CN107117713B - Method for purifying riverside zone constructed wetland of cadmium-polluted irrigation water - Google Patents

Method for purifying riverside zone constructed wetland of cadmium-polluted irrigation water Download PDF

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CN107117713B
CN107117713B CN201710477531.3A CN201710477531A CN107117713B CN 107117713 B CN107117713 B CN 107117713B CN 201710477531 A CN201710477531 A CN 201710477531A CN 107117713 B CN107117713 B CN 107117713B
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wetland
river channel
river
irrigation water
cadmium
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CN107117713A (en
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陈心胜
黄道友
朱捍华
许超
李旭
谢永宏
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Institute of Subtropical Agriculture of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for purifying and treating a riverside zone artificial wetland of cadmium-polluted irrigation water, which comprises the following steps: A. selecting a place; selecting a river section with gentle water flow and closer distance to an irrigation water intake; B. reinforcing the river channel; the left side and the right side of the river channel are reinforced by grouted stones, so that the flood-running function of the original river channel is reserved; C. treating a bank slope; adopting a masonry retaining wall to perform foundation reinforcement on the left and right embankments; D. dredging a river channel; carrying out substrate transformation on the silt beach; E. filling a wetland bed; sequentially filling raw limestone, clinoptilolite, furnace slag, river sand and soil from bottom to top in a layering manner; F. building a new submerged dam; constructing an underground dam at the tail end of the artificial wetland, connecting a downstream river channel in sequence, and installing a prefabricated sand discharge hole in the middle of the underground dam; G. plant configuration; H. and (5) maintaining and managing the artificial wetland. The method has the advantages of no occupation of farmland, high removal efficiency, low operation cost, easy operation and management, and capability of meeting the requirement of purifying irrigation water sources in farmland heavy metal pollution remediation.

