CN107119859A - A kind of greening structure and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a greening structure and method. The structure comprises an overhead layer arranged on a greening construction site, a greening planting layer located on the top of the overhead layer, and a rainwater collection and treatment device installed in the overhead layer. The method is as follows: construct an overhead layer on the greening construction site; lay a waterproof layer, a waterproof protective layer, a drainage and storage system, a filter layer, a planting soil layer, and an irrigation system sequentially on the top of the overhead layer; install a set of Rainwater collection and treatment device, and connect the rainwater collection and treatment device with the drainage and storage system and irrigation system through pipelines; plant plants in the soil layer on the top of the overhead layer. The invention uses the overhead layer as a buffer layer, avoiding the damage to the structure of the greening construction site caused by the root growth and puncture of the greening plants; at the same time, a rainwater collection and processing device is arranged in the overhead layer to irrigate the greening plants. Greatly reduced, the required energy consumption is also greatly reduced.

Description

A greening structure and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of greening engineering, in particular to a greening structure and method.

Background technique

With the development of "high-rise and high-density" urban buildings, limited urban space is encroached, urban green space is occupied by high-rise buildings, and large areas of original ecological green space are drastically reduced, resulting in air pollution, traffic congestion, excessive noise, and With a series of problems such as waterlogging and heat island effect, the urban ecological environment is deteriorating; the pace of modern work and life is getting faster and faster, and the pressure is increasing. All these factors are harmful to human health, and have even threatened the survival and development of human beings. Therefore, human beings pay more and more attention to their own living environment.

The deterioration of the urban ecological environment is becoming more and more serious, and the direct way to solve this problem is to expand the green area. However, the urban space is limited. In the exploration process of urban greening construction, in order to make full use of various spaces to increase the green area, the phenomenon of "seeing and inserting green" can be seen everywhere. This is the roof greening that has recently emerged. Roof greening should not be narrowly understood as the greening of building roofs, but covers the roofs, terraces, roofs, balconies or large artificial mountains of various buildings, structures, bridges, etc. greening carried out.

Roof greening is not only an effective way to develop green space into the air, save land, and open up urban space, but also a perfect combination of architectural art and garden art. It plays a role that cannot be ignored in protecting the urban environment and improving the quality of the living environment. Roof greening can not only alleviate atmospheric dust and purify the air, but also protect the top of the building, prolong the service life of roof building materials, and can also insulate and cool down in summer, reduce the use of air conditioners, and save energy.

But compared with ground greening, the environment of roof greening is more special, and the problems it faces are more complicated.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a greening structure and method to solve the problems of plant roots piercing the roof waterproof layer and even damage the main structure of the building in the process of roof greening, avoiding the damage of the main structure of the building by the growth of plant roots, and reducing the irrigation of the roof. The head and energy consumption required for greening plants.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a greening structure, comprising an overhead layer arranged on the greening construction site, a greening planting layer positioned on the top of the overhead layer, and a rainwater collection and treatment device installed in the overhead layer, so The rainwater collection and treatment device is used to collect and preliminarily purify the rainwater discharged from the green planting layer, and the rainwater collection and treatment device also provides irrigation water to the plants in the green planting layer.

Optionally, the green planting layer is sequentially provided with a waterproof layer, a waterproof protective layer, a drainage and storage system, a filter layer, a planting soil layer and an irrigation system from bottom to top.

Optionally, the waterproof layer is sequentially laid with a common waterproof layer and a root puncture resistant waterproof layer from bottom to top.

Optionally, the drainage and water storage system is composed of a drainage aquifer, a drainage ditch, and a drainage pipe.

Optionally, the drainage and storage layer is composed of drainage boards that also have the function of water storage.

Optionally, the filter layer is laid with geotextiles capable of both water permeability and filtration.

Optionally, the planting soil of the planting soil layer is light planting soil.

Optionally, the irrigation system uses drip irrigation for irrigation.

To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a greening method, comprising:

Build an overhead floor on the greening construction site;

A waterproof layer, a waterproof protective layer, a drainage and storage system, a filter layer, a planting soil layer, and an irrigation system are sequentially laid on the top of the overhead layer;

A set of rainwater collection and treatment device is installed in the overhead layer, and the rainwater collection and treatment device is connected with the drainage and storage system and irrigation system through pipelines;

Plant plants in the planting soil layer on the top of the overhead layer.

Optionally, the step of installing a rainwater collection and treatment device in the overhead layer further includes: opening an overflow port on the rainwater collection and treatment device.

