CN107032891B - Super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107032891B
CN107032891B CN201710327098.5A CN201710327098A CN107032891B CN 107032891 B CN107032891 B CN 107032891B CN 201710327098 A CN201710327098 A CN 201710327098A CN 107032891 B CN107032891 B CN 107032891B
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fertilizer
controlled release
bio
coated controlled
release fertilizer
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CN107032891A (en
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杨越超
解加卓
赵青花
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Shandong Agricultural University
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Shandong Agricultural University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00Fertilisers containing potassium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings

Abstract

The invention relates to a super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is prepared by spraying a blended aqueous solution of a micron-sized material and a nano-sized material on the surface of the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer, drying the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer at the temperature of 30-150 ℃ for 0.1-3h, then soaking the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer in a solvent containing a low surface energy material for 0.1-3h, and drying the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer at the temperature of 30-150 ℃; the controlled release period of the invention is 1-4 months, while the controlled release period of the non-hydrophobized bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer product is usually less than 30 days, the invention can obviously prolong the controlled release effect of the bio-based controlled release fertilizer, greatly improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and meet the nutrient requirements of crops in each growth period; and has the characteristics of regeneration and biodegradation, and can not generate environmental pollution.

Description

Super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of novel fertilizer production.
(II) background of the invention
In nature, many organisms have superhydrophobic surfaces, such as the lotus leaves, the legs of hydroids, and the wings of butterflies, to avoid moisture erosion. Inspired by the above, people have manufactured a series of bionic materials with super-hydrophobic surfaces to realize multiple purposes such as pollution prevention, corrosion prevention, snow prevention, freeze prevention, antibiosis, self-cleaning and the like. At present, the mainstream method for preparing the super-hydrophobic surface is to combine the increase of the surface roughness and the reduction of the surface energy, so as to eliminate the hydrophilicity of the material. The method of increasing surface roughness includes: template methods, plasma treatment methods, laser ablation methods, micromachining methods, precipitation methods, etc., and methods for reducing the surface energy include grafting perfluoroalkylsilanes, carbon tetrafluoride, etc.
In recent years, due to the growing population and the resulting food problems, more and more fertilizers have been used in agricultural production, with annual amounts of 7627.36 ten thousand tons (pure nutrients) of fertilizers in 2016, and still growing at a rate of around 5% per year. However, because the utilization rate of the traditional fertilizer is low, serious environmental pollution is caused worldwide, and more attention is paid to the development of the super-hydrophobic controlled release fertilizer capable of meeting the nutrient requirements of crops in various growth periods. The currently commercialized coated controlled-release hypertrophy parts are non-renewable, non-degradable petroleum-based polymers as coating materials, but with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and depletion of fossil resources, renewable, biodegradable, low-cost, environmentally-friendly bio-based polymers are available, such as: starch, chitosan, alginate, lignin, cellulose, animal and vegetable oils, aspartic acid and derivatives thereof are increasingly used in the production of coated controlled release fertilizers. However, because the bio-based materials have strong hydrophilicity, the nutrient release period of the prepared bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is short, often less than 30 days, and the requirement of crop growth cannot be met. In order to improve the water resistance and nutrient release life, hydrophobic wax, epoxy resin, organic silicon and other substances are often mixed with the bio-based material, but the effect of the method is not obvious. At present, no research related to the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer exists. Therefore, the invention applies the relevant super-hydrophobic technology to prepare the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer so as to obviously prolong the nutrient release life of the fertilizer. In addition, the related concept and preparation method of the novel bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer with the super-hydrophobic surface provided by the invention can creatively promote the development process of the future super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof; the product controlled release period of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer prepared by the invention is 1-4 months, and the controlled release period of the non-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer product is usually less than 30 days, so that the controlled release effect of the bio-based controlled release fertilizer can be obviously prolonged by using super-hydrophobic treatment, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved, and the nutrient requirements of crops in each growth period are met; the invention uses the bio-based material as the coating material, has the characteristics of reproducibility, biodegradability, low price, rich sources and the like, and can not generate environmental pollution; the invention has simple processing technology, low energy consumption and high efficiency, and belongs to a low-energy technology.
