CN107048350B - Nutritional whole powder prepared by implanting hericium erinaceus sporocarp into potato and production method thereof - Google Patents
Nutritional whole powder prepared by implanting hericium erinaceus sporocarp into potato and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The invention provides a nutritional whole powder prepared by implanting hericium erinaceus sporocarp into potato and a production method thereof, and the production method comprises the following steps: inoculating and culturing hericium erinaceus, cleaning potatoes, removing impurities, removing potato skins, slicing the potatoes, filling, sterilizing, performing mixed inoculation and culture, performing low-temperature stimulation culture, drying, crushing and the like to obtain the nutritional whole powder of the hericium erinaceus implanted with the potatoes. The product has fragrant fragrance of Hericium erinaceus, is rich in Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and vitamin D, E, and has higher Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide content than that produced by conventional addition and mixing method. The invention has simple production process, low cost, environmental protection and short production period; is a new method for biotransformation of potato into nutritious food. Is convenient for mass production and can be compatible with the traditional equipment and production line. Meanwhile, partial macromolecules in the potatoes are converted under the action of biological metabolism, so that the problem that the potatoes are easy to flatulence when eaten singly for a long time is solved, and the whole potato flour is easy to digest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food biology, in particular to nutritional whole potato flour with hericium erinaceus sporocarp implanted and a production method thereof, which is a simple, efficient and low-cost biotransformation method for producing nutritional whole potato flour.
Background
Hericium erinaceus (Hericium erinaceus) is a rare edible fungus with high protein, low fat, high mineral elements and high vitamin content, and belongs to large edible fungi with homology of medicine and food. Hericium erinaceus has the effects of nourishing stomach and regulating the middle warmer, and can be used for treating gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis. The research of modern medicine and pharmacology shows that the hericium erinaceus contains hericium erinaceus polysaccharide as a main active ingredient and has various physiological functions of resisting tumor, resisting aging, promoting blood circulation, reducing blood fat, improving immunity and the like.
Currently, hericium erinaceus products are mainly developed by an additive method, and generally hericium erinaceus entities are used as components to be added and mixed with wheat, rice, starch and the like to form the hericium erinaceus nutrient component-containing food. The wild hericium erinaceus are quite rare and expensive; the hericium erinaceus cultured in the artificial wild environment simulation mode has high technical requirements and long growth period, so that the production cost is high, large-area popularization and application are difficult, and the problem of residues of chemicals such as carbendazim, heavy metals and the like is easily caused; the liquid fermentation mycelium process is adopted for production, so that the mycelium yield and the accumulation amount of active ingredients such as the hericium erinaceus polysaccharide are low, the process is complex, and the problems of chemical residue and the like also exist. The defects increase the production cost of the hericium erinaceus product and limit the development and application of the hericium erinaceus product.
The potato belongs to annual herbaceous plants of Solanales, Solanaceae and Solanum, is traditionally eaten as vegetables in China, and the edible part of the potato is the underground stem of the plant and contains abundant protein and starch, which is different from the traditional gramineous grain crops; due to high photosynthesis efficiency, high yield, poor tolerance and wide cultivation adaptability, the Ministry of agriculture issues guidance of Ministry of agriculture on promoting the development of potato industry in 2016, and proposes that the potato planting area is expanded to more than 1 hundred million mu and the total yield reaches the development target of about 1.3 hundred million tons of potato staple food in 2020. More than 50% of the potatoes are expected to be consumed as a novel staple food in 2020.
The key point of the promotion of the potato staple food in China lies in the downstream development of the market demand of potatoes, the development of deep processing of the potatoes and the development of multi-element products, wherein the development of the potato staple food into potato nutritional whole powder is the mainstream.