Compared with the prior art, the greening structure and method provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

(1) Carry out greening transplantation on the top of the overhead layer instead of directly on the greening construction site, and use the overhead layer as a buffer layer to effectively avoid the phenomenon that the roots of the greening plants grow and pierce the greening construction site of the house occur, and will not cause damage to the structure of the greening construction site due to the root growth and puncture of the greening plants;

(2) There is a rainwater collection and treatment device inside the overhead layer. When the rainwater purified by the device is used to irrigate the green plants on the roof of the overhead layer, the required conveying head is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption also greatly reduced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the greening structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the flow chart of greening method of the embodiment of the present invention;

In the figure, 1- the overhead layer, 2- the green planting layer, 3- the rainwater collection and treatment device, and 4- the greening construction site.

detailed description

The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to schematic diagrams. Advantages and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that all the drawings are in a very simplified form and use imprecise scales, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist the purpose of illustrating the embodiments of the present invention.

According to the relevant technical requirements, the root puncture-resistant waterproof layer needs to be laid before the greening of the building roof. However, because the root puncture-resistant waterproof layer has a certain life cycle, and the product quality and construction quality are not necessarily effective and reliable, it is impossible to completely eliminate the plant root system. Once the puncture phenomenon occurs, it will damage the waterproof layer of the building roof, and even damage the main structure of the building, resulting in large economic losses; when recycling the rainwater on the roof of the building, it is generally to drain the rainwater from the roof to the place In the rainwater collection and treatment device buried in the ground floor, basement or underground, it is transported to various water points through power when it needs to be reused. If the rainwater collected on the roof of the building is to be used for roof greening irrigation, it needs to be transported again. Roof, this method often results in a larger conveying head and consumes more energy.

In order to avoid the occurrence of the phenomenon that the roots of the greening plants grow through the waterproof layer of the roof and even the main structure of the building, the present invention proposes a greening structure and method: a layer of overhead layer is set on the greening construction site, and the overhead layer is used as a buffer Green planting is carried out on the top of the overhead layer; at the same time, in order to reduce the delivery head and energy consumption of irrigation water for green plants, a rainwater collection and treatment device is also installed in the overhead layer.

As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of greening structure provided for the present invention includes an elevated layer 1 arranged on the greening construction site 4, a greening planting layer 2 positioned at the top of the elevated layer 1 and a greening layer installed in the elevated layer 1 Rainwater collection and treatment device 3, the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 of the present invention is used to collect and initially purify the rainwater discharged from the green planting layer 2, and the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 of the present invention also provides irrigation to the plants in the green planting layer 2 use water.

Optionally, both the column and the top of the elevated floor 1 of the present invention adopt a reinforced concrete structure. Compared with the traditional wooden columns, stone columns, and brick columns, the columns of reinforced concrete structure ensure the firmness and reliability of the overhead layer 1, and at the same time, it is convenient to obtain materials, the construction technology is relatively mature, and the construction process is relatively simple; while the top of the overhead layer 1 is the pouring roof , not only the construction speed is fast, but also the structure is relatively strong, which can greatly enhance the load-bearing capacity of the top. The green planting layer 2 on the top of the overhead layer 1 can appropriately increase the planting soil or plant more plants within a certain range.

Optionally, the top of the overhead layer 1 is waterproofed, and a waterproof layer is laid. The waterproof layer is composed of a common waterproof layer and a root puncture-resistant waterproof layer, which can effectively protect the main structure of the overhead layer 1 and extend the use of the overhead layer 1. life. The ordinary waterproof layer can be paved with waterproof membranes made of asphalt, polymer modified asphalt or synthetic polymers. When doing waterproof membrane construction, after the base layer is cleaned, the reverse surface of the membrane and the base layer Brush the adhesive glue, paste and roll from far to near according to the good reference line, and finally do the seam closure inspection; the ordinary waterproof layer can also be painted by various waterproof paints, and the general paint Waterproofing is the method of "one cloth and two coats", that is, after cleaning the base layer, the paint is fully brushed once, and after drying and forming a film, a layer of glass fiber cloth matrix reinforcement material is laid, and a full layer of paint is applied on the flattened surface The paint is fixed, and the next paint application is carried out after drying. In addition, according to the relevant technical requirements, the total thickness of the waterproof coating film should be more than 3mm. The root puncture-resistant waterproof layer is arranged above the ordinary waterproof layer. Like the ordinary waterproof layer, the root puncture-resistant waterproof layer can use materials such as root puncture-resistant waterproof coils or root puncture-resistant waterproof coatings. Thickness and performance should comply with the current national industry standard "Technical Regulations for Planted Roof Engineering" JGJ155-2013 Section 4.3. If it is directly in contact with the ordinary waterproof layer, the two materials must be compatible. 30mm thick cement mortar isolation layer or other flexible effective isolation layer.

