CN107082722A - A kind of heavy metal-passivated calcium silicate fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of heavy metal-passivated calcium silicate fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107082722A CN107082722A CN201710292030.8A CN201710292030A CN107082722A CN 107082722 A CN107082722 A CN 107082722A CN 201710292030 A CN201710292030 A CN 201710292030A CN 107082722 A CN107082722 A CN 107082722A
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- Prior art keywords
- urea
- calcium silicate
- silicate fertilizer
- straw
- heavy metal
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of heavy metal-passivated calcium silicate fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the composition of raw materials of calcium silicate fertilizer by weight percent, including following components：Calcium silicates 60~65%, stalk chip 10~15%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10~15%, urea 7~10%, bentonite 3~5%.The present invention makes component mutually excite generation synergistic effects by the reasonable selection to raw material, forms a variety of negatively charged condensates, is conducive to the absorption of heavy metal to fix, and reduces the biological effectiveness of heavy metal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heavy metal-passivated calcium silicate fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to soil remediation field.
Background technology
Soil is valuable source for the survival of mankind, however, as social economy is fast-developing, this resource is subject to
Extremely serious destruction:Soil fertility declines increasingly, and heavy metal pollution increasingly sharpens, and has had influence on the sustainability sexual development of agricultural,
Also grain, the yield of vegetables and quality assurance needed for being depended on for existence to us constitute great threat.
In the case of increasingly being highlighted the problem of current farmland soil heavy metals pollute, because government, society pay high attention to
And attention, under the effort of numerous scientific workers, various control measures are continuously available exploitation.In-situ chemical passivating technique is because of it
It is easy to operate, can faster reduce the validity of heavy metal, mitigate biological toxic, and as applying more heavy metal at present
Treatment process.Its general principle is that a certain amount of passivator is applied into soil, utilizes the ionic state weight in passivator and soil
Metal produces the effects such as precipitation, absorption, complexing, and the heavy metal in soil is made a living by the higher Morphological Transitions of bioavailability
The relatively low form of thing utilizability, reduces the mobility and toxicity of heavy metal, it is to avoid the injury to human health.But using single
Passivating technique be still only rapid recovery heavy metal pollution of soil, prevent food heavy metallic poison " makeshift ", be one
The method for planting " treating the head when the head aches ".
Fertilising as one in agricultural production it is the most universal, be also a kind of mostly important yield-increasing technology measure, if can be by
It is blended in the current heavy metal pollution of soil governance process for being badly in need of solving, and will turn into a kind of cheap and have effective
The behave of " stage construction rehabilitating soil " ----i.e. by selecting suitable fertilizer variety, rational dose, it can be dropped with reaching
Effective content of beary metal, can ensure the nutrient supply and continuous production of crop again in low soil, so that it is guaranteed that Food output and matter
Amount safety.
CN105733592A discloses the soil conditioner and purposes of a kind of reduction heavy metal activity, and soil conditioner includes
The component of following parts by weight：20-80 parts of phosphate；10-100 parts of silicate；1-100 parts of the compound of sulfur-bearing or sulfydryl.For up to
To the effect of reduction heavy metal, add a certain amount of sulfur-bearing and sulfhydryl compound in formula, but sulphur and sulfhydryl compound easily by
The acid-base property of medium and the influence of oxidation-reduction potential, in the case of soil ph and Redox Condition are unfavorable, sulphur
With sulfhydryl compound can occur chemical change and lose its reduce heavy metal effect.
The content of the invention
Technical problem underlying solved by the invention be by the reasonable selection to particle calcium silicate fertilizer material constituent and its
Combination matching, machining manufacture and technique make produced product when being repaired for heavy-metal contaminated soil, can play drop
Low heavy metal-polluted soil activity, reduces plant absorption, eliminates murder by poisoning of the heavy metal to crop, and at the same time, supplements soil nutrient
With preservation of fertility.
The technical scheme is that there is provided a kind of heavy metal-passivated calcium silicate fertilizer, composition of raw materials by weight percent, is wrapped
Include following components：It is calcium silicates 60~65%, stalk chip 10~15%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10~15%, urea 7~10%, swollen
Profit soil 3~5%.
Preferably, the stalk is Rape Straw, cotton stalk and/or rice straw.
Preferably, the particle diameter of the stalk chip is 1~3mm.
Preferably, by weight percent, composition of raw materials is：Calcium silicates 65%, powder of straw 10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%,
Urea 10%, bentonite 5%.
Preferably, by weight percent, composition of raw materials is：Calcium silicates 65%, powder of straw 15%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%,
Urea 7%, bentonite 3%.