Description

Method for purifying riverside zone constructed wetland of cadmium-polluted irrigation water
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heavy metal pollution remediation and water purification treatment, and particularly relates to a method for purifying a riverside artificial wetland for treating cadmium-polluted irrigation water, which is suitable for remediation of heavy metal-polluted farmlands in south China.
Background
In 17 th 4 th month in 2014, the national soil pollution condition survey bulletin jointly issued by the ministry of environmental protection and the ministry of national resources shows that the standard exceeding rate of the soil point location of cultivated land in China is 19.4%, wherein the proportion of the slightly, moderately and severely polluted point locations is respectively 13.7%, 2.8%, 1.8% and 1.1%. Among them, the heavy metal pollution problem represented by cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium and the like is particularly problematicAnd (4) protruding. The sewage irrigation is considered to be one of important reasons for heavy metal pollution of soil and excessive heavy metal of crops such as rice and the like. According to the survey of the Ministry of agriculture on the national pollution irrigation areas, the irrigation period is about 140 ten thousand hm2The land area polluted by heavy metals in the sewage irrigation area accounts for 64.8 percent of the area of the sewage irrigation area. However, due to the wide pollution range of surface water or the lack of water resources, the use of polluted water sources for irrigation is not available. Therefore, the irrigation water source is purified by adopting proper technical measures, the heavy metal concentration of the irrigation water is effectively reduced, and the method is a necessary link for repairing heavy metal polluted farmland and realizing safe grain production.
The artificial wetland mainly comprises a substrate system and an aquatic plant system, and the sewage is treated through triple synergistic effects of physical, chemical and biochemical reactions of plants, substrates and microorganisms, so that the aim of purifying the sewage is fulfilled. Compared with the traditional chemical method or physical chemical method, the constructed wetland has the advantages of simple operation, low operation cost, environmental friendliness and the like, not only has good effect of removing heavy metal ions, but also avoids the problem of secondary pollution. However, the purification of polluted irrigation water by using artificial wetlands is still in the initial stage, and further research is needed in the aspects of wetland plant selection and configuration, adsorption matrix types and proportion and the like.
Through Chinese patent network and related thesis website retrieval, some reports about constructed wetland purification treatment of heavy metal polluted irrigation water are found at present. For example, the artificial wetland is found to be capable of efficiently reducing the mass concentration of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in yellow-leading irrigation water and farmland soil, namely 2012.48(5) of the university journal of Lanzhou (Nature science edition): 85-93'. In the 'system for treating domestic sewage in villages and towns' CN201610852550.5, the method adopts a composite planting soil layer, a heavy metal removal material layer, a medical stone layer, a gravel layer, a cobble layer and the like which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the removal rate of heavy metals can reach more than 95 percent, but the method has higher cost and is easy to cause the blockage of the artificial wetland; the artificial wetland treatment method for treating heavy metal wastewater of a factory is disclosed in '200910107815.9', but the method is relatively small in application range, small in water yield and difficult to meet the requirement of farmland irrigation water, and heavy metal ion wastewater is treated by using composite fillers such as volcanic rock, river sand and the like and aquatic plants; korean Jiang just et al in "a constructed wetland system for removing heavy metals in livestock and poultry breeding wastewater" [201410267948.3] mention that the breeding wastewater is purified by using a packed column with a packing layer, but the method basically belongs to a physical and chemical method, the packed column needs to be replaced in time, and secondary pollution is easily caused. Therefore, the establishment of a method for purifying the irrigation water polluted by the heavy metals such as cadmium and the like, which has high efficiency, low operation cost, simple operation and environmental protection, is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical difficulties of large occupied area, high cost, poor stability, easy secondary pollution and the like of the current cadmium-polluted irrigation water treatment, the invention aims to provide the method for purifying the riverside zone artificial wetland for treating the cadmium-polluted irrigation water, which does not occupy farmlands, has high removal efficiency, low operation cost and easy operation and management and meets the requirement of purifying irrigation water sources in farmland heavy metal pollution remediation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
a method for purifying and treating a riverside zone artificial wetland of cadmium-polluted irrigation water comprises the following steps:
A. selecting a place; the river section with gentle water flow, over 400 square meters river flood plain area (below 1500 square meters) and relatively close to the irrigation water intake is selected.
B. Reinforcing the river channel; and the left side and the right side of the river channel are reinforced by adopting masonry stones. Not only the flood-running function of the original river channel is kept, but also the washing of the artificial wetland substrate and the plants by the flood can be prevented.
C. Treating a bank slope; the left and right banks are reinforced by mortar masonry retaining wall, and the left and right banks are protected by chain ecological brick or turf.
D. Dredging a river channel; and (4) carrying out substrate transformation on the silt beach, and removing the surface silt with the thickness of 0-60 cm.
E. Filling a wetland bed; sequentially filling raw limestone, clinoptilolite, furnace slag and river sand with the grain diameter of 4-30mm from bottom to top in layers, wherein the thickness of each material layer is about 10cm, the total thickness of the filling layer is about 40cm, and then covering the upper layer with pollution-free paddy field soil or loam or soft clay soil with the thickness of about 20 cm.
F. Building a new submerged dam; and constructing an submerged dam at the tail end of the artificial wetland, and connecting a downstream river channel in sequence. The middle of the submerged dam is provided with a prefabricated sand discharge hole, and the middle of the submerged dam is provided with a lifting flat steel gate to control the water level of the wetland.
