CN107089045A - 一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品及其制作工艺 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品及其制作工艺 Download PDF

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CN107089045A
CN107089045A CN201710502010.9A CN201710502010A CN107089045A CN 107089045 A CN107089045 A CN 107089045A CN 201710502010 A CN201710502010 A CN 201710502010A CN 107089045 A CN107089045 A CN 107089045A
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董升顺
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ARTIE INDUSTRIAL CO LTD CHINA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02Organic
    • B32B2266/0214Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278Polyurethane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003Interior finishings

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品,包括皮革层,PU发泡料层,发泡料层置于皮革层上,在发泡料层内设置玻纤网格布,发泡料层上设置聚酯增韧透气层。发泡产品制作工艺:其步骤,1、制备模具,模具加热;2、将规定面积、尺寸、层数的网格玻纤布层和增韧透气复合材料卷好待用;3、将皮革平铺到下模;4、玻纤网格布铺设在皮革上,PU料注入模具;5、增韧透气复合材料覆盖在PU料上;6、合模保压发泡。在铺设之前玻纤织网成布,减少玻纤与PU发泡料使用量,产品密度由500 kg/m3降低至395‑392 kg/m3,约减重20%,提升了产品的力学性能,综合成本下降约25%,有良好的经济效益。

Description

一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品及其制作工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车内饰件制作领域,具体是指一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品及其制作工艺 。
背景技术
近年来,新能源客车在此大环境下迅速发展,行业对客车内饰的轻量化要求也越来越高。目前聚氨酯发泡的客车及公交车风道和行李架底板以其500kg/m3左右的密度在行业内轻量化方面具有一定的优势,目前行业所用的短玻纤增强,短玻纤在与PU料混合时是无序的,力学性能各向同性,无法最大化其纵向力学性能强度,不能满足市场需求,随着技术的进步,国家对环境保护的要求越来越高,客车内饰行业急需一种重量轻,性能好的聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品来达到各项需求。
在客车内饰行业,聚氨酯闭孔发泡技术在风道、行李架底板等产品上运用十分广泛,普遍的做法是使用PVC皮革为装饰底层,在PVC皮革上进行发泡,由于PVC皮革不透气,聚氨酯闭孔发泡产生的气体在产品表面极易产生空泡,需要修补,导致生产效率、产品质量降低,目前尚无解决这些问题的办法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术不足,提供一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品,使产品轻量化,性能更好。本发明所要解决的另一技术问题是提供了一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品的制作工艺,使得聚氨酯闭孔发泡产生的气体在产品表面不会产生空泡,不需要修补,提高了生产效率、产品质量。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品,包括皮革层, PU发泡料层,PU发泡料层置于皮革层上,在PU发泡料层内设置玻纤网格布,PU发泡料层上设置聚酯增韧透气层。
一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品的制作工艺:包括以下步骤, (1)、制备具有排气功能的模具,对所述模具加热; (2)、将规定面积、尺寸、层数的网格玻纤布层和增韧透气复合材料预先用设备卷好待用;
(3)、打开模具,将PVC皮革平铺到下模;
(4)、将玻纤网格布铺设在PVC皮革上,然后将PU料注入模具;
(5)、将增韧透气复合材料覆盖在PU料上;
(6)、合模保压发泡。
由于该聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品,在PU发泡料层内设置玻纤网格布,PU发泡料层上设置聚酯增韧透气层。不同于聚氨酯短纤喷射工艺,在PU发泡料层内设置长纤网格布铺设工艺,玻纤在铺设之前织网成布,在PU发泡料内以网格的形式存在,根据玻纤网格布力学性能各项异性的特点,使用玻璃纤维网格布代替短玻纤,最大化的利用玻纤的强度,并结合聚增韧透气复合材料的韧性,从而可在保证产品力学指标的同时减少玻纤与PU发泡料使用量,产品密度由500 kg/m3 降低至395-392 kg/m3,约减重20%,达到了产品轻量化的目的,力学性能各项异性,提升了产品的力学性能,从而达到强度更好,重量更轻的目的(详见表1);本发明的产品密度低,使用原料少,同时采用的玻纤网格布、增韧透气膜的成本低于PU发泡的原料及短玻纤的成本,综合生产成本下降约25%,具有良好的经济效益。
