CN107064161A - A kind of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means and detection method - Google Patents
A kind of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107064161A CN107064161A CN201710308973.5A CN201710308973A CN107064161A CN 107064161 A CN107064161 A CN 107064161A CN 201710308973 A CN201710308973 A CN 201710308973A CN 107064161 A CN107064161 A CN 107064161A
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- laser
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- defect detection
- conveyer belt
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
- G01N2021/8887—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means, conveyer belt including horizontal transport, the conveyer belt top surface is placed with the fixed station for fixing cracking connecting-rod lid and cracking connecting-rod body, provided with that can send the laser of laser above the conveyer belt, the laser is equipped with for the ccd sensor for receiving reflected laser signals along before and after the conveyer belt transporting direction with calculating mechatronics.Invention additionally discloses a kind of detection method of use con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means.Relative to prior art, technical solution of the present invention can accurately, efficiently and reliably complete artificial open defect detection and recognize, so as to improve the operating efficiency of detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile connecting bar processing technique field, more particularly to a kind of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means and inspection
Survey method.
Background technology
Automobile connecting bar cranking processing technology makes Machining of Connecting Rod be changed into overall processing from parts processing, with traditional parts processing
Technology is compared, and con-rod fracture splitting processing has the advantages that technological process is simple, manufacturing cost is low, crudy good, assembling quality is high,
Have become the developing direction of connecting rod manufacturing technology.
In the prior art, con-rod fracture splitting processing method replaces traditional positioning method using the three-dimensional male and female face of cracking, so that
The complicated manufacturing procedure of faying face is saved, compared with conventional machining process, prior art has particular requirement for fracture quality,
Fracture quality is evaluated by parameters such as microcephaly's bore deformation amount, outline defect area, cleavage line extended precisions.
At present, Machining of Connecting Rod is that common defect mainly includes that section rim breach, section be scaling-off, two planes of disruption deviate
Spacing is excessive and big end bore deformation four kinds of situations of excessive grade.For above-mentioned defect, prior art is by manually seeing
Examine and measure judgement using scale, its detection efficiency is low and there is larger error, is easily caused underproof split
The assembling quality that face rings connecting rod is solved, so as to bring potential economic loss and reputational risk to manufacturing enterprise.
In addition, the detection of conventional linkage plane of disruption open defect is relied primarily on manual observation and measured using scale and sentenced
Fixed, such detection operating efficiency is low and not accurate enough, and human eye can not quickly capture accurate defect information at all, especially
Some need the defect quantified, and it is whether qualified that human eye can not be told completely, so as to cause that defects detection precision is low, false drop rate is high
Etc. technical problem.
The content of the invention
The main object of the present invention is to propose a kind of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means and detection method, it is intended to the company of raising
The accuracy and operating efficiency of bar cracking planar defect detection.
To achieve the above object, a kind of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means of present invention proposition, including horizontal transport are defeated
Band is sent, the conveyer belt top surface is placed with the fixed station for fixing cracking connecting-rod lid and cracking connecting-rod body, the conveyer belt
Side is provided with laser 3 d scanner, and the laser 3 d scanner is made up of laser and ccd sensor, the ccd sensor
It is used to receive reflected laser signals with calculating mechatronics.
Preferably, the laser that the laser is sent is vertical with the conveyer belt top surface.
Preferably, the laser 3 d scanner is provided with two ccd sensors.
Preferably, the central axis of two ccd sensors is mutually perpendicular to.
Preferably, the central axis of the ccd sensor and the conveyer belt top surface angle are 20 °~70 °.
The present invention also proposes a kind of detection method using the con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1：By the laser 3 d scanner obtain the original point cloud of cracking connecting-rod body and cracking connecting-rod lid with it is complete
Scape image data；
Step 2：Display is acquired with OBJ forms to cloud data three-dimensional coordinate in the computer；
Step 3：Denoising smooth is carried out to cloud data in the computer；
Step 4：Compression is simplified to cloud data progress using particle emulation-random sampling algorithms in the computer；
Step 5：Cloud data can be stored as to the standard CAD file format such as STL, IGES and DXF in the computer,
Then exchanging for data can be carried out with CAD software conventional at present, sets up threedimensional model；
Step 6：The threedimensional model of foundation is compared with primary standard big end hole threedimensional model in the computer
Extract the characteristic at two sections cooperation；
Step 7：Then the characteristic extracted is determined with judging that accurate survey is compared in the computer
Decision-making, output result.
