CN107080829A - 一种治疗哮喘的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗哮喘的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107080829A
CN107080829A CN201710290457.4A CN201710290457A CN107080829A CN 107080829 A CN107080829 A CN 107080829A CN 201710290457 A CN201710290457 A CN 201710290457A CN 107080829 A CN107080829 A CN 107080829A
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徐士魁
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗哮喘的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由麻黄、杏仁、蚯蚓、全蝎、川芎、川贝母、石膏、瓜蒌、海蛤壳、麦冬、五味子、干姜、玉竹、桑白皮、地骨皮、甘草、陈皮、半夏、紫苏子、桂枝、白术、人参、鸡内金、灵芝、紫苏叶按一定重量配比制备而成,本发明药物具有润肺散结,止嗽化痰,泻肺平喘,行水消肿,理气健脾的功能,用于治疗哮喘见效快、疗效好,不复发。

Description

一种治疗哮喘的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗哮喘的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
背景技术
哮喘是由多种细胞及细胞组分参与的慢性气道炎症,此种炎症常伴随引起气道反应性增高,导致反复发作的喘息、气促、胸闷和咳嗽等症状,多在夜间和凌晨发生,此类症状常伴有广泛而多变的气流阻塞,可以自行或通过治疗而逆转。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗哮喘的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗哮喘的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗哮喘的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择麻黄、杏仁、蚯蚓、全蝎、川芎、川贝母、石膏、瓜蒌、海蛤壳、麦冬、五味子、干姜、玉竹、桑白皮、地骨皮、甘草、陈皮、半夏、紫苏子、桂枝、白术、人参、鸡内金、灵芝、紫苏叶、厚朴、苦参、百部、射干、黄芩进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗哮喘。其中选用麻黄是因为其性味辛苦,温,入肺、膀胱经,有发汗,平喘,利水的功能,治伤寒表实,发热恶寒无汗、头痛鼻塞、骨节疼痛,咳嗽气喘,风水浮肿,小便不利,风邪顽痹,皮肤不仁,风疹瘙痒。选用杏仁是因为其性味苦,温,有毒,入肺、大肠经,有祛痰止咳,平喘,润肠的功能,治外感咳嗽,喘满,喉痹,肠燥便秘。选用蚯蚓是因为其性味咸,寒,入肝、脾、肺经,有清热,平肝,止喘,通络的功能,治高热狂躁,惊风抽搐,风热头痛,目赤,中风半身不遂,喘息,喉痹,关节疼痛,齿衄,小便不通,瘰疬,痄腮,疮疡。选用全蝎是因为其性味咸辛,平,有毒,有祛风,止痉,通络,解毒的功能,治惊风抽搐,癫癎,中风,半身不遂,口眼斜,偏头痛,风湿痹痛,破伤风,淋巴结结核,风疹疮肿。选用川芎是因为其性味辛,温,入肝、胆经,有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛的功能,治风冷头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,寒痹筋挛,经闭,难产,产后瘀阻块痛,痈疽疮疡。选用川贝母是因为其性味苦甘,凉,入肺经,有润肺散结,止嗽化痰的功能,治虚劳咳嗽,吐痰咯血,心胸郁结,肺痿,肺痈,瘿瘤,瘰疬,喉痹,乳痈。选用石膏是因为其性味辛甘,寒,入肺、胃经,生用有解肌清热,除烦止渴的功能,治热病壮热不退,心烦神昏,谵语发狂,口渴咽干,肺热喘急,中暑自汗,胃火头痛、牙痛,热毒壅盛,发斑发疹,口舌生疮,煅敷生肌敛疮,外治痈疽疮疡,溃不收回,汤火烫伤。选用瓜蒌是因为其性味甘、微苦,寒,归肺、胃、大肠经,有清热涤痰,宽胸散结,润燥滑肠的功能,治肺热咳嗽,痰浊黄稠,胸痹心痛,结胸痞满,乳痈,肠痈,大便秘结。选用海蛤壳是因为其性味咸,平,入手足太阳、阳明经,有清热,利水,化痰,软坚的功能,治热痰喘嗽,水肿,淋病,瘿、瘤,积聚,血结胸痛,血痢,痔疮,崩漏,带下。选用麦冬是因为其性味甘微苦,寒,入肺、胃、心经,有养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津的功能,治肺燥干咳,吐血,咯血,肺痿,肺痈,虚劳烦热,清渴,热病津伤,咽干口燥,便秘。