuator wire 2 .

In addition, the control cabinet 20 is also provided with a pressure display 5 , and the pressure display 5 is connected to the computer 12 . The pressure indicator can be connected with the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator to visually display the vertical and longitudinal pressure values applied to the rail.

Wherein, both the vertical actuator 1 and the longitudinal actuator 3 are electro-hydraulic servo loading mechanisms. The electro-hydraulic servo loading mechanism can realize the fine-tuning of the load. When the loading value is close to the required value, the computer of the control system will send instructions to the electro-hydraulic servo valve, and the loading speed will be slowed down, thus realizing the fine-tuning.

The electro-hydraulic servo loading mechanism is controlled by the control system, and includes a hydraulic cylinder, an actuator, an electro-hydraulic servo valve and a sensor. The end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the actuator, and the end of the actuator is provided with The measuring head, the hydraulic cylinder, the electro-hydraulic servo valve and the sensor are all connected with the control system. The computer control system sends loading instructions to the electro-hydraulic servo valve, and continuously receives feedback information from the feedback system; the electro-hydraulic servo valve transmits the corresponding pressure and flow of oil to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder according to the signal sent by the computer. The barrel outputs force; the sensor is used to sense the force value and displacement information, and feed back the information to the computer through the feedback system. Among them, the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator are all controlled by a computer, and the control software is installed on the computer, and the required parameter values can be input, such as vertical and longitudinal loads, loading speed, loading frequency, etc.

To further optimize the above technical solution, T-shaped guide rails 15 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the support column 14, and the support platform 19 in contact with the support column 14 and the end surface of the sleeper cap 8 are provided with T-shaped grooves that cooperate with the T-shaped guide rail 15. The end of the lead screw drives the sleeper cap to rotate through the support column. Two T-shaped guide rails protrude from the upper and lower sides of the support column respectively. Sliding, the T-shaped guide rail below cooperates with the T-shaped slot track on the support table and slides along the T-shaped slot track. The design of the T-shaped structure makes the sleeper cap, the end of the lead screw and the supporting platform below the end form an integral and stable structure, which can prevent the sleeper cap from overturning forward and sideways.

Wherein, the vertical actuator 1 is set on the top plate 22, the top plate 22 is set above the sleeper cap 8 through four pillars 21, and the longitudinal actuator 3 is set on the side of the sleeper cap 8, so The central axis of the cylinder of the longitudinal actuator and the central axis of the rail are in the same plane.

In summary, the present invention has the following functions:

① Apply vertical static and dynamic loads of different sizes or frequencies to the rails, and realize automatic control by computer.

②Under a certain vertical load, the ratio (Y/Q) of the vertical force and lateral force acting on the rail can be adjusted, and the automatic control can be realized by computer.

③ When the above functions are realized, use external instruments to measure (with and without load) the longitudinal resistance of the fastener, the friction coefficient of the rail surface, the axial force of the bolt, and the stress of the elastic strip.

④ The present invention can also measure the fastening pressure of the fastener and the pull-out resistance of the embedded part of the fastener.

Working principle and operation steps of the present invention are as follows:

The vertical and longitudinal actuators of the electro-hydraulic servo loading mechanism are used to apply different loads to the rails. By changing the angle value of the sleeper cap, the ratio of the vertical force to the lateral force (Y/ Q). In this way, the effects of different Y/Q values and different loads on the stress state of the rail fastener, the longitudinal resistance of the fastener, the friction coefficient of the rail surface and the axial force of the bolt are studied.

The specific working steps are as follows:

(1) First place the track system, place the sleeper on the sleeper cap, and place the rail at a specific position on the sleeper. Make sure that the central axis of the rail is directly below the thrust bearing, and then install fasteners on both sides of the rail. The buckle force makes the fastener connect the sleeper to the rail.

(2) Open the software in the computer, input the angle value and angle adjustment rate in the angle adjustment module, and then click the "Start/Pause" button to start the stepping motor, the stepping motor drives the lead screw to move forward, and the front support column of the lead screw drives The sleeper cap rotates. When the rotation angle of the sleeper cap is close to the angle setting value in the computer, the sleeper cap rotation starts to enter the fine-tuning stage, and when the angle setting value is reached, the sleeper cap stops rotating.

(3) Enter the loading module, select the loading mode (static load mode or dynamic load mode), enter the loading information, and then click the "Start/Pause" button to start the actuator, and start loading the rail until the end.

(4) Use the above measurement system to measure and record the data.

(5) Change the pressure value and continue measuring.

(6) Change the angle value of the sleeper cap, and then repeat the above steps.

(7) The measurement is complete.

The present invention is used for comprehensive testing of rail fasteners, and the measurement contents include rail surface friction coefficient measurement, fastener resistance measurement, bolt axial force measurement, fastener stress state measurement, buckle pressure measurement and fastener embedded part pullout resistance measurement. The specific measurement method is as follows:

Rail Surface Friction Coefficient Measuring Device: Use the rail surface friction measuring end as the measuring end of the vertical actuator. The torque sensor at the center of the measuring head is connected to the computer, and the torque information can be fed back to the computer. The longitudinal actuator exerts a longitudinal force on the rail. When the rail is displaced, the round wheel rotates. The ratio is the rail surface friction value. The rail surface friction value divided by the load applied by the vertical actuator is the rail surface friction coefficient.