Con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means technical scheme of the present invention, by being set on the conveyer belt that level is transported
Fixed station for fixing cracking connecting-rod lid and cracking connecting-rod body, and conveyer belt top set can send downwards laser swash
The laser of light, and the CCD for detecting laser is provided with along the front and rear sides for conveying tape feeding direction in laser
Sensor is with calculating mechatronics.In addition, the present invention also proposes a kind of detection side of use con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means
Method, is detected to replace in the prior art by artificial by laser 3 d scanner to cracking connecting rod cap and cracking connecting-rod body
Detected.
Relative to prior art, technical solution of the present invention can accurately, efficiently and reliably complete artificial open defect detection
And identification, so as to improve the operating efficiency of detection.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Structure according to these accompanying drawings obtains other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the detection principle diagram of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the overhaul flow chart of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means of the present invention.
Drawing reference numeral explanation：
| Label | Title | Label | Title |
| 1 | Conveyer belt | 5 | Computer |
| 2 | Fixed station | 6 | Ccd sensor |
| 3 | Cracking connecting-rod body | 7 | Laser |
| 4 | Cracking connecting-rod lid |
The realization, functional characteristics and advantage of the object of the invention will be described further referring to the drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained under the premise of creative work is not made it is all its
His embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
If it is to be appreciated that related in the embodiment of the present invention directionality indicate (such as up, down, left, right, before and after ...),
Then directionality indicate to be only used for explain relative position relation under a certain particular pose (as shown in drawings) between each part,
Motion conditions etc., if the particular pose changes, directionality indicates also correspondingly therewith to change.
If in addition, relating to the description of " first ", " second " etc. in the embodiment of the present invention, being somebody's turn to do " first ", " second " etc.
Description be only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying its relative importance or implicit indicate indicated skill
The quantity of art feature.Thus, " first " is defined, at least one spy can be expressed or be implicitly included to the feature of " second "
Levy.In addition, the technical scheme between each embodiment can be combined with each other, but must be with those of ordinary skill in the art's energy
Based on enough realizations, when the combination appearance of technical scheme is conflicting or can not realize it will be understood that the knot of this technical scheme
Conjunction is not present, also not within the protection domain of application claims.
The present invention proposes a kind of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means.
Refer to Fig. 1, the con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means of the embodiment of the present invention, including it is horizontally disposed and can be from one
Hold the conveyer belt 1 transported to the other end, the top surface of conveyer belt 1 is placed with for fixing consolidating for cracking connecting-rod lid 4 and cracking connecting-rod body 3
Determine platform 2, the top of conveyer belt 1 is provided with that can send the laser 7 of laser downwards, along the conveying direction of conveyer belt 1 and positioned at laser
The front and rear sides of device 7 are equipped with to be electrically connected for the ccd sensor 6 of detection with computer 5.
In the embodiment of the present invention, be arranged at the laser 7 of the top of conveyer belt 1 send laser to conveyer belt 1 and laser with
The top surface of conveyer belt 1 is vertical, and the top of conveyer belt 1 is provided with ccd sensor 6, the central axis of ccd sensor 6 positioned at the both sides of laser 7
Be mutually perpendicular to, in embodiments of the present invention, in two ccd sensors 6 central axis of one of ccd sensor 6 with it is defeated
It is 20 ° to send the top plate angle of band 1, and in other embodiments of the invention, one of central axis of ccd sensor 6 with it is defeated
It is extremely to be less than more than 20 ° between 70 ° to send the angle between the top surface of band 1, or 70 °.
The con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means of the embodiment of the present invention is in detection, and the transport of conveyer belt 1 is fixed with cracking and connected
The fixed station 2 of bowl cover 4 and cracking connecting-rod body 3 is conveyed from one end to the other side, and laser 7 sends laser and irradiated from top to bottom
In the surface of cracking connecting-rod lid 4 and cracking connecting-rod body 3, the surface of 6 pairs of cracking connecting rod caps 4 of ccd sensor and cracking connecting-rod body 3 is entered
Row is shot, and the image information photographed is sent to computer 5 handled.
