CN107067242A - Difficulty value creation method in a kind of block chain generating process - Google Patents
Difficulty value creation method in a kind of block chain generating process Download PDFInfo
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- CN107067242A CN107067242A CN201710182018.1A CN201710182018A CN107067242A CN 107067242 A CN107067242 A CN 107067242A CN 201710182018 A CN201710182018 A CN 201710182018A CN 107067242 A CN107067242 A CN 107067242A
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- block
- difficulty
- value
- block chain
- transaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/04—Payment circuits
- G06Q20/06—Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used among participants of a common payment scheme
- G06Q20/065—Private payment circuits, e.g. involving electronic currency used among participants of a common payment scheme using e-cash
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3829—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction involving key management
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
Abstract
The present invention relates to difficulty value creation method in a kind of block chain generating process, it is divided into three steps, the first step, the quantity merchandised in standard block generation time, difficulty value, degree-of-difficulty factor, block to be generated is defined in advance, second step, is defined, the 3rd step to difficulty value in block chain generating process and block generation time, assigned degree of difficulty coefficient Dc three kinds of definition strategies, are calculated the value of degree-of-difficulty factor by definition strategy；The invention provides the definition method that difficulty value in a kind of block chain generating process and block generate the time, by introducing the degree-of-difficulty factor related to block content (transaction), so as to influence the response speed and handling capacity of block chain, it is contacted even closer with being actually needed, overcome the tactful limitation for producing speed adjustment in original method only according to block.
Description
Technical field
It is difficulty value establishment side in a kind of block chain generating process the present invention relates to the generation of block catenary system on internet
Method.
Background technology
In the generating process of block chain, difficulty value is a key parameter values.Among these, using Hash calculating sides
Method.It is assumed that Hash digit is K, then the scope of hash value is 0 to 2^K.For example hash value is less than or equal to 2^N, from probability
From the point of view of, need trial 2^ (K-N) secondary.So difficulty value takes difficulty value and block content in 2^ (K-N), traditional POW block chains
Unrelated, the speed produced only according to block in whole block chain network is made adjustment so that block produces speed convergence in one
Individual steady state value.But block produces the response speed and handling capacity that speed directly affects block chain, accordingly, it would be desirable to a kind of more preferable
Method define difficulty value and block generation the time.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides difficulty value in a kind of block chain generating process for solving or partly solving the above problems
Creation method.
To reach the effect of above-mentioned technical proposal, the technical scheme is that：Difficulty in a kind of block chain generating process
It is worth creation method, comprises the steps of：
1) quantity merchandised in standard block generation time, difficulty value, degree-of-difficulty factor, block to be generated, mark are defined in advance
The quasi- block generation time is represented with variable T, is the assumption value that block generates the time, difficulty value is represented with variables D, is in block life
Into before, to the assumption value of difficulty value；Degree-of-difficulty factor is represented with Dc, the interval of span is [R, 1], wherein, R is change
Amount, span is less than 1；The quantity of the transaction of block to be generated is represented with variable N in block chain, is natural number；
2) difficulty value D1 in block chain generating process and block generation time T1 are defined, specific formula is as follows：
D1=D × Dc
T1=T × Dc
3) assigned degree of difficulty coefficient Dc definition strategy, is calculated the value of degree-of-difficulty factor by definition strategy, so that logical
The formula for crossing the 2) step carrys out difficulty value D in further calculation block chain generating process1And block generation time T1, definition strategy
There are three kinds：Definition strategy one, definition strategy 2, definition strategy 3；
A) definition strategy one is as follows：
If number of transaction N is equal to 0, degree-of-difficulty factor Dc is equal to 1, if number of transaction N is more than 0, degree-of-difficulty factor Dc is equal to
R；
According to definition strategy one, when number of transaction N is equal to 0, difficulty value D in the 2) step, block chain generating process is brought into1Deng
In 0；When number of transaction N is more than 0, block chain generating process difficulty value D1Time T is generated equal to standard block；
B) definition strategy two is as follows：
The maximum of the quantity of the transaction of block to be generated in block chain is set as Nmax, degree-of-difficulty factor Dc defined formula
It is as follows：
Dc=1- (1-R) * N/Nmax
According to definition strategy two, number of transaction N is set to generate time T with block1Linear correlation, and be inversely proportional；
B) definition strategy three is as follows：
Urgency level to the transaction of block to be generated in block chain is defined, and is represented with variable W, span exists
Between 1 and M, M value is more than 1, is the higher limit of urgency level；Also, record the maximum of All Activity weight in current block
Value is denoted as Wm, its root mean square average is denoted as Wrms, then degree-of-difficulty factor Dc defined formula has the following two kinds：
Dc=1- (1-R) * Wm/M
Dc=1- (1-R) * Wrms/M
Respectively with the maximum W of All Activity weight in current blockm, root mean square average WrmsLinear correlation.