A super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is prepared by the following method (the components are calculated by weight portions):
in a coating machine, 1 to 10 portions of the blended aqueous solution of the micron-grade material and the nanometer-grade material is continuously sprayed on the surface of 300 portions of the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer under the pressure of 0.1 to 0.5MPa, then the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is dried for 0.1 to 3 hours at the temperature of 30 to 150 ℃, then the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is soaked in 800 portions of solvent with the temperature of 0 to 100 ℃ and containing 0.1 to 3 wt.% of low surface energy material for 0.1 to 3 hours at the temperature of 200 to 150 ℃, and finally the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is dried for 0.1 to 3 hours at the temperature of 30 to 150 ℃ to prepare the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer.
The weight ratio of the micron-scale materials to the nano-scale materials is (0.5-3): 1.
The low surface energy material is one or more of alkyl silane, mercaptan, long-chain fatty acid, polydimethylsiloxane or carbon tetrafluoride.
The solvent is one or more of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, benzene or toluene.
The micron-sized material is one or more of micron-sized montmorillonite, micron-sized vermiculite, micron-sized kaolin, micron-sized hydrotalcite-like compound, micron-sized calcium carbonate, micron-sized mica or micron-sized quartz.
The nano-scale material is one or more of nano-scale montmorillonite, nano-scale vermiculite, nano-scale kaolin, nano-scale hydrotalcite, nano-scale calcium carbonate, nano-scale mica or nano-scale quartz.
The preparation method of the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
preheating the granular fertilizer in a coating machine for 1-20min at 30-90 ℃ and 5-50rpm, continuously spraying a coating material on the surface of the granular fertilizer under the pressure of 0.1-0.5MPa, and continuously curing to form a film to prepare the bio-based coated controlled-release fertilizer.
The granular fertilizer is selected from one or more of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a boron fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer, a molybdenum fertilizer, a copper fertilizer, an iron fertilizer, a cobalt fertilizer, a silicon fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, a magnesium fertilizer, a sulfur fertilizer, a microbial fertilizer or a compound fertilizer.
The coating material is selected from one or more of vegetable oil polyol-based polyurethane, animal oil polyol-based polyurethane, waste oil polyol-based polyurethane, starch polyol-based polyurethane, cellulose polyol-based polyurethane, lignin polyol-based polyurethane, vegetable oil polyol-based epoxy resin, animal oil polyol-based epoxy resin, waste oil polyol-based epoxy resin, starch polyol-based epoxy resin, cellulose polyol-based epoxy resin or lignin polyol-based epoxy resin. The coating material can be prepared using known techniques.
The coating material accounts for 1-10% of the total mass of the coated controlled-release fertilizer (the mass of the coating material plus the mass of the granulated fertilizer).
The invention has the advantages that:
the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is prepared by a method combining the increase of surface roughness and the reduction of surface energy. When the prepared super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is put into water, a layer of air film appears between the water and the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer, and the solid-gas-liquid three-phase state is called Cassie-Baxter state. The air film can prevent liquid water from entering the inside of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer and enter the inside of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer in a water vapor diffusion mode, so that the controlled release period of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer can be greatly prolonged. The invention realizes the method for preparing the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer by constructing the super-hydrophobic structure on the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer for the first time, can further prolong the controlled release period of the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer, and provides the related concept and the preparation method of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer, which can creatively promote the development process of the future super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer.
1. The product controlled release period of the prepared super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is 1-4 months, and the controlled release period of the non-hydrophobized bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer product is usually less than 30 days, so that the controlled release effect of the bio-based controlled release fertilizer can be obviously prolonged by using super-hydrophobization treatment, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved, and the nutrient requirements of crops in each growth period are met.
2. The coating material is made of bio-based materials, has the characteristics of reproducibility, biodegradability, low price, rich sources and the like, and does not cause environmental pollution.
3. The processing technology is simple, the energy consumption is low, the efficiency is high, and the method belongs to a low-energy technology.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1: a process flow chart of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer.