Further, in order to enhance the waterproof performance of the aerial layer 1 and protect the waterproof layer on the aerial layer 1, a waterproof protective layer is laid on the waterproof layer. The waterproof protective layer can protect the root puncture-resistant waterproof layer from being damaged by the upper greenery. For the lawn planting layer, the waterproof protective layer can be laid by non ^- woven fabric with a mass ≥ 300g/m2; the waterproof protective layer can also be cast by 1:3 cement mortar, and the thickness of the poured layer is about 20mm. For the planting layer of shrubs and trees, the waterproof protective layer should adopt a rigid protective layer, such as a 40mm thick reinforced fine stone concrete pouring layer.

Optionally, in addition to laying a waterproof layer and a waterproof protective layer, the green planting layer 2 used for planting plants in the present invention is also laid with a drainage and storage system, a filter layer, a planting soil layer and an irrigation system from bottom to top.

Optionally, the drainage and water storage system in the greening planting layer 2 of the present invention is composed of a drainage water storage layer, a drainage ditch, and a drainage pipe. Wherein, the drainage and water storage layer can be composed of drainage boards that also have the function of water storage, and the drainage water storage layer can not only intercept a part of rainwater but also discharge excess rainwater; a plurality of the drainage ditches are evenly distributed on the overhead layer 1 , the drainage channel is connected to the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 located in the overhead layer 1 through the drainage pipe, and the excess rainwater on the top of the overhead layer 1 is drained and stored in the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 .

Optionally, the filter layer in the greening planting layer 2 of the present invention is laid with a geotextile that can both permeate and filter, so that it can pass through rainwater and stop the plant root rot caused by water accumulation in the planting soil layer. It can prevent the loss of planting soil and maintain the stability of the planting soil layer.

Optionally, the planting soil of the planting soil layer in the green planting layer 2 of the present invention adopts light planting soils such as perlite, vermiculite, peat soil, pine needle soil or humus soil, and the planting soil adopts light planting soil , good air permeability and water permeability, not easy to harden, which is conducive to plant growth, and the planting soil is relatively clean and tidy, and also reduces the load of the overhead layer 1.

Optionally, the irrigation system in the greening planting layer 2 of the present invention adopts a drip irrigation method, that is, the water is dripped evenly and slowly into the soil near the roots of the plants through the dripper or the orifice on the capillary, and by means of The capillary force of the soil makes water infiltrate and diffuse in the soil, keeping the soil moisture in an unsaturated state, which greatly reduces the possibility of soil compaction and is beneficial to plant growth. Compared with sprinkler irrigation and infiltration irrigation, drip irrigation has high irrigation water utilization rate, low working pressure and low energy consumption.

Further, the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 of the present invention is respectively connected to the drainage and storage system and the irrigation system of the green planting layer 2 through pipelines, and the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 collects and stores the rainwater discharged from the drainage and storage system , and the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 also has the functions of filtering and purifying, which can precipitate, filter and purify the collected rainwater. When the plants planted on the green planting layer 2 need to be irrigated, the irrigation system in the green planting layer 2 of the present invention will extract rainwater from the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 and transport it to the plants for irrigation. The rainwater extracted by the irrigation system is filtered and purified by the rainwater collection and treatment device 3, so that the irrigation system is not prone to clogging; at the same time, the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 of the present invention is located inside the overhead layer 1, compared with the usual rainwater When the collection and treatment device 3 is arranged near the ground floor, the head required for the irrigation system on the top of the overhead floor 1 to extract rainwater is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced.

In addition, the present invention also provides a roof greening method, as shown in Figure 2, and in conjunction with Figure 1, the method includes the following steps:

Step 1, constructing a layer of elevated floor 1 on the greening construction site 4;

Step 2, laying a waterproof layer, a waterproof protective layer, a water drainage system, a filter layer, a planting soil layer, and an irrigation system sequentially on the top of the overhead layer 1;

Step 3, installing a set of rainwater collection and treatment device 3 in the overhead layer 1, and connecting the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 with the drainage and storage system and irrigation system through pipelines;

Step 4, planting plants in the soil layer on top of the elevated layer.

The greening method of the present invention uses the overhead layer 1 as a buffer layer, which can avoid the damage to the structure of the greening construction site 4 caused by the root growth and puncture of the greening plants; a rainwater collection and treatment device 3 is arranged inside the overhead layer 1, and the water passing through the When the rainwater filtered and purified by the device is used to irrigate the green plants on the top of the overhead layer 1, the required conveying head is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption is also greatly reduced.