Preferably, calcium silicates 65%, powder of straw 12%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, urea 8%, bentonite 5%.
The present invention further provides the preparation method of above-mentioned heavy metal-passivated calcium silicate fertilizer, comprise the following steps：
1) potassium dihydrogen phosphates whole in composition of raw materials are taken and urea total amount 60-80% urea is accounted for, stalk are added to broken
In bits, stir and evenly mix, the regulation moisture content that adds water is 60~70%, stores up fermentation process 10-15 days, obtains mixed straw material；
2) calcium silicates and bentonite whole in composition of raw materials are taken, is added in mixed straw material, stirs and evenly mixs, mixed
Close material；
3) compound is granulated；The aqueous solution is made in remaining urea in composition of raw materials, in granulation process,
The aqueous solution of urea is injected in whole compounds, particulate Si calcareous fertilisers head product is made.
4) particulate Si calcareous fertilisers head product is dried below 70 DEG C, makes its water content control below 10%；Then lead to
Screening is crossed, below granularity 3mm particulate Si calcareous fertilisers finished product is obtained.
Preferably, step 3) in, compound is granulated using granulating disc or pair roller type extruding granulation equipment.
Preferably, step 4) in, what screening was obtained is more than 3mm and/or the particle return to step 3 less than 1mm) in made
Grain；
Preferably, step 4) in, particulate Si calcareous fertilisers head product is dried below 60-70 DEG C.
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate that the present invention is used is a kind of soluble acid salt, and phosphorus and potassium therein have very high work
Property, phosphorus and potassium nutrition element can be both provided, the part calcium silicates in dispensing can be activated again, negatively charged condensate is formed,
Be conducive to the passivation of heavy metal, making the supply of nutrient both has quick-acting, has long-term effect again, and have cushioning effect to pH.
The present invention forms a variety of negatively charged condensates using the interaction between raw material, strengthens to cation
Absorption and fixation, and raw material have " a thing multipotency ", the species of raw material can be reduced, cost is reduced, enhance product performance.This
Invention is combined administers the demand characteristics of reparation and crop to soil nutrient to heavy metal pollution of soil, reasonably from a variety of richnesses
Raw material components containing nutrient needed for crop, by scientific formula and advanced manufacturing process, reparation can be administered by being processed into
The functional particles silico-calcium fertilizer of heavy metal pollution of soil, so as to by conventional measures of fertilizer, realize " one action multiple-effect ", that is, leads to
Fertilising realization is crossed to the supplement of soil nutrient, improvement and the multinomial targets such as reparation are administered to heavy metal pollution of soil.
The present invention technical principle be, by reasonable selection can with heavy metal react acid phosphate (biphosphate
Potassium), calcium silicates, organic matter etc. as heavy metal-passivated main component, utilize what the potassium dihydrogen phosphate ionization in material was produced
Hydrogen ion makes part calcium silicates activation and the mineral nutrients activation of other components, the decomposition of organic matter stalk, conversion, makes insoluble
CaSiO3Surface be coated with the silicate ion produced by course of reaction and the phosphoric acid for the generation that reacted to each other by storeroom
Calcium surface is coated with phosphate anion, and makes organic matter-clay mineral (bentonite) polymeric isoelectric point in colloidality
Reduction, makes the increase of soil surface negative electrical charge, and then improve the crystallized ability of heavy metal after being manured into soil.Acid phosphate (phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium), calcium silicates, organic matter etc. by being mixed with a certain amount of other nutritional ingredients, apply contaminated by heavy metals again
After soil, while heavy metal in soil is passivated, the various nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, silicon can be provided for soil.This hair
In bright calcium silicate fertilizer, active SiO2：>=10%, total nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium) >=35%, the content of organic matter：7~10%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows, by the reasonable selection to raw material, component is mutually excited generation synergistic effects,
A variety of negatively charged condensates are formed, are conducive to the absorption of heavy metal to fix, the biological effectiveness of heavy metal is reduced.Simultaneously
Also the strong phosphorus of activity, potassium is bonded to polymer surfaces, improve the utilization rate as nutrient and long-term effect, and nutrient was both had
Quick-acting has long-term effect again.Raw material " a thing multipotency ", while enhancing product performance, reduce species, the reduction of raw material
Product cost.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
By weight percent, particle calcium silicate fertilizer material is composed of the following components：Calcium silicates 60%, powder of straw 15%, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium 10%, urea 10%, bentonite 5%, manufacturing process flow comprises the following steps：
1) straw (such as Rape Straw, cotton stalk, rice straw) is first ground into 1~3mm chips, it is standby；
2) whole potassium dihydrogen phosphates and part urea amount (account for urea total amount 70%) are added to obtained in matching
Stalk bits in stir and evenly mix, adjust its moisture content for 60~70%, store up fermentation 10-15 days, obtain mixed straw material.