In the figure 1, granular fertilizer is added into a coating machine, preheated and the rotating speed is adjusted; 2, continuously spraying the bio-based coating material on the surface of the granular fertilizer under certain pressure in a coating machine, and continuously curing to form a film to obtain the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer; 3 continuously spraying the blended aqueous solution of the micron-sized material and the nanometer-sized material on the surface of the bio-based coated controlled-release fertilizer in a coating machine at a certain pressure, and then drying the fertilizer at a certain temperature for a period of time; 4, immersing the fertilizer in a solution containing a certain amount of low surface energy material at a certain temperature for a period of time, and finally drying the fertilizer at a certain temperature for a period of time to prepare the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer; and 5, after the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, packaging the product, and warehousing for storage.
FIG. 2: and infrared spectrograms of the bio-based coating material and the super-hydrophobic bio-based coating material.
From FIG. 2, the spectrum of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coating material is 814cm-1A characteristic absorption peak of 1142cm representing O-Si-O appears-1A characteristic absorption peak representing C-F appears at 710cm-1And 651cm-1Characteristic absorption peaks representing C-Si appear, and the new appearance of the characteristic absorption peaks indicates the existence of the low-surface-energy material on the surface of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated fertilizer. In addition, at 3400cm-1The characteristic absorption peak of OH disappears, which indicates that the low surface energy material is grafted to the surface of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated fertilizer through the reaction with-OH.
FIG. 3: the microstructure and the contact angle of the surface of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer.
From the figure 3, it can be observed that the surface of the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer presents uniformly distributed micron-nano structures, the structure can greatly improve the surface roughness, so that the surface generates a super-hydrophobic phenomenon, the water contact angle is 155.8 degrees, and the method can be used for successfully preparing the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer with the super-hydrophobic surface.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Example 1:
preheating a granular nitrogen fertilizer in a coating machine for 3min at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the rotating speed of 10rpm, continuously spraying soybean oil polyol-based polyurethane on the surface of the granular fertilizer under the pressure of 0.1MPa, and continuously curing to form a film to obtain the soybean oil-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer. Then 1g of a blended aqueous solution of a micron-sized material and a nano-sized material (the weight ratio of the micron-sized material to the nano-sized material is 0.5:1) is continuously sprayed on the surface of 100g of the prepared soybean oil-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer at the pressure of 0.1MPa, then the fertilizer is dried at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 0.5h, then the fertilizer is immersed in 200g of a 20 ℃ methanol solution containing 0.5 wt.% of methyltrimethoxysilane for 0.5h, and finally the fertilizer is dried at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 0.5h, so that the super-hydrophobic soybean oil-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared, wherein the controlled-release period is 45 days, and the membrane material can be completely degraded in one year.
Example 2:
preheating a granular phosphate fertilizer in a coating machine for 8min at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the rotating speed of 20rpm, continuously spraying lard polyol-based polyurethane on the surface of the granular fertilizer under the pressure of 0.2MPa, and continuously curing to form a film to obtain the lard-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer. And then continuously spraying 4g of a blended aqueous solution of a micron-sized material and a nano-sized material (the weight ratio of the micron-sized material to the nano-sized material is 1:1) on the surface of 200g of the prepared lard-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer at the pressure of 0.2MPa, then baking the fertilizer at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1h, then immersing the fertilizer in 400g of 30 ℃ ethanol containing 1 wt.% of vinyltriethoxysilane for 1h, and finally baking the fertilizer at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 1h to obtain the super-hydrophobic lard-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the controlled-release period is 70 days, and the membrane material of the super-hydrophobic lard-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer can be completely degraded within one year.
Example 3:
preheating a granular potash fertilizer in a coating machine for 13min at the temperature of 70 ℃ and the rotating speed of 30rpm, continuously spraying the waste oil polyol-based polyurethane on the surface of the granular fertilizer at the pressure of 0.3MPa, and continuously curing to form a film to obtain the waste oil-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer. And then continuously spraying 7g of a blended aqueous solution of a micron-sized material and a nano-sized material (the weight ratio of the micron-sized material to the nano-sized material is 2:1) onto the surface of 250g of the prepared waste oil-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer at the pressure of 0.3MPa, then drying the fertilizer at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 2h, then immersing the fertilizer in 600g of 40 ℃ n-propanol containing 2 wt.% of methyltriethoxysilane for 2h, and finally drying the fertilizer at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 2h to prepare the super-hydrophobic waste oil-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the controlled-release period is prolonged by 95 days, and the membrane material of the super-hydrophobic waste oil-based polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer.