选用五味子是因为其性味酸,温,入肺、肾经,有敛肺,滋肾,生津,收汗,涩精的功能,治肺虚喘咳,口干作渴,自汗,盗汗,劳伤羸瘦,梦遗滑精,久泻久痢;选用干姜是因为其性味辛,热,入脾、胃、肺经,有温中逐寒,回阳通脉的功能,治心腹冷痛,吐泻,肢冷脉微,寒饮喘咳,风寒湿痹,阳虚吐、衄、下血。选用玉竹是因为其性味甘,平,入肺,胃经,有养阴,润燥,除烦,止渴的功能,治热病阳伤,咳嗽,烦渴,虚劳发热,消谷易饥,小便频数。选用桑白皮是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、脾经,有泻肺平喘,行水消肿的功能,治肺热喘咳,吐血,水肿,脚气,小便不利。选用地骨皮是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、肝、肾经,有清热,凉血的功能,治虚劳潮热盗汗,肺热咳喘,吐血,衄血,血淋,消渴,高血压,痈肿,恶疮。选用甘草是因为其性味甘平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能,炙用治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊痈,生用治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。选用陈皮是因为其性味苦、辛,温,归肺、脾经,有理气健脾,燥湿化痰的功能,治胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。选用半夏是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,入脾、胃经,有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结的功能,治湿痰冷饮,呕吐,反胃,咳喘痰多,胸膈胀满,痰厥头痛,头晕不眠,外消痈肿。选用紫苏子是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、大肠经,有下气,消痰,润肺,宽肠的功能,治咳逆,痰喘,气滞,便秘。选用桂枝是因为其性味辛甘,温,入膀胱、心、肺经,有发汗解肌,温经通脉的功能,治风寒表证,肩背肢节酸疼,胸痹痰饮,经闭癥瘕。选用白术是因为其性味苦甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中的功能,治脾胃气弱,不思饮食,倦怠少气,虚胀,泄泻,痰饮,水肿,黄疸,湿痹,小便不利,头晕,自汗,胎气不安。选用人参是因为其性味甘微甘,温,入脾、肺经,有大补元气,固脱生津,安神的功能,治劳伤虚损,食少,倦怠,反胃吐食,大便滑泄,虚咳喘促,自汗暴脱,惊悸,健忘,眩晕头痛,阳萎,尿频,消渴,妇女崩漏,小儿慢惊及久虚不复,一切气血津液不足之症。选用鸡内金是因为其性味甘,平,入脾、胃经,有治积滞,健脾胃的功能,治食积胀满,呕吐反胃,泻痢,疳积,消渴,遗溺,喉痹乳蛾,牙疳口疮。选用灵芝是因为其性味甘,平,归心、肺、肝、肾经,有补气安神,止咳平喘的功能,治眩晕不眠,心悸气短,虚劳咳喘。选用紫苏叶是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、脾经,有发表,散寒,理气,和营的功能,治感冒风寒,恶寒发热,咳嗽,气喘,胸腹胀满,胎动不安,并能解鱼蟹毒。选用厚朴是因为其性味苦辛,温,入脾、胃、大肠经,有温中,下气,燥湿,消痰的功能,治胸腹痞满胀痛,反胃、呕吐,宿食不消,痰饮喘咳,寒湿泻痢。选用苦参是因为其性味苦,寒,入肝、肾、大肠、小肠经,有清热,燥湿,杀虫的功能,治热毒血痢,肠风下血,黄疸,赤白带下,小儿肺炎,疳积,急性扁桃体炎,痔漏,脱肛,皮肤瘙痒,阴疮湿痒,瘰疬,烫伤。选用百部是因为其性味甘苦,微温,入肺经,有温润肺气,止咳,杀虫的功能,治风寒咳嗽,百日咳,肺结核,老年咳喘、蛔虫、蛲虫病,皮肤疥癣、湿疹。选用射干是因为其性味苦,寒,有毒,入肺、肝经,有降火,解毒,散血,消痰的功能,治喉痹咽痛,咳逆上气,痰涎壅盛,瘰疬结核,疟母,妇女经闭,痈肿疮毒。选用黄芩是因为其性味苦,寒,入心、肺、胆、大肠经,有泻实火,除湿热,止血,安胎的功能,治壮热烦渴,肺热咳嗽,湿热泻痢,黄疸,热淋,吐、衄、崩、漏,目赤肿痛,胎动不安,痈肿疔疮。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
麻黄6-10克,杏仁5-15克,蚯蚓5-15克,全蝎5-8克,川芎5-15克,川贝母5-15克,石膏5-15克,瓜蒌5-15克,海蛤壳5-15克,麦冬5-15克,五味子5-15克,干姜5-15克,玉竹5-15克,桑白皮5-15克,地骨皮5-15克,甘草4-8克,陈皮5-15克,半夏5-15克,紫苏子5-15克,桂枝4-8克,白术4-8克,人参4-8克,鸡内金5-15克,灵芝4-8克,紫苏叶4-8克,厚朴2-6克,苦参5-15克,百部5-15克,射干5-15克,黄芩5-15克。
优选为:
麻黄8克,杏仁10克,蚯蚓10克,全蝎8克,川芎10克,川贝母10克,石膏10克,瓜蒌10克,海蛤壳10克,麦冬10克,五味子10克,干姜10克,玉竹10克,桑白皮10克,地骨皮10克,甘草6克,陈皮10克,半夏10克,紫苏子10克,桂枝6克,白术6克,人参6克,鸡内金10克,灵芝6克,紫苏叶6克,厚朴4克,苦参10克,百部10克,射干10克,黄芩10克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、麻黄:拣去杂质,去尽木质茎及残根,用水洗净,微润后切段,干燥即得;
2、杏仁:拣净杂质,置沸水中略煮,俟皮微皱起捞出,浸凉水中,脱去种皮,晒干,簸净;
3、蚯蚓:拣去杂质,用水漂净,及时捞出,晒干,切段;
4、全蝎:清水漂去盐质,晒干,或微火焙用;
5、川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
6、川贝母:拣去杂质,用水稍泡,捞出,闷润,剥去心,晒干;
7、生石膏:去净杂石,洗净泥土,打碎成小块;
8、瓜蒌:取原药材,除去杂质及果柄,洗净,压扁,切丝或小块,干燥;
9、海蛤壳:洗净、晒干,碾成碎块;
10、麦冬:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后抽去心,再洗净晒干;
11、五味子:筛去灰屑,除去杂质,置蒸笼内蒸透,取出晒干;
12、干姜:拣净杂质,用水浸泡3—6小时,捞出,闷润后切片或切成小方块,晒干;
13、玉竹:除去杂质,洗净泥土,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片,晒干;
14、桑白皮:刷去灰屑,洗净,润透后切丝,晒干;
15、地骨皮:拣去杂质及木心,略洗,切段,晒干;
16、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,晾干;
17、陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
18、半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
19、紫苏子:簸去灰屑,洗净,晒干;
20、桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
21、白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
22、人参:除去芦头,切段即可;
23、鸡内金:拣去杂质,漂净晒干;
24、灵芝:除去杂质,洗净,润软,切厚片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
25、紫苏叶:拣净杂质,晒干;
26、厚朴:用水浸泡捞出,润透后刮去粗皮,洗净,切丝,晾干;
27、苦参:拣净杂质,除去残茎,洗净泥土,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
28、百部:拣净杂质,除去须根,洗净,润透后切段,晒干;
29、射干:拣去杂质,水洗净,稍浸泡,捞出,润透,切片,晒干,筛去须、屑;
30、黄芩:拣去杂质,除去残茎,用凉水浸润或置开水中稍浸捞出,润透后切片晒干,注意避免曝晒过度发红。
二、制备
1、将所述重量的麻黄、杏仁、蚯蚓、全蝎、川芎、川贝母、石膏、瓜蒌、海蛤壳、麦冬、五味子、干姜、玉竹、桑白皮、地骨皮、甘草、陈皮、半夏、紫苏子、桂枝、白术、人参、鸡内金、灵芝、紫苏叶、厚朴、苦参、百部、射干、黄芩放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
2、将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为4剂服用。
组方中川贝母有润肺散结,止嗽化痰的功能为君药;桑白皮有泻肺平喘,行水消肿的功能;陈皮有理气健脾,燥湿化痰的功能,二者为臣药,三味药共同发挥润肺散结,止嗽化痰,泻肺平喘,行水消肿,理气健脾的作用,治疗哮喘效力全面,且以润肺散结,泻肺平喘,理气健脾为主可治本,半夏有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结的功能为佐药,白术有补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中的功能为使药,与下余诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有润肺散结,止嗽化痰,泻肺平喘,行水消肿,理气健脾的功能,用于治疗哮喘,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治哮喘门诊患者共44例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为发作性咳嗽、胸闷及呼吸困难。部分患者咳痰,多于发作趋于缓解时痰多,如无合并感染,常为白黏痰,质韧,有时呈米粒状或黏液柱状。发作时的严重程度和持续时间个体差异很大,轻者仅有胸部紧迫感,持续数分钟,重者极度呼吸困难,持续数周或更长时间。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用5个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:哮喘症状消失,恢复正常,痊愈;