The present invention useful achievement be：The invention provides difficulty value creation method in a kind of block chain generating process, lead to
Cross and introduce the degree-of-difficulty factor related to block content (transaction), so as to influence the response speed and handling capacity of block chain, make its with
It is actually needed and contacts even closer, overcomes the tactful limitation for producing speed adjustment in original method only according to block.
Embodiment
In order that technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved are more clearly understood, tie below
Embodiment is closed, the present invention will be described in detail.It should be noted that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain
The present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention, and can realize that the product of said function belongs to equivalent substitution and improvement, be all contained in this hair
Within bright protection domain.Specific method is as follows：
Embodiment 1：Block catenary system is disclosed in one, distributed cryptography accounting system.It is based on Cryptography Principles,
And credit is not based on, realized completely by P-2-P technology.In systems, the both sides that any opinion is reached an agreement, energy
It is enough directly to be paid, so as to be implemented without the participation of third party intermediary, it can be achieved with sound dealing.
Fund is to design to produce with series of protocols by complicated cryptographic algorithm in block catenary system, not by any
The decentralization electronic cash that people or tissue are disturbed.The generation of each transaction, consumption all can be Jing Guo block chain network the whole network it is true
Recognize.
The data record form of block catenary system is block catenary system by recording the input that each transaction is used in detail
(input) and output (output), it is similar with account book, transaction content all storages.Input is the information for paying the bill, output
The information of gathering is indicated, payment person's accounts information i.e. bit coin location is included in no matter inputting and exporting, account payee's information is handed over
Easily pay and income amount information.Prove that user makes to the electronic cash by the corresponding signature of public key in the information of payment
With power.Anyone can be clearly seen that the account service condition of each user.In block catenary system, although user makes
Protect individual privacy with assumed name, but disclosed transaction data provides the foundation data for the attack of attacker.
Wherein, key data structure includes its electronic cash form, address, transaction, block chain, and proof of work is real
The technical foundation of existing decentralization.
Electronic cash form：It is such string number signature：Each owner passes through to a preceding Transaction Information
The digital signature of a random hash is signed with the public key of next bit owner, and this signature is attached to this piece of electronic money
End, constitute this piece of electronic money and be transmitted to the next bit owner.Other people to signature by testing, it becomes possible to tests
Demonstrate,prove the owner of the chain.
Possessing the people of address corresponding private key has the electronic cash right to use.
Address：Bit coin address is the public key produced by ellipse curve signature algorithm, be by multiple SHA256,
RIPEMD-160 is calculated, the final result that the change such as Base58 codings is obtained.Bit coin address is also bit coin user in bit
Account on coin network, either pays the bill, collects money by being realized to the corresponding signing messages in address and address.Bit coin
Location is close with public key.
Transaction construction：At least one the transaction input (input) of each transaction (transaction) and a transaction output
(output).Each input uses an output as input.Each output not spent waits a nearest input
The input of cost is used it as, and each input is used only once.
Block chain：Block chain is the database of bit coin system, and it records be identified on bit coin network each
Transaction is recorded.Data on block chain are calculated by proof of work by node and produced, with it is unique, characteristic can not be changed,
All transaction being identified can be all recorded and stored on block chain.
Proof of work (Proof-of-work)：Bit coin miner carries out mathematics meter using CPU, GPU or the chip of specialty
Calculate, the solution of " minimum cryptographic Hash " is calculated by exhaustive random number N once.Meet following formula：
SHA256 (SHA256 (version+pre_hash+merkle_root+ntime+nbits+x)) ＜ difficult
Transaction data is all relevant with minimum cryptographic Hash in data block, difficulty value with current bit coin output difficulty by
Software is adjusted.Difficulty value is smaller, and solution " minimum cryptographic Hash " difficulty is bigger, so that the generation of bit coin is slower.Hash
The unidirectional irreversible property of algorithm makes that x value must be calculated, just can only be eligible to find by each exhaustive value of violence
Value.And the process that the continuous consumption calculations resource of computer finds the value is known as proof of work (POW).Meet until finding
After the x of condition, node can broadcast the information of the data block to the whole network, and new block can be added to the end of block chain.Constantly will
A upper block information is attached to next piece of chain as input, constitutes a time stamp server and forms the block constantly extended
Chain.If attacker wants that change data carries out digging the data that ore deposit changes block chain it is necessary to pay higher cost.Proof of work is
The basis of centralization technology, is also the basis of unique believability.