Further, step 3 also includes: opening an overflow port on the rainwater collection and treatment device 3, and connecting the overflow port to the ground through a pipe. This measure can avoid damage to the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 caused by excessive rainwater collected.

In this way, the entire greening structure and method can fully ensure the water required for the growth of greening plants while removing excess rainwater: when it rains or irrigates, part of the rainwater flowing into the planting soil layer is absorbed by the planting soil and plant roots, and part of it is absorbed by the planting soil and plant roots. Then through the filter layer and be intercepted by the drainage and water storage system, the rest is diverted to the rainwater collection and treatment device 3; when the plant absorbs water, the root system of the plant first absorbs the water in the planting soil, and the When the water in the planting soil layer decreases, the intercepted water of the drainage and storage system will slowly infiltrate and supplement the water in the planting soil, which can meet the water required for plant growth in a short time; and when the water shortage of plants is serious, Then the water from the rainwater collection and treatment device 3 can be pumped through the irrigation system to irrigate the plants.

In summary, in the greening structure and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention, an elevated layer is set on the greening construction site, a green planting layer is arranged on the top of the elevated layer and a rainwater collection and treatment device is arranged in the elevated layer, The overhead layer is used as a buffer layer, which will not damage the structure of the greening construction site due to the growth and puncture of the root system of the greening plants; a rainwater collection and treatment device is installed inside the overhead layer, and the rainwater filtered and purified by the device is used for irrigation. When greening plants on the top of the storey, the required conveying head is greatly reduced, and the required energy consumption is also greatly reduced.

In addition, the aerial floor of the present invention can adopt a reinforced concrete structure, which has a relatively firm structure and good load-bearing capacity; a waterproof layer and a waterproof protective layer are also laid on the aerial floor of the present invention, which can improve the waterproof performance of the aerial floor and prolong its service life. The greening planting layer of the present invention is also provided with a drainage and water storage system and a filter layer, which can effectively retain part of the rainwater for plant growth needs, while getting rid of most of the rainwater, avoiding plant root system rot and overhead layer overload; planting of the present invention The soil adopts light planting soil, which is beneficial to plant growth and can reduce the load of the overhead layer; the irrigation system of the present invention adopts the drip irrigation method, which has high utilization rate of irrigation water, low working pressure and low energy consumption; the rainwater collection and treatment device of the present invention has Filtering, purification and other functions can preliminarily filter and purify rainwater, and will not block the irrigation system when used for irrigation; the rainwater collection and treatment device of the present invention is also provided with an overflow port, which can directly discharge excess rainwater to the ground along the pipeline, The rainwater collection and treatment device will not be damaged due to too much collected rainwater.

The foregoing are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the technical field, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, makes any form of equivalent replacement or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the present invention, which does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention. The content still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A kind of greening structure, it is characterized in that, comprise an overhead layer arranged on the greening construction site, a green planting layer positioned at the top of the overhead layer and a rainwater collection and treatment device installed in the overhead layer, the rainwater collection The rainwater collection and treatment device is used to collect and preliminarily purify the rainwater discharged from the green planting layer, and the rainwater collection and treatment device also provides irrigation water to the plants in the green planting layer. 2. The greening structure according to claim 1, wherein the greening planting layer is sequentially provided with a waterproof layer, a waterproof protective layer, a drainage and storage system, a filter layer, a planting soil layer and an irrigation system from bottom to top. 3. The greening structure according to claim 2, wherein the waterproof layer is laid with a common waterproof layer and a root-puncture-resistant waterproof layer sequentially from bottom to top. 4. The greening structure according to claim 2, wherein the drainage and storage system is composed of a drainage storage layer, a drainage ditch, and a drainage pipe. 5. The greening structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, the drainage and water storage layer is composed of drainage boards which also have the function of water storage. 6. The greening structure according to claim 2, wherein the filter layer is laid with geotextiles capable of both permeation and filtration. 7. The greening structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, the planting soil of the planting soil layer adopts light planting soil. 8. The greening structure according to claim 2, wherein the irrigation system uses drip irrigation for irrigation. 9. A greening method, characterized in that, comprising: Build an overhead floor on the greening construction site; A waterproof layer, a waterproof protective layer, a drainage and storage system, a filter layer, a planting soil layer, and an irrigation system are sequentially laid on the top of the overhead layer; A set of rainwater collection and treatment device is installed in the overhead layer, and the rainwater collection and treatment device is connected with the drainage and storage system and irrigation system through pipelines; Plant plants in the planting soil layer on the top of the overhead layer. 10. The greening method according to claim 9, characterized in that, the step of installing a rainwater collection and treatment device in the overhead layer further comprises: opening an overflow port on the rainwater collection and treatment device.