好转:哮喘症状明显好转,胸闷、咳嗽减轻,逐步恢复正常;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗哮喘患者44例,结果显效37例,显效率为84.1%,好转4例,好转率为9.1%,无效3例,总有效率为93.2%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗哮喘的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
麻黄6-10克,杏仁5-15克,蚯蚓5-15克,全蝎5-8克,川芎5-15克,川贝母5-15克,石膏5-15克,瓜蒌5-15克,海蛤壳5-15克,麦冬5-15克,五味子5-15克,干姜5-15克,玉竹5-15克,桑白皮5-15克,地骨皮5-15克,甘草4-8克,陈皮5-15克,半夏5-15克,紫苏子5-15克,桂枝4-8克,白术4-8克,人参4-8克,鸡内金5-15克,灵芝4-8克,紫苏叶4-8克,厚朴2-6克,苦参5-15克,百部5-15克,射干5-15克,黄芩5-15克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
麻黄8克,杏仁10克,蚯蚓10克,全蝎8克,川芎10克,川贝母10克,石膏10克,瓜蒌10克,海蛤壳10克,麦冬10克,五味子10克,干姜10克,玉竹10克,桑白皮10克,地骨皮10克,甘草6克,陈皮10克,半夏10克,紫苏子10克,桂枝6克,白术6克,人参6克,鸡内金10克,灵芝6克,紫苏叶6克,厚朴4克,苦参10克,百部10克,射干10克,黄芩10克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)麻黄:拣去杂质,去尽木质茎及残根,用水洗净,微润后切段,干燥即得;
(2)杏仁:拣净杂质,置沸水中略煮,俟皮微皱起捞出,浸凉水中,脱去种皮,晒干,簸净;
(3)蚯蚓:拣去杂质,用水漂净,及时捞出,晒干,切段;
(4)全蝎:清水漂去盐质,晒干,或微火焙用;
(5)川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
(6)川贝母:拣去杂质,用水稍泡,捞出,闷润,剥去心,晒干;
(7)生石膏:去净杂石,洗净泥土,打碎成小块;
(8)瓜蒌:取原药材,除去杂质及果柄,洗净,压扁,切丝或小块,干燥;
(9)海蛤壳:洗净、晒干,碾成碎块;
(10)麦冬:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后抽去心,再洗净晒干;
(11)五味子:筛去灰屑,除去杂质,置蒸笼内蒸透,取出晒干;
(12)干姜:拣净杂质,用水浸泡3—6小时,捞出,闷润后切片或切成小方块,晒干;
(13)玉竹:除去杂质,洗净泥土,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片,晒干;
(14)桑白皮:刷去灰屑,洗净,润透后切丝,晒干;
(15)地骨皮:拣去杂质及木心,略洗,切段,晒干;
(16)甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,晾干;
(17)陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
(18)半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
(19)紫苏子:簸去灰屑,洗净,晒干;
(20)桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
(21)白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(22)人参:除去芦头,切段即可;
(23)鸡内金:拣去杂质,漂净晒干;
(24)灵芝:除去杂质,洗净,润软,切厚片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
(25)紫苏叶:拣净杂质,晒干;
(26)厚朴:用水浸泡捞出,润透后刮去粗皮,洗净,切丝,晾干;
(27)苦参:拣净杂质,除去残茎,洗净泥土,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(28)百部:拣净杂质,除去须根,洗净,润透后切段,晒干;
(29)射干:拣去杂质,水洗净,稍浸泡,捞出,润透,切片,晒干,筛去须、屑;
(30)黄芩:拣去杂质,除去残茎,用凉水浸润或置开水中稍浸捞出,润透后切片晒干,注意避免曝晒过度发红;
(二)制备
(1)将所述重量的麻黄、杏仁、蚯蚓、全蝎、川芎、川贝母、石膏、瓜蒌、海蛤壳、麦冬、五味子、干姜、玉竹、桑白皮、地骨皮、甘草、陈皮、半夏、紫苏子、桂枝、白术、人参、鸡内金、灵芝、紫苏叶、厚朴、苦参、百部、射干、黄芩放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为4剂服用。
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