3) mixed straw material and then by calcium silicates and bentonite by the mass fraction of proportioning is added to, passes through stirring mixer
Mixed.
4) compound made from above-mentioned steps 3 is put into granulating disc or pair roller type extruding granulation equipment, and will be surplus
Remaining urea is modulated into the aqueous solution, and during granulation or pair roller type extruder grain are rolled by disk, urea water is injected to
In whole compounds, particulate Si calcareous fertilisers head product is made.
5) by particle calcium silicate fertilizer head product made from above-mentioned steps 4 by 60~70 DEG C of low temperature dryings, its water content control is made
Then system is sieved below 10% by aperture for 1~3mm screening machine, and 1~3mm particulate Si calcareous fertilisers finished products are made and (are more than
3mm or particle less than 1mm are re-worked by above-mentioned technical process).
Effect test：Heavy metal-passivated particle calcium silicate fertilizer is (referred to as：Particle calcium silicate fertilizer, as follows) in heavy metal cadmium
Application effect in rice terrace：
First, experiment basic condition and method and conceptual design
1st, experimental field basic condition：Test site is located at Changsha Wangcheng area Qiao Kou towns, and soil types is Cenozoic deposits
The soil that thing is developed into, its soil pH value is 5.3, and the content of organic matter is 0.7gkg-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 188mg/kg, available phosphorus
The full cadmium amount 0.73mg/kg of 13.8mg/kg, available potassium 57mg/kg, slowly available potassium 219mg/kg, soil, effective cadmium amount is 0.476mg/
Kg, Pb in Soil amount 65.10mg/kg, effective lead amount 14.10mg/kg.
2nd, test method and conceptual design：Experiment is set to five processing by the difference of fertilization type：A1--- does not apply fertilizer
(CK)；A2:--- urea 350kg/hm2；A3--- potassium dihydrogen phosphates 350kg/hm2, A4--- urea 175kg/hm2+ biphosphate
Potassium 175kg/hm2；A5-particle calcium silicate fertilizer 350kg/hm2, each handle and be repeated 3 times, totally 15 cells, random district's groups arrangement is small
Area area 33.3m2.Experimental plot surrounding sets the wide protection rows of 2.5m.Routinely planting density plants hybrid paddy rice, and kind is excellent for gold
207.After plant maturation, its straw and the grain of rice are harvested, and is measured respectively in the straw and rice grain yield, seed of each processing
The content of effective cadmium in the content and soil of cadmium.
2nd, test results and analysis
1st, influence of the different fertilization to rice yield and straw yield：
Result of the test shows, using urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, particle calcium silicate fertilizer four
Processing is planted compared with control (not applying fertilizer), rice grain yield 0.42t.hm has been respectively increased-2、0.56t.hm-2、
1.00t.hm-2、1.09t.hm-2；It is respectively 0.59t.hm to increase production straw amount-2、0.95t.hm-2、1.59t.hm-2、1.84t.hm-2.(being shown in Table 1).
The rice yield and straw yield of the different fertilization of table 1
2nd, influence of the different fertilization to the effective cadmium of heavy metal-polluted soil, lead content：
The as shown by data of table 2：Using four kinds of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, particle calcium silicate fertilizer
Processing respectively than control reduction DTPA extract effective Cd amounts be 0.137mg/kg, 0.148mg/kg, 0.146mg/kg,
0.278mg/kg, reduces effective cadmium rate and is then followed successively by 28.8%, 31.09%, 30.67% and 58.4%；And extracted for DTPA
Effective Pb amounts reduction amount be respectively 0.67mg/kg, 2.27mg/kg, 1.69mg/kg, 6.91mg/kg, reduced rate is followed successively by
4.75%th, 16.10%, 11.99% and 49.01%.Effective cadmium in soil is wherein reduced with particle calcium silicate fertilizer, the effect of lead relatively shows
Write, be compared with a control, difference reaches (P ﹤ 0.01) level；Next to that the mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Fertilizer, difference reaches (P ﹤ 0.05) level；Urea is less obvious with contrast difference.