The present invention also proposes a kind of detection method of use con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Cracking connecting-rod body 3, the original point cloud of cracking connecting-rod lid 4 and full-view image number are obtained by ccd sensor 6
According to；
Step 2：Display is acquired with OBJ forms to cloud data three-dimensional coordinate in computer 5；
Step 3：Denoising smooth is carried out to cloud data in computer 5；
Step 4：Cloud data is carried out using particle emulation-random sampling algorithms in a computer to simplify compression；
Step 5：Cloud data can be stored as to the standard CAD file format such as STL, IGES and DXF in computer 5, so
Exchanging for data can be carried out with CAD software conventional at present afterwards, set up threedimensional model；
Step 6：The threedimensional model of foundation and primary standard big end hole threedimensional model are compared extraction in computer 5
The characteristic gone out at two sections cooperation；
Step 7：Then the characteristic extracted is determined certainly with judging that accurate survey is compared in computer 5
Plan, output result.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are referred to, con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means of the invention is when being detected, first by swashing
Light device 7 sends laser beam to cracking connecting-rod lid 4 and the surface of cracking connecting-rod body 3, and ccd sensor 6 is obtained using laser triangulation
Cracking connecting-rod body 3, cracking connecting-rod lid 4 crack the original point cloud data in face.Specifically, certain regular laser beam is thrown first
It is mapped on object to be detected surface, the picture of body surface formation reflected light is read and sent into computer 5 by ccd sensor 6,
Triangle geometrical relationship and imaging relations in Fig. 2, can obtain below equation：
By entering line translation to formula (1), the height value L that can obtain tested measuring point is：
When ccd sensor 6 is vertical with receiving light, i.e. β=90 °, above formula (2) can transform to：
In order that ccd sensor 6 can all receive institute on object to be detected a little, the angle of imaging surface and optical axis will
Meet：Tan β=k tan α, wherein k is horizontal magnification factor.
The 3 d space coordinate of object to be detected each point is extrapolated by being detected the height value L and reference planes of measuring point.
Display is acquired using OBJ forms to cloud data three-dimensional coordinate in a computer, it is then right in a computer
Cloud data carries out denoising smooth processing.Using Savitzky-Golay filtering methods, to arbitrfary point xiN number of point in field is used
M rank multinomials are fitted, and polynomial coefficient, the smooth value g of corresponding points are determined with least square method criterioniIt is as many
Item formula is in xiThe value at place, positioned at xiThe number n of left side point1Represent, positioned at xiThe number n of the right point2Represent, then in point xi
Total points are N=n in field1+n2+ 1, and N is greater than polynomial exponent number M, by scan data yiThe M order polynomials of fitting
pi(x) it is represented by following form：
In above formula, it is assumed that for arbitrary xiThere is xi+1-xi≡ Δ x, the determination of polynomial fitting needs to calculate in above formula
Coefficient bk, reach it is optimal, i.e.,：
By bkCoefficient be indicated in a matrix fashion：
Other specification is also rewritten as to the form of matrix, if vectorial：
By formula (6) and formula (7), formula (5) can be write as：
Meanwhile, formula (8) is represented by：
ATAb=ATY (9)
ATA is positive definite matrix, and there is inverse matrix, and coefficient b can be tried to achieve by formula (9)：
B=(ATA)-1ATY (10)
G can obtain by formula (4)i=pi(xi)=b0, therefore for formula (10), only need to solve b0.
Wherein, denoising is carried out it needs to be determined that several parameters using Savitzky-Golay filtering techniques：It is polynomial
It is fitted number of times M；Point xiTotal points N in field, xiThe points n of the right and left1、n2.The accuracy and speed of calculating is set to reach ratio
Preferable level, M typically takes the numeral between 2~4, works as xiPositioned at the center of match point, now filter effect is preferable.
Then compression is simplified to cloud data progress using particle emulation-random sampling algorithms in a computer.Lead to first
Reading original point cloud is crossed, to determine the percentage reached required for stochastical sampling, this percentage is compared with having set value.If
This percentage, which is less than, has set value, by this percentage seat stochastical sampling and defeated directly by the cloud data after simplifying compression processing
Go out.If percentage, which is more than, has set value, stochastical sampling is done by setting value, by particle emulation method to the point cloud Jing Guo stochastical sampling
For further processing, the point that should be removed is done upper delete to mark, the point for deleting having done mark makees stochastical sampling processing, to needing
The point of blank parts is covered, cancels its mark, deletes those points being marked, by the point cloud number after simplifying compression processing
According to output.