G. Plant configuration; and planting wetland plants with higher cadmium absorption and accumulation capacity, wherein the species are canna, reed, cattail, allium mongolicum and polygonum hydropiper. Is planted in a water and bank strip mode, and comprises polygonum hydropiper, allium fistulosum, aquatic canna, cattail and reed in sequence.
H. And (3) maintenance management of the artificial wetland: the water level of the wetland is controlled to be 10-30 cm, and the plants are harvested at the terminal stage of the growth of the plants. Lifting the gate once every week to flush sand and reduce river sedimentation.
Through above-mentioned technical measure, solved present occupation farmland, the treatment cost height that exist in cadmium pollution irrigation water purification treatment, the water yield is difficult to satisfy a large amount of demands of agricultural irrigation to the water yield, and causes technical difficulties such as secondary pollution easily, compares its beneficial effect with prior art and is:
(1) the application range is wide: the channel and river network in southern areas of China are spread by the star chess, and the river floodplains are widely distributed and have large areas. Therefore, the invention has wider application range.
(2) Low construction cost, low operation energy consumption and easy operation and management. The river floodbeach full-utilization system is mainly used for reforming the river floodbeach which is not fully utilized, does not occupy farmlands, and is low in cost. After the artificial wetland of the riverside zone is built, the aquatic plants are harvested and managed only by periodically flushing sand, and the operation, the maintenance and the management are easy.
(3) The cadmium removal efficiency of the irrigation water is higher. The method established by the invention is used for treating the cadmium concentration of 1.23 mu g L-1After the irrigation water is purified, the cadmium concentration of the effluent of the artificial wetland is reduced to 0.66 mu g L-1The removal rate of cadmium reaches 46.23%.
(4) Can effectively improve the ecological environment in rural areas. The artificial wetland of the riverside zone not only purifies the quality of irrigation water, but also forms an aquatic plant community with a good ornamental effect, can provide a good habitat for fishes, frogs and the like, and has a certain improvement effect on the ecological environment of rural areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a riverside zone constructed wetland for purifying cadmium-polluted irrigation water
FIG. 2 is a plan layout view of a riverside zone constructed wetland for purifying cadmium-polluted irrigation water
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an submerged dam
Wherein: 1 is a large dike, 2 is a revetment, 3 is a first retaining wall, 4 is a soil layer, 5 is a filling material layer, 6 is a wetland plant combination (wetland plants such as polygonum hydropiper, allium fistulosum, cattail and reed), 7 is a second retaining wall, 8 is a river channel, 9 is a submerged dam, 10 is a lifting flat steel gate, and 11 is a sand discharge hole.
Detailed Description
The applicant shall now make further details of the method of the present invention with reference to the example of the artificial wetland in riverside zone of the honor bridge community of north mountain county of Chansha county, Hunan province, in order to enable those skilled in the art to understand and appreciate the method of the present invention more thoroughly, and the following examples shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
a method for purifying and treating artificial wetland of riverside zone with cadmium-polluted irrigation water comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a place; a river section with relatively gentle water flow at the downstream of the Ronghe bridge is selected, the length of the river section is about 85m, and the area of a silt beach is about 600 square meters. The end of the wetland is provided with a water intake of an irrigation water source.
(2) Reinforcing the river channel 8; according to the water surface width in the dry season, along the contour lines of the left side and the right side of the river channel 8, the second retaining wall 7 is constructed by using hemp strip stones and M7.5 grouted stones according to the longitudinal slope 1/400, and the scouring of the artificial wetland by flood is prevented.
(3) Treating a bank slope; building a levee 1 on the left bank earthwork to prevent flood overflow, wherein the levee is 85m long, the section is 1m multiplied by 1.5m, and the left bank is integrally sloped at a ratio of 1: 0.7; the first retaining wall 3 is built on the right bank by adopting stone strips, the length is 85m, the section is 2.5m multiplied by 0.305m, and the linked ecological brick slope protection 2 is adopted.
(4) Dredging a river channel; and (4) carrying out substrate transformation on the silt beach, and removing the surface silt with the thickness of 0-60 cm.
(5) Filling a wetland bed; the wet land bed is sequentially filled with raw limestone, artificial zeolite, furnace slag and river sand layer by layer from bottom to top, the total thickness of the filling material layer 5 is 40cm, and the soil layer 4 with the upper layer of 20cm is filled with clean paddy soil.
(6) Newly building an underground dam 9; the submerged dam 9 is made of reinforced concrete cast-in-situ dam body. The dam length is 9m, wherein the right bank length is 6m, the dam height is 1.4m, the top width of the submerged dam 9 is 2m, the slope ratio of a downstream overflow surface is 1:0.7, a D600 prefabricated sand discharge hole 11 is arranged in the middle of the submerged dam 9, a lifting flat steel gate 10 is arranged in the middle of the submerged dam 9, the water level is regulated, the left bank length is 3m, the dam height is 0.7m, the dam top width is 2m, and the downstream river channel is connected in sequence.
(7) Plant configuration; the wetland area is about 600m2. The wetland plant combination 6 (wetland plants such as polygonum hydropiper, allium mongolicum regel, cattail, reed and the like) is planted in a water and bank strip shape.
(8) Maintenance management; the water level is controlled at 10-30 cm. The plants are harvested at the end of their growth. Lifting the gate once every week to flush sand and reduce river sedimentation.
The riverside artificial wetland established by the method runs for 2 years, the quality of inlet water and outlet water of the artificial wetland is sampled and analyzed in 1-12 months in 2016, the removal effect of cadmium in a water body is obvious, the average removal rate is 26.83%, the removal rate reaches 46.23% in 8 months with higher concentration of cadmium in the water body, and the total amount of cadmium input into a rice field through irrigation water can be effectively reduced.
Purification treatment effect of artificial wetland of Yangshan county, Beishan Zhenghengqiao riverside in Tao 1.2016 year 1-12 months on cadmium in irrigation
Figure BDA0001326653230000041