At present, the development market of the whole potato nutrition powder is still in a blank state; the production of other nutrition-enriched powder products (such as additionally added vitamin enhancer products, mineral enhancer products, trace element enhancer products, amino acid and protein enhancer products) has the problems of complex production process, high cost, low value and the like, and the problems need to be solved through a new technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple, safe, healthy, green and low-cost method for producing potato nutritional whole powder by one-step biotransformation aiming at the defects of the prior production technology. The method utilizes Hericium erinaceus C9 strain to grow on potato tuber to generate micro fruiting body and mycelium complex, and performs high-efficiency conversion on polysaccharide and protein in the potato tuber to produce potato whole powder rich in nutrients such as Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and trace vitamins (such as vitamin D and E).
The method comprises the following operation steps:
1. inoculating and culturing hericium erinaceus; inoculating fresh spore of Hericium erinaceus C9 into wheat seed culture medium, and performing shallow tray sterile culture at 20-30 deg.C for 2-6 days. The inoculation amount is 25:1 (mass M/kg of wheat grain culture medium: mass M/mg of fresh spore powder)
The wheat seed culture medium comprises the following components: 3000g of wheat and 3000g of tap water, and maintaining the temperature of 105-125 ℃ for 15-35 minutes for sterilization.
2. Cleaning potato, and removing impurities; selecting fresh and non-wound potatoes, and cleaning potato tubers under high pressure to remove impurities such as silt and the like.
3. Removing the potato peel layer; slightly wiping off the potato peel layer by 0.3-1.5mm through a peeling machine, and removing sand holes, heavy metal and pesticide residues on the peel layer.
4. Slicing potato, filling and sterilizing; conveying the potatoes to a slicing machine by a spiral conveyor, cutting the potatoes into square blocks of 0.3-0.5cm, draining, subpackaging with a horizontal sterilizer at 105-.
5. Mixed inoculation culture; inoculating according to the inoculation ratio of 25:1-100:1 (the mass of the potato strips is M/kg: the mass of the wheat seeds is M/kg), and standing and culturing at 14-28 ℃ for 2-6 days.
6. Stimulating the medium endophytic mushrooms at low temperature; culturing at 4-10 deg.C under 50-300Lux illumination for 1-2 days, culturing at 20-26 deg.C for 4-10 days, inducing primordium to obtain miniature fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, increasing dry weight of fruiting body, and accumulating Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide.
7. Drying and crushing; drying all reactants until the water content is 13-15%, crushing by a crusher, sieving by a starch flat screen of 80-100 meshes to obtain the nutritional whole powder of the hericium erinaceus planted with potatoes, wherein the product has fragrant fragrance of the hericium erinaceus, is rich in hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and vitamin D, E, and has higher content of the hericium erinaceus polysaccharide than that of the hericium erinaceus planted with potatoes by a direct mycelium solid fermentation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, potato tubers of solanaceae crops are used as a culture medium for biotransformation for the first time, and hericium erinaceus sporophores are implanted into the potato tubers, so that the complicated steps of field production, crushing and blending of the sporophores (monkey mushroom powder) are not required, and the production cost of the whole nutritional powder can be reduced.
2. The technology has higher quality than direct mycelium fermentation products. The mycelium fermentation does not pass through the fruiting body maturation stage, and the content of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide is lower than that in the fruiting body maturation stage. The invention adopts low-temperature induction treatment and micro-fruiting body growth, so that the content of the Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide is higher than that of liquid and solid mycelium fermentation.
3. The method only needs the conventional potato tubers as the raw materials, adopts the hericium erinaceus sporocarp implantation method for production, does not need additional chemicals in the production process, avoids the residues of heavy metals and bacteriostats, is a really simple, low-cost, green and environment-friendly production technology of the whole potato nutrition powder, and can be compatible with the traditional equipment and production line. .
4. Compared with the traditional method for producing the nutrition-enriched powder by adding and mixing, the method has the advantages that the period is short, the growth period of hericium erinaceus sporocarp obtained by the traditional method is at least 60 days, the production of the hericium erinaceus potato whole powder is generally about 7-20 days, a large amount of time cost is saved, the process is simple, and less labor is used.