Difficulty value (difficulty) is important references index of the miners when digging ore deposit, and it directly determines that miner is big
About need that by how many times Hash operation a legal block could be produced.Typically, block generated one every about 10 minutes,
And if will be under the conditions of different the whole networks calculates power, the generation of new block keeps all maintaining essentially on this speed, therefore,
The change that difficulty value must calculate power according to the whole network is adjusted.Briefly, difficulty value is set at regardless of digging ore deposit ability
Change, new block produce speed be held at 10 minutes one.
Embodiment 2：Miner digs ore deposit in block chain
Proof of work mechanism has been used in ore deposit is dug, according to protocol requirement, the transaction for creating new block is used in record
, it is necessary to find a lucky number (Nonce) while single so that pass through comprising the new block content including this lucky number
The cryptographic Hash that SHA-256 algorithms are obtained is less than specific threshold values.Due to the one-way of hash algorithm, this lucky number can not lead to
Cross formula to obtain, can only be found by making repeated attempts.The cryptographic Hash of SHA-256 algorithms generation is the binary system of one 256
Number, by the size for adjusting threshold values, so that it may which the difficulty of lucky number is found in control.
Because the interstitial content and operational capability of whole P2P networks are being continually changing, this difficulty threshold values is using movement
Average method Come is determined, is once adjusted after often producing 2016 blocks, and target is to make between the time of each block generation
Every being maintained at 10 minutes or so.Due to finding the randomness of lucky number process, this is a desired value, actual block life
At interval about tens ingeniously or between dozens of minutes.
That process finds lucky number and packing and issuing block above, is referred to as digging ore deposit (Mining).By some node
Digging ore deposit process be summarized as follows：
1) content of last block is input in local block chain, to calculate its cryptographic Hash；
2) receive other nodes issue or forwarding trading card, screened and detected, for weed out by comprising
Old trading card in block chain, Sorry, your ticket has not enough value or has other wrong trading cards；
3) randomly select a numeral, by this numeral be previously obtained cryptographic Hash, together with legal trading card content
As input, then obtain a new cryptographic Hash；
4) detect the new cryptographic Hash of this whether be less than the current wealthy value of difficulty, if answer is affirmative, digging ore deposit into
Work(, generates a new block and is broadcasted to the whole network；
If 5) cryptographic Hash is ineligible (be more than threshold values), from the 2) step restart；
If 6) during Wa Kuang, have received the new legal block that other nodes transmit, (legal expression meets form
It is required that, and trading card therein is all new), then this block is added to the end of local block chain, the weight since the first step
It is new to dig ore deposit.
The preferred embodiments of the invention is the foregoing is only, the claims of the present invention are not limited to.
Simultaneously it is described above, for those skilled in the technology concerned it would be appreciated that and implement, therefore other be based on institute of the present invention
The equivalent change that disclosure is completed, should be included in the covering scope of the claims.
The present invention useful achievement be：The invention provides difficulty value creation method in a kind of block chain generating process, lead to
Cross and introduce the degree-of-difficulty factor related to block content (transaction), so as to influence the response speed and handling capacity of block chain, make its with
It is actually needed and contacts even closer, overcomes the tactful limitation for producing speed adjustment in original method only according to block.