Example 4:
preheating a granular compound fertilizer in a coating machine for 18min at the temperature of 90 ℃ and the rotating speed of 40rpm, continuously spraying starch polyol-based epoxy resin on the surface of the granular fertilizer at the pressure of 0.5MPa, and continuously curing to form a film to obtain the starch-based epoxy resin coated controlled-release fertilizer. Then 10g of a blended aqueous solution of a micron-sized material and a nano-sized material (the weight ratio of the micron-sized material to the nano-sized material is 3:1) is continuously sprayed on the surface of 300g of the prepared starch-based epoxy resin coated controlled-release fertilizer at the pressure of 0.5MPa, then the fertilizer is dried at the temperature of 110 ℃ for 2.5 hours, then the fertilizer is immersed in 800g of a 50 ℃ n-butyl alcohol solution containing 2.5 wt.% of vinyl trimethoxy silane for 2.5 hours, and finally the fertilizer is dried at the temperature of 110 ℃ for 2.5 hours, so that the super-hydrophobic starch-based epoxy resin coated controlled-release fertilizer is prepared, the controlled-release period is prolonged by 120 days, and the membrane material of the super-hydrophobic starch.

Claims (5)

1. The super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by the following method: the components in parts by weight are as follows: continuously spraying 1-10 parts of blended aqueous solution of micron-sized materials and nano-sized materials on the surface of 300 parts of bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer in a coating machine at the pressure of 0.1-0.5MPa, drying the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer at the temperature of 30-150 ℃ for 0.1-3h, then soaking the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer in 800 parts of 0-100 ℃ solvent containing 0.1-3 wt% of low surface energy materials for 0.1-3h, and finally drying the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer at the temperature of 30-150 ℃ for 0.1-3h to prepare the super-hydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer;
wherein the weight ratio of the micron-scale material to the nano-scale material is 0.5-3: 1;
the micron-sized material is one or more of micron-sized montmorillonite, micron-sized vermiculite, micron-sized kaolin, micron-sized hydrotalcite-like compound, micron-sized calcium carbonate, micron-sized mica or micron-sized quartz;
the nano-scale material is one or more of nano-scale montmorillonite, nano-scale vermiculite, nano-scale kaolin, nano-scale hydrotalcite, nano-scale calcium carbonate, nano-scale mica or nano-scale quartz;
the preparation method of the bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer comprises the following steps: preheating the granular fertilizer in a coating machine for 1-20min at 30-90 ℃ and 5-50rpm, continuously spraying a coating material on the surface of the granular fertilizer under the pressure of 0.1-0.5MPa, and continuously curing to form a film to prepare the bio-based coated controlled-release fertilizer;
the low surface energy material is one or more of alkyl silane, mercaptan, long-chain fatty acid, polydimethylsiloxane or carbon tetrafluoride.
2. The coated fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the solvent is one or more selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, benzene, and toluene.
3. The superhydrophobic bio-based coated controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the granular fertilizer is one or more selected from a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a boron fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer, a molybdenum fertilizer, a copper fertilizer, an iron fertilizer, a cobalt fertilizer, a silicon fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer, a magnesium fertilizer, a sulfur fertilizer, a microbial fertilizer or a compound fertilizer.
4. The coated superhydrophobic controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the coating material is selected from one or more of vegetable oil polyol based polyurethane, animal oil polyol based polyurethane, waste oil polyol based polyurethane, starch polyol based polyurethane, cellulose polyol based polyurethane, lignin polyol based polyurethane, vegetable oil polyol based epoxy resin, animal oil polyol based epoxy resin, waste oil polyol based epoxy resin, starch polyol based epoxy resin, cellulose polyol based epoxy resin, or lignin polyol based epoxy resin.
5. The coated controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the coating material comprises 1-10% of the total mass of the coated controlled release fertilizer.
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