5. According to the invention, nutrient components in the potatoes are converted into hericium erinaceus polysaccharide by utilizing the solid state fermentation of the hericium erinaceus, macromolecules in the potatoes are converted by the metabolic action of hericium erinaceus mycelium to form nutrient components which are easy to absorb, the problem that the potatoes are prone to flatulence when eating too much is solved, and the whole potato powder is easy to digest.
Detailed Description
The present invention is illustrated in detail below by way of examples:
example A Hericium erinaceus nutritional potato flakes batch 1
1. Fresh spores of Hericium erinaceus C9 are inoculated into a mycelium culture medium (3000g of wheat and 3000g of tap water, and the temperature is kept at 110 ℃ for 35 minutes for sterilization), the inoculation ratio is 25:1 (mass M/kg of the wheat grain culture medium: mass M/mg of fresh spore powder), and the Hericium erinaceus is cultured in a shallow tray sterile manner for 3 days at the temperature of 20 ℃.
2. Purifying and removing impurities from potatoes, selecting fresh and wound-free potatoes, washing potato tubers under high pressure, and removing impurities such as silt and the like.
3. Removing the potato peel layer, slightly wiping the potato peel layer by a brush peeling machine for 0.5mm, and removing the blowholes, heavy metal and pesticide residues on the peel layer.
4. Slicing, bottling, sterilizing, conveying potato to a slicer with a screw conveyor, cutting into 0.3cm square strips, draining, sterilizing at 105 deg.C for 35 min, and naturally cooling.
5. And (4) mixed inoculation culture, wherein the inoculation is carried out according to an inoculation ratio of 25:1 (the mass of the potato strips is M/kg: the mass of the wheat seeds is M/kg). The cells were cultured at 26 ℃ for 6 days.
6. And (3) polysaccharide accumulation stage, culturing the hericium erinaceus by low-temperature 300Lux illumination at 4 ℃ for 24 hours at low temperature to stimulate the endophytic mushrooms in the medium to generate micro sporocarp, and culturing for 6 days at 24 ℃ by 300Lux illumination to accumulate polysaccharide and organic matter components of the hericium erinaceus.
7. Drying the fermented potato powder, crushing, and drying the fermented potato until the water content is 13%. Crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a starch flat screen of 80 meshes to obtain the hericium erinaceus nutritional potato whole powder which has the fragrant smell of the hericium erinaceus.
Detecting; extracting fermented potato powder with 75% ethanol, extracting the extractive solution with hot water, concentrating, precipitating with ethanol, washing with acetone to recover polysaccharide, deproteinizing Sevag, and measuring content of polysaccharide in Hericium erinaceus (Hericium erinaceus) in the fermented potato powder with sulfuric acid-phenol method to 292.09mg/100 g.
Example two Hericium erinaceus nutritional potato flakes batch 2
Step 1, carrying out tray sterile culture for 6 days.
And 5, performing mixed inoculation culture, and inoculating according to an inoculation ratio of 50:1 (the mass of the potato strips is M/kg: the mass of the wheat seeds is M/kg). The cells were cultured at 26 ℃ for 5 days.
The rest of the steps are the same as the first embodiment.
The content of polysaccharide in the fermented potato whole powder hericium erinaceus is 275.12mg/100g by a sulfuric acid-phenol method.
Example three Hericium erinaceus nutritional potato flakes batch 3
Step 1, the tray is aseptically cultured for 4 days.
And 5, performing mixed inoculation culture, and inoculating according to an inoculation ratio of 30:1 (the mass of the potato strips is M/kg: the mass of the wheat seeds is M/kg). The cells were cultured at 26 ℃ for 6 days.
The rest of the steps are the same as the first embodiment.
The content of polysaccharide in the fermented potato whole powder hericium erinaceus is 215.03mg/100g by a sulfuric acid-phenol method.