Influence (unit of the different fertilization of table 2 to the effective cadmium of soil, lead content：mg/kg)
3rd, in different disposal Brown Rice heavy metal cadmium content change：
It is multiple using urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate compared with control (not applying fertilizer) from table 3
Complex fertilizer, particle calcium silicate fertilizer reduce absorption of the paddy rice to cadmium, lead to some extent.Using urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea with
Cadmium, lead content in potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, four kinds of fertilizer of particle calcium silicate fertilizer, Brown Rice are reduced than control respectively
0.018mg/kg and 0.159mg/kg, 0.095mg/kg and 0.245mg/kg, 0.088mg/kg and 0.230mg/kg, 0.165mg/
Kg and 0.371mg/kg, significantly reduces cadmium, the lead uptake of Brown Rice.Particulate application calcium silicate fertilizer to Rice Absorbed Cadmium,
Lead amount is not compared with applying fertilizer, and reduced rate is analyzed up to 49.5% and 61.1% by LSD, and with other processing, difference reaches (P ﹤
0.01) level.
Influence (unit of the different fertilization of table 3 to the full cadmium of Brown Rice and full lead content：mg/kg)
Embodiment 2
Heavy metal-passivated particle calcium silicate fertilizer following components composition：Calcium silicates 65%, powder of straw 10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
10%th, urea 10%, bentonite 5%, manufacturing process flow step be the same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
Heavy metal-passivated particle calcium silicate fertilizer is composed of the following components：Calcium silicates 65%, powder of straw 15%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
10%th, urea 7%, bentonite 3%, manufacturing process flow step be the same as Example 1.
Embodiment 4
Heavy metal-passivated particle calcium silicate fertilizer is composed of the following components：Calcium silicates 65%, powder of straw 12%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
10%th, urea 8%, bentonite 5%, manufacturing process flow step be the same as Example 1.
Similarly, through overtesting, embodiment 2-4 effect is similar to the effect of embodiment 1.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of heavy metal-passivated calcium silicate fertilizer, it is characterised in that composition of raw materials by weight percent, including following components：Silicon
Sour calcium 60~65%, stalk chip 10~15%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10~15%, urea 7~10%, bentonite 3~5%.
2. calcium silicate fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the stalk is Rape Straw, cotton stalk and/or rice straw.
3. calcium silicate fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of the stalk chip is 1~3mm.
4. calcium silicate fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that by weight percent, composition of raw materials is：Calcium silicates 65%,
Powder of straw 10%, the % of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10, urea 10%, bentonite 5%.
5. calcium silicate fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that by weight percent, composition of raw materials is：Calcium silicates 65%, straw
Stalk powder 15%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, urea 7%, bentonite 3%.
6. calcium silicate fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that calcium silicates 65%, powder of straw 12%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%,
Urea 8%, bentonite 5%.
7. the preparation method of a kind of calcium silicate fertilizer as any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
1）Take potassium dihydrogen phosphates whole in composition of raw materials and account for urea total amount 60-80% urea, be added in stalk chip,
Stir and evenly mix, the regulation moisture content that adds water is 60~70%, stores up fermentation process 10-15 days, obtains mixed straw material；
2）Calcium silicates and bentonite whole in composition of raw materials are taken, is added in mixed straw material, stirs and evenly mixs, mixed
Material；
3）The compound is granulated；The aqueous solution is made in remaining urea in composition of raw materials, will in granulation process
The aqueous solution of urea is injected in whole compounds, and particulate Si calcareous fertilisers head product is made；
4）Particulate Si calcareous fertilisers head product is dried below 70 DEG C, makes its water content control below 10%；Then sieve is passed through
Point, obtain below granularity 3mm particulate Si calcareous fertilisers finished product.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3）In, squeezed using granulating disc or pair roller type
Pressure Granulation Equipments is granulated to compound.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4）In, the particle more than 3mm that screening is obtained is returned
Return step 3）It is middle to be granulated.
10. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 4）In, particulate Si calcareous fertilisers head product is existed
Less than 60-70 DEG C drying.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN111072430A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-28 | 南京化学工业园环保产业协同创新有限公司 | Heavy metal stabilizer for soil acidity and alkalinity improvement and use method |
| CN113617823A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-09 | 江西省科学院微生物研究所 | Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil |
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| CN107694532A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-02-16 | 河南永泽环境科技有限公司 | A kind of soil heavy mental adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN111072430A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-28 | 南京化学工业园环保产业协同创新有限公司 | Heavy metal stabilizer for soil acidity and alkalinity improvement and use method |
| CN113617823A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-09 | 江西省科学院微生物研究所 | Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil |
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Application publication date: 20170822 |