Fastener resistance measurement device: The fastener resistance test under the condition of no load is measured in accordance with the specification "Test Method for High-speed Railway Fastener System Part 1: Determination of Rail Longitudinal Resistance". The test process of fastener resistance under load is as follows: According to the formula: fastener resistance = total resistance value of the rail - rail surface resistance value, because the rail surface resistance value is measured by the above-mentioned rail surface friction coefficient measurement process. Therefore, only the total resistance value needs to be measured again. According to the fastener resistance measurement specification, the displacement sensor is fixed on the sleeper, and the sensor is connected to the rail. The longitudinal actuator applies tension to the rail until the rail slips or the tension value exceeds 4 times the performance of the fastener. The displacement sensor measures The relative displacement between the rail and the sleeper, the displacement sensor and the tension sensor in the longitudinal actuator will feed back the relative displacement and tension value to the computer, and the computer will automatically analyze the total resistance value, and will automatically run the above formula to calculate Fastener resistance of rails under different types of loads.

Bolt axial force measurement: see Figure 1, usually the rail 17 is fixed on the sleeper by fasteners 18, and the fasteners 18 are composed of spiral spikes, spring bars, gauge blocks, gauge baffles, under-rail pads, and flat washers , Insulation blocks, the bolt axial force measuring instrument used in the bolt axial force measurement is the bolt axial force tester, this instrument uses the ultrasonic principle to calculate the bolt axial force by measuring the strain of the screw spike; the fastener The stress state is mainly the stress distribution of the spring bar. This test content is measured by a three-dimensional optical strain measurement system, which can reflect the strain and stress distribution of the spring bar on the computer.

Buckle pressure measuring device: measure according to the specification "Test Method for High Speed Railway Fastener System Part 2: Determination of Assembly Buckle Pressure". When measuring the buckle pressure, place displacement sensors at the four corners of the rail to measure the vertical displacement of the rail, and then use a vertical actuator to apply tension to the rail until the backing plate under the rail can just be pulled out. After pulling out the backing plate under the rail, Unload until the average vertical displacement is zero, record the tension value P at this time, continue unloading to 0.9P, and then increase the tension value to 1.1P, the tension value P ₀ when the average displacement is zero is the buckle pressure value, The computer automatically calculates this value.

Measuring device for pull-out force of embedded parts of fasteners: measure according to the specification "Test Methods for High-speed Railway Fastener System Part 7: Test of Pull-out Resistance of Embedded Parts". Use the vertical actuator to apply vertical load to the fastener embedded parts pre-embedded in the concrete, and determine the pullout resistance of the embedded parts through the load holding capacity during the test and the state of the joint between the embedded parts and the concrete after the test force. This process requires the use of actuators and load cell devices.

The invention has a wide range of application, and is suitable for testing fasteners of any type by replacing different sleeper caps.

In the above description, many specific details have been set forth in order to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways that are different from those described here, and those skilled in the art can do without departing from the connotation of the present invention. By analogy, the present invention is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above.

Claims (8)

1. A kind of rail fastener comprehensive test experimental equipment, it is characterized in that: comprise support platform, sleeper cap, loading device and control system, be provided with angle adjustment mechanism between described sleeper cap and support platform, described sleeper cap Sleepers and rails can be placed above the platform, and the sleepers and rails are connected by fasteners. The loading device includes a vertical actuator and a longitudinal actuator, and the vertical actuator is arranged above the sleeper platform. The longitudinal actuator is arranged on the longitudinal side of the rail, and the rail is loaded longitudinally and vertically through the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator. The ends of the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator are both passed through the measuring end Contact with the rail; the angle adjustment mechanism, vertical actuator, longitudinal actuator and measuring end are all connected with the control system; The angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotating shaft, a motor, a lead screw and a supporting column. One end of the bottom of the sleeper cap is connected to the supporting platform through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the bottom of the sleeper cap is provided with a guiding slope. Between the inclined plane and the support platform, the support column is arranged at the end of the screw, and the output shaft of the motor drives the screw to perform telescopic movement through gear transmission; The upper and lower sides of the support column are provided with T-shaped guide rails, and the end faces of the support platform and the sleeper cap in contact with the support column are provided with T-shaped grooves that cooperate with the T-shaped guide rails; Use the above-mentioned comprehensive test equipment for rail fasteners to conduct comprehensive tests on rail fasteners. The measurement content includes measurement of rail surface friction coefficient, fastener resistance measurement, bolt axial force measurement, fastener stress state measurement, buckle pressure measurement and fastener pre-embedding. Part pullout force measurement. 2. The rail fastener comprehensive testing experimental equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the motor is a stepping motor. 3. The comprehensive testing experimental equipment for rail fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that: a dial is provided outside the rotating shaft, the dial is set on a support platform, and the rotating shaft is connected with a pointer. 4. The rail fastener comprehensive testing experimental equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the longitudinal actuator is arranged at one end of the rail longitudinally, the other end of the rail is provided with a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor and the control system connected. 5. rail fastener comprehensive testing experimental equipment according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described control system comprises computer and control cabinet, and described measuring end is connected with computer, and described motor is connected with computer and computer through motor control lead. The control cabinet is connected, and the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator are connected with the computer and the control cabinet through actuator wires. 6. The comprehensive testing experimental equipment for rail fasteners according to claim 5, characterized in that: the control cabinet is also provided with a pressure display, and the pressure display is connected to a computer. 7. The rail fastener comprehensive test experimental equipment according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the vertical actuator and the longitudinal actuator are both electro-hydraulic servo loading mechanisms, and both include hydraulic cylinders , an actuator, an electro-hydraulic servo valve and a sensor, the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the actuator, the end of the actuator is provided with a measuring end, the hydraulic cylinder, the electro-hydraulic servo valve and The sensors are all connected to the control system. 8. The rail fastener comprehensive test experimental equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: the vertical actuator is arranged on the top plate, the top plate is arranged above the sleeper cap through four pillars, and the longitudinal The actuator is arranged on one side of the sleeper cap, and the centerline of the actuator cylinder of the longitudinal actuator is in the same plane as the central axis of the rail.