And (3) detection results:
Claims (2)
1. a nutrition whole powder of hericium erinaceus sporocarp implanted potato is characterized in that the hericium erinaceus sporocarp is implanted into potato to be fermented to produce potato nutrition whole powder containing hericium erinaceus nutrition components;
the process for producing the potato nutritional whole powder containing the hericium erinaceus nutritional ingredients by planting the hericium erinaceus sporocarp into the potato and fermenting comprises the following steps:
1) inoculating and culturing hericium erinaceus; mixing Hericium erinaceusHericium erinaceusInoculating C9 spore powder into seed culture medium at 20-30 deg.C with the inoculum size of 25:1, and performing tray sterile culture for 2-6 days;
the wheat seed culture medium comprises the following components: 3000g of wheat and 3000g of tap water, and maintaining the temperature of 105-125 ℃ for 15-35 minutes for sterilization;
2) cleaning and removing impurities from the potatoes; selecting fresh and non-wound potatoes, and cleaning potato tubers under high pressure to remove silt impurities;
3) removing the potato peel layer; removing heavy metals and pesticide residues in sand holes and cortex;
4) slicing potato, filling and sterilizing; conveying the potatoes to a slicing machine by a spiral conveyor, cutting the potatoes into square strips of 0.3-0.5cm, draining, then subpackaging the strips and blocks in a horizontal sterilizer at the temperature of 105-;
5) mixed inoculation culture; according to the quality of the potato chips: inoculating the wheat seeds with the inoculation ratio of 25:1-100:1, and standing and culturing at 14-28 ℃ for 2-6 days;
6) stimulating the base endophytic mushrooms at low temperature; culturing at 4-10 deg.C under 50-300Lux illumination for 1-2 days, and culturing at 20-26 deg.C for 4-10 days;
7) drying and crushing; drying all reactants until the water content is 13-15%, pulverizing by a pulverizer, and sieving with 80-100 mesh starch flat sieve to obtain the nutritional whole powder of Hericium erinaceus fruiting body implanted potato.
2. A production method of nutritional whole powder by planting hericium erinaceus sporocarp into potato is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) inoculating and culturing hericium erinaceus; mixing Hericium erinaceusHericium erinaceusInoculating C9 spore powder into seed culture medium at 20-30 deg.C with the inoculum size of 25:1, and performing tray sterile culture for 2-6 days;
the wheat seed culture medium comprises the following components: 3000g of wheat and 3000g of tap water, and maintaining the temperature of 105-125 ℃ for 15-35 minutes for sterilization;
2) cleaning and removing impurities from the potatoes; selecting fresh and non-wound potatoes, and cleaning potato tubers under high pressure to remove silt impurities;
3) removing the potato peel layer; removing heavy metals and pesticide residues in sand holes and cortex;
4) slicing potato, filling and sterilizing; conveying the potatoes to a slicing machine by a spiral conveyor, cutting the potatoes into square strips of 0.3-0.5cm, draining, then subpackaging the strips and blocks in a horizontal sterilizer at the temperature of 105-;
5) mixed inoculation culture; according to the quality of the potato chips: inoculating the wheat seeds with the inoculation ratio of 25:1-100:1, and standing and culturing at 14-28 ℃ for 2-6 days;
6) stimulating the base endophytic mushrooms at low temperature; culturing at 4-10 deg.C under 50-300Lux illumination for 1-2 days, and culturing at 20-26 deg.C for 4-10 days;
7) drying and crushing; drying all reactants until the water content is 13-15%, pulverizing by a pulverizer, and sieving with 80-100 mesh starch flat sieve to obtain the nutritional whole powder of Hericium erinaceus fruiting body implanted potato.
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| CN106367354A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Application of potato whole powder in preparing PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium |
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| CN1273004C (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2006-09-06 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for producing hedgehog fungus and special culture medium thereof |
| CN105010949A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-04 | 刘随记 | Manufacturing method for hericium erinaceus rice or millet |
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| CN104473056A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-04-01 | 凌爱秋 | Method for preparing hericium erinaceus rice |
| CN106367354A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Application of potato whole powder in preparing PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium |
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| "不同培养料配方和出菇温度对猴头菇生长影响";于海龙等;《中国食用菌》;20101231;第29卷(第4期);第26-27页 * |
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