Claims (1)
1. difficulty value creation method in a kind of block chain generating process, it is characterised in that methods described is comprised the steps of：
1) quantity merchandised in standard block generation time, difficulty value, degree-of-difficulty factor, block to be generated, the mark are defined in advance
The quasi- block generation time is represented with variable T, is the assumption value that the block generates the time, is real number；The difficulty value variables D
Represent, it is real number to the assumption value of the difficulty value before block generation to be；The degree-of-difficulty factor is represented with Dc, value
The interval of scope is [R, 1], wherein, R is the real number of variable, and span is less than 1；The transaction of block to be generated in block chain
Quantity is represented with variable N, is natural number；
2) to difficulty value D described in block chain generating process1And block generation time T1It is defined, specific formula is such as
Under：
D1=D × Dc
T1=T × Dc
3) definition strategy of the degree-of-difficulty factor Dc is specified, the value of the degree-of-difficulty factor is counted by the definition strategy
Calculate, so as to further calculate difficulty value D in the block chain generating process by the formula of the 2) step1And the block life
Into time T1, the definition strategy has three kinds：Definition strategy one, definition strategy 2, definition strategy three；
A) definition strategy one is as follows：
If number of transaction N is equal to 0, the degree-of-difficulty factor Dc is equal to 1, if number of transaction N is more than 0, the degree-of-difficulty factor Dc
Equal to R；
According to the definition strategy one, when number of transaction N is equal to 0, difficulty value in the 2) step, the block chain generating process is brought into
D1Equal to 0；When number of transaction N is more than 0, the block chain generating process difficulty value D1Time T is generated equal to the standard block；
B) definition strategy two is as follows：
The maximum of the quantity of the transaction of block to be generated in block chain is set as Nmax, the defined formula of the degree-of-difficulty factor Dc
It is as follows：
Dc=1- (1-R) * N/Nmax
According to the definition strategy two, number of transaction N is set to generate time T with the block1Linear correlation, and be inversely proportional；
B) definition strategy three is as follows：
Urgency level to the transaction of block to be generated in block chain is defined, and is represented with variable W, span is in 1 and M
Between, M is the real number more than 1, is the higher limit of urgency level；Also, record the maximum of All Activity weight in current block
Value is denoted as Wm, it is real number, its root mean square average is denoted as Wrms, then the defined formula of the degree-of-difficulty factor Dc has following two
Kind：
Dc=1- (1-R) * Wm/M
Dc=1- (1-R) * Wrms/M
Represent maximum W respectively with All Activity weight in current blockm, root mean square average WrmsLinear correlation.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108830712A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-16 | 易链科技（深圳）有限公司 | Method, apparatus, equipment and the medium that block generates |
| WO2019157740A1 (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for processing data, apparatus for processing data and device for processing data |
| CN110472970A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-19 | 厦门本能管家科技有限公司 | A kind of pre-generated block method and system based on block chain |
| TWI680656B (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-12-21 | 香港商阿里巴巴集團服務有限公司 | Data processing method and equipment based on blockchain |
| CN110880968A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-13 | 元一科技控股有限公司 | Block transmission and recording method and device and computer storage medium |
| WO2020233054A1 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-26 | 深圳壹账通智能科技有限公司 | Blockchain-based block generation method, apparatus and device, and storage medium |
| CN108768665B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2021-06-08 | 上海达家迎信息科技有限公司 | Block chain generation method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| US11212075B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2021-12-28 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Method and apparatus for achieving a target transaction rate in a blockchain network |
| CN117692463A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-12 | 中国信息通信研究院 | Block generation method, device, equipment and medium based on block chain network |
-
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| TWI680656B (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-12-21 | 香港商阿里巴巴集團服務有限公司 | Data processing method and equipment based on blockchain |
| US11947564B2 (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2024-04-02 | Advanced New Technologies Co., Ltd. | Blockchain-based data processing method and device |
| US11269916B2 (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2022-03-08 | Advanced New Technologies Co., Ltd. | Blockchain-based data processing method and device |
| CN111713088B (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2022-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for processing data and equipment for processing data |
| CN111713088A (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2020-09-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for processing data and equipment for processing data |
| WO2019157740A1 (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for processing data, apparatus for processing data and device for processing data |
| US11212075B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2021-12-28 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Method and apparatus for achieving a target transaction rate in a blockchain network |
| CN110472970A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-19 | 厦门本能管家科技有限公司 | A kind of pre-generated block method and system based on block chain |
| CN110472970B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2022-05-10 | 本无链科技(深圳)有限公司 | Block chain-based block pre-generation method and system |
| CN108830712A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-16 | 易链科技（深圳）有限公司 | Method, apparatus, equipment and the medium that block generates |
| CN108768665B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2021-06-08 | 上海达家迎信息科技有限公司 | Block chain generation method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN110880968A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-13 | 元一科技控股有限公司 | Block transmission and recording method and device and computer storage medium |
| WO2020233054A1 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-26 | 深圳壹账通智能科技有限公司 | Blockchain-based block generation method, apparatus and device, and storage medium |
| CN117692463A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-12 | 中国信息通信研究院 | Block generation method, device, equipment and medium based on block chain network |
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Application publication date: 20170818 |