Then regard is carried out to cloud data in a computer to splice more.Fitting surface is respectively pointed out in two panels point cloud and estimate respectively
Curvature value is counted out, quantifies curvature information and with Geometric active contours away from the mapping relations put to curvature are corresponded, takes curvature
Quantify the point observation of most value, if noise spot then needs gravity treatment, otherwise obtain corresponding point, that is, characteristic point.If passed through
Aforesaid operations, which obtain characteristic point, can complete alignment, and algorithm continues down to perform.If can not, then change another and quantify curvature,
Again characteristic point is obtained.If characteristic point only one of which or quantity are seldom, distinguished point based makees next alignment, and according to meter
Rigid body obtained by calculating enters line translation, is then verified.If characteristic point quantity is more, should by characteristic point distribution meter
Calculating rigid deformation makes the local difference minimum of transform characteristics point, and algorithm is down performed, then verified.
Continue to select new quantized value, obtain characteristic point, if characteristic point, which is brought into after just conversion, can meet local difference most
It is small, then continue down to perform, otherwise reselect new quantized value and recalculate characteristic point and rigid body translation.
Point cloud is completed by rigid body translation to operate, pre-align is completed, it is assumed that have two pieces of cloud data pieces P and Q to do pre-align,
Iteration speed, increase alignment efficiency can then be accelerated.Calculate each point q in QiTo its closest approach apart from F+(qi), using searching
Rope algorithm determines nearest point.In order to obtain more preferable effect, then successive ignition is carried out, conventional method is by setting
One threshold value, iteration is just stopped when the conversion tried to achieve causes the difference of origin cloud and target point cloud to be not more than this threshold value, so that
Rigid body change is done based on two matrixes of rotation and translation, last result is finally given.
Cloud data can be stored as to the standard CAD file format such as STL, IGES and DXF in a computer, then can be with
CAD software the more commonly used at present carries out data exchange, so as to set up threedimensional model.
Then the threedimensional model of foundation is compared with primary standard big end hole threedimensional model in a computer and extracted
Two sections coordinate the characteristic.
The last characteristic extracted in a computer is compared with the quasi- side of judgement, then determines decision-making, defeated
Go out result.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every at this
Under the design of invention, the equivalent structure transformation made using description of the invention and accompanying drawing content, or directly/it is used in indirectly
He is included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention related technical field.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means, it is characterised in that the conveyer belt including horizontal transport, the conveyer belt top
Face is placed with above the fixed station for fixing cracking connecting-rod lid and cracking connecting-rod body, the conveyer belt and is provided with laser three-dimensional scanning
Instrument, the laser 3 d scanner is made up of laser and ccd sensor, and the ccd sensor is used for calculating mechatronics
Receive reflected laser signals.
2. con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the laser that the laser is sent
It is vertical with the conveyer belt top surface.
3. con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the laser 3 d scanner is set
There are two ccd sensors.
4. con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that two ccd sensors
Central axis is mutually perpendicular to.
5. con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the center of the ccd sensor
Axis and the conveyer belt top surface angle are 20 °~70 °.
6. a kind of detection method using the con-rod fracture splitting planar defect detection means as described in claim 1 to 5 is any, its feature exists
In comprising the following steps：
Step 1：The original point cloud and panorama shadow of cracking connecting-rod body and cracking connecting-rod lid are obtained by the laser 3 d scanner
As data；
Step 2：Display is acquired with OBJ forms to cloud data three-dimensional coordinate in the computer；
Step 3：Denoising smooth is carried out to cloud data in the computer；
Step 4：Compression is simplified to cloud data progress using particle emulation-random sampling algorithms in the computer；
Step 5：Cloud data can be stored as to the standard CAD file format such as STL, IGES and DXF in the computer, then
Exchanging for data can be carried out with CAD software conventional at present, set up threedimensional model；
Step 6：The threedimensional model of foundation and primary standard big end hole threedimensional model are compared extraction in the computer
The characteristic gone out at two sections cooperation；
Step 7：Then the characteristic extracted is determined certainly with judging that accurate survey is compared in the computer
Plan, output result.
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| CN110335247A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-10-15 | 广东民航机场建设有限公司 | Defect positioning method, device, equipment and storage medium based on BIM model |
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