Claims (1)

1. A method for purifying and treating a riverside zone artificial wetland of cadmium-polluted irrigation water comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a place; selecting a river section with relatively gentle water flow, over 400 square meters of flood plain area and relatively close to an irrigation water intake;
(2) reinforcing the river channel; according to the water surface width in the dry season, along the contour lines of the left side and the right side of the river channel, a second retaining wall is constructed by using millstone and M7.5 grouted stones according to the longitudinal slope 1/400, the flood running function of the original river channel is reserved, and the artificial wetland matrix and plants are prevented from being washed by flood;
(3) treating a bank slope; building a levee on earthwork of the left bank to prevent flood overflow, wherein the levee is 85m long, the section is 1m multiplied by 1.5m, and the left bank is integrally sloped at a ratio of 1: 0.7; the right bank is built with a first retaining wall by adopting stone strips, the length of the first retaining wall is 85m, the section of the first retaining wall is 2.5m multiplied by 0.305m, and the slope is protected by adopting linked ecological bricks;
(4) dredging a river channel; performing substrate transformation on the silt beach, and removing surface silt of 0-60 cm;
(5) filling a wetland bed; sequentially filling raw limestone, clinoptilolite, furnace slag and river sand with the grain size of 4-30mm into the wet land bed from bottom to top in a layering manner, wherein the thickness of each material layer is 10cm, the total thickness of the filler layer is 40cm, and then covering the upper layer with pollution-free paddy field soil with the thickness of 20 cm;
(6) building a new submerged dam; constructing an underground dam at the tail end of the artificial wetland, connecting a downstream river channel in sequence, installing a prefabricated sand discharge hole in the middle of the underground dam, and installing a lifting flat steel gate in the middle of the underground dam to control the water level of the wetland;
(7) plant configuration; planting wetland plants with stronger cadmium absorption and accumulation capacity, wherein the species are aquatic canna, reed, cattail, allium mongolicum regel and polygonum hydropiper, and the plants are planted in a water and bank strip mode, and the sequence is polygonum hydropiper-allium hydropiper-canna, cattail and reed;
(8) and (3) maintenance management of the artificial wetland: the water level of the wetland is controlled to be 10-30 cm, the plants are harvested at the terminal stage of the growth of the plants, the gate is lifted once per week to flush sand, and the river channel siltation is reduced.
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CN109511496A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-03-26 沈阳农业大学 A method of the reduction Nitrogen of Rice leaching loss based on clinoptilolite
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CN115228921B (en) * 2022-06-14 2023-05-30 安徽大学 Method for repairing light and medium cadmium-polluted paddy field soil by utilizing polygonum hydropiper

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