本发明采用增韧透气复合材料,该材料是由增韧树脂和透气微孔膜组成,增韧树脂可为产品带来强度,微孔膜带来透气性——微孔膜的孔径大于气泡(PU发泡时产生),小于PU料, 在制作工艺步骤5中, PU料注入模具后,将增韧透气复合材料覆盖在PU料上,聚酯增韧透气层在上模具下面,在上模具下面设有储气槽,上模具中设有排气管,排气管与大气连通,排气管通过集气孔与储气槽连通;在合模发泡时,通过模具及增韧透气复合材料的结合,具有排气结构的模具对PU发泡料施加压力,产品中气泡因模具压力及模温的驱动向PU料外移动,增韧透气复合材料将气泡与PU分离,气泡透过增韧透气复合材料后暂存于模具的储气槽,随着气体增多,逐渐向排气管移动,将发泡料里的气泡通过排气管压出,达到排气的目的。通过此过程,可有效的减少产品表面的空泡数量(详见表2),合格率上升78%,减少不必要的二次打磨、消泡工步,提高产品质量及生产效率。
表1-聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品力学性能指标
表2-新工艺实施前后产品空泡率对比
附图说明
图1是聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品结构示意图;
图2是排气模具结构示意图;
图3模具结构局部A放大图。
具体实施方式
参考图1、图2、图3,该聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品,包括皮革层7, PU发泡料层8,PU发泡料层8置于皮革层7上,在PU发泡料层8内设置玻纤网格布9,PU发泡料层8上设置聚酯增韧透气层10。玻纤网格布9可设置一层或多层。
一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品的制作工艺:包括以下步骤, (1)、制备具有排气功能的模具,对所述模具加热; (2)、将规定面积、尺寸、层数的网格玻纤布层和增韧透气复合材料预先用设备卷好待用;
(3)、打开模具,将PVC皮革7平铺到下模1;
(4)、将玻纤网格布9铺设在PVC皮革7上,然后将PU料8注入模具;
(5)、将增韧透气复合材料10覆盖在PU料8上;
(6)、合模保压发泡。
本发明采用增韧透气复合材料,该材料是由增韧树脂和透气微孔膜组成,增韧树脂可为产品带来强度,微孔膜带来透气性——微孔膜的孔径大于气泡(PU发泡时产生),小于PU料,聚酯增韧透气层10在上模具5下,在上模具5下面设有储气槽3,上模具5中设有排气管4,排气管4与大气连通,排气管4通过集气孔6与储气槽3连通。
所述的上、下模具上设有加热管2,提供发泡料发泡所需的环境温度,同时也升高了气体温度,与外界形成了温度差,加快了气体排出的速率,增加排气效率。
局部放大图2中,上、下模具5、1的挤压及模具加热具有的温度,PU发泡料8内的气体与外界温度形成一定的压差及温度差,发泡时闭孔PU料8产生气体被挤压到储气槽3,当储气槽3内中的气体过剩时,储气槽3中的气体通过集气孔6进入排气管4,将气体排至大气中。从而减小了产品空泡率。
本发明采用的具有排气结构的模具,为PU发泡所产生的气体提供排气通道,结合聚酯增韧透气复合材料排出PU发泡料产生的气体, 从而低降空泡率,减少不必要的修补工步,提高生产效率及产品质量。
实施例1
聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品的制作工艺,包括以下步骤:制备具有排气功能的模具,安装上下模,对所述模具加热; 将规定面积、尺寸、层数的网格玻纤布层和增韧透气复合材料使用专用工装裁切; 打开模具,将PVC皮革平铺到下模,打开下模吸真空装置,使皮革完全贴合模具;将一层玻纤网格布铺设在PVC皮革上;将PU料注入模具,再将增韧透气复合材料覆盖在PU料上;合模保压、发泡、固化,切割后得到产品,测得产品密度为395kg/m3 左右,拉伸强度为14Mpa左右,冲击强度为20KJ/m2 左右,弯曲强度为13.5MPa左右。
实施例2
聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品的制作工艺,包括以下步骤:制备具有排气功能的模具,安装上下模,对模具加热;将规定面积、尺寸、层数的网格玻纤布层和增韧透气复合材料使用专用工装裁切;打开模具,将带花纹PVC皮革使用工装到下模,用固定工装将PVC皮革与模具固定;将二层玻纤网格布使用工装铺设在PVC皮革上;将PU料注入模具,再将增韧透气复合材料覆盖在PU料上;合模保压、发泡、固化,切割后得到产品,测得产品密度为393kg/m3 左右,拉伸强度为14.5Mpa左右,冲击强度为21KJ/m2 左右,弯曲强度为13.5MPa左右。

Claims (2)

1.一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品,包括皮革层, PU发泡料层,PU发泡料层置于皮革层上,其特征是:在所述的PU发泡料层内设置玻纤网格布,PU发泡料层上设置聚酯增韧透气层。
2.一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品的制作工艺:其特征是:包括以下步骤, (1)、制备具有排气功能的模具,对所述模具加热;(2)、将规定面积、尺寸、层数的网格玻纤布层和增韧透气复合材料预先用设备卷好待用;
(3)、打开模具,将PVC皮革平铺到下模;
(4)、将玻纤网格布铺设在PVC皮革上,然后将PU料注入模具;
(5)、将增韧透气复合材料覆盖在PU料上;
(6)、合模保压发泡。
CN201710502010.9A 2017-06-27 2017-06-27 一种聚氨酯闭孔发泡产品及其制作工艺 Pending CN107089045A (zh)

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CN112537106A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-23 宁波耀众模塑科技有限公司 一种聚氨酯板材及其加工工艺和应用

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112537106A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-23 宁波耀众模塑科技有限公司 一种聚氨酯板材及其加工工艺和应用

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