CN107006715A - It is a kind of to improve the perfect compound feed of blue fox fur quality - Google Patents
It is a kind of to improve the perfect compound feed of blue fox fur quality Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
一种改善蓝狐毛皮品质的全价配合饲料,本发明涉及一种全价配合饲料。本发明要解决现有如何科学合理搭配饲料,降低饲料成本,使各项营养指标都满足蓝狐生长需要的问题。本发明一种改善蓝狐毛皮品质的全价配合饲料按重量份数由36份~38份膨化玉米、16份~17.7份豆粕、5.32份~5.72份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、2份~3份脐子饼、2.5份~3.5份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、12.1份~14.8份禽油、0.36份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐和1份预混料组成;所述的膨化玉米、豆粕、发酵豆粕、鱼粉、肉骨粉、鸡肉粉、脐子饼、DDGS、羽毛粉、禽油、磷酸氢钙、食盐和预混料的总份数为100份。A full-price compound feed for improving the quality of blue fox fur, the invention relates to a full-price compound feed. The invention solves the existing problem of how to scientifically and rationally match feed, reduce feed cost, and make all nutritional indicators meet the growth needs of blue foxes. A full-price compound feed for improving the quality of blue fox fur of the present invention consists of 36-38 parts by weight of puffed corn, 16-17.7 parts of soybean meal, 5.32-5.72 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8.5 parts of fish meal, and 4.5 parts of meat-and-bone meal , 5 parts of chicken powder, 2 to 3 parts of navel cake, 2.5 to 3.5 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of feather meal, 12.1 to 14.8 parts of poultry oil, 0.36 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 parts of table salt and 1 part of premix Composition; the total number of parts of the puffed corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, chicken meal, navel cake, DDGS, feather meal, poultry oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt and premix is 100 parts.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种全价配合饲料。The invention relates to a complete compound feed.
背景技术Background technique
蓝狐是一种珍贵的裘皮用动物,属于犬科食肉目,主要以采食高蛋白、高脂肪的动物性饲料为主。截止到目前,如何科学合理搭配饲料,降低饲料成本,使各项营养指标都满足蓝狐生长需要是亟待解决的问题。蓝狐生产性能及毛皮品质主要受日粮营养水平影响,其中脂肪含量在毛皮动物饲料中所占的比例较高,提供适合蓝狐生长的脂肪需要量,能够满足其对于能量的需求、提高蛋白质的利用效率。The blue fox is a precious fur animal belonging to the order Canidae Carnivora. It mainly feeds on high-protein and high-fat animal feed. Up to now, how to scientifically and rationally match feed, reduce feed cost, and make all nutritional indicators meet the growth needs of blue foxes is an urgent problem to be solved. The production performance and fur quality of the blue fox are mainly affected by the nutritional level of the diet. Among them, the fat content accounts for a relatively high proportion in the fur animal feed, which provides the fat requirement suitable for the growth of the blue fox, which can meet its energy demand and increase protein. utilization efficiency.
目前国内外已经研究出不同营养水平的能量和蛋白质组合以及酶制剂、益生素对蓝狐的影响,但对不同脂肪含量对蓝狐生长性能、脂肪代谢、与脂肪有关基因表达及毛皮品质影响的研究并不多,且结果不一。At present, the effects of different nutritional levels of energy and protein combinations, enzyme preparations, and prebiotics on blue foxes have been studied at home and abroad, but the effects of different fat contents on the growth performance, fat metabolism, fat-related gene expression and fur quality of blue foxes have been studied. There are few studies, with mixed results.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决现有如何科学合理搭配饲料,降低饲料成本,使各项营养指标都满足蓝狐生长需要的问题,而提供一种改善蓝狐毛皮品质的全价配合饲料。The invention solves the existing problem of how to scientifically and rationally match the feed, reduces the cost of the feed, and makes each nutritional index meet the growth needs of the blue fox, and provides a full-price compound feed that improves the quality of the blue fox's fur.
一种改善蓝狐毛皮品质的全价配合饲料按重量份数由36份~38份膨化玉米、16份~17.7份豆粕、5.32份~5.72份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、2份~3份脐子饼、2.5份~3.5份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、12.1份~14.8份禽油、0.36份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐和1份预混料组成;所述的膨化玉米、豆粕、发酵豆粕、鱼粉、肉骨粉、鸡肉粉、脐子饼、DDGS、羽毛粉、禽油、磷酸氢钙、食盐和预混料的总份数为100份。A full-price compound feed for improving the quality of blue fox fur consists of 36 to 38 parts of puffed corn, 16 to 17.7 parts of soybean meal, 5.32 to 5.72 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8.5 parts of fish meal, 4.5 parts of meat and bone meal, and 5 parts by weight. Consists of 1 part of chicken powder, 2 to 3 parts of navel cake, 2.5 to 3.5 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of feather meal, 12.1 to 14.8 parts of poultry oil, 0.36 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 part of table salt and 1 part of premix; The total number of parts of extruded corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, chicken meal, navel cake, DDGS, feather meal, poultry oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt and premix is 100 parts.
本发明的有益效果是:采用冬毛期不同能量水平,通过研究改变蓝狐日粮中粗脂肪的含量的调控技术,发现日粮中粗脂肪含量16.02~18.45%时,能够提高蓝狐生长性能,改善蓝狐的皮毛品质,提高营养物质表观代谢率及氮代谢水平,降低粪氮和尿氮排放量而造成的环境污染。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: adopting different energy levels in the winter fur season, and by studying the control technology of changing the crude fat content in the blue fox diet, it is found that when the crude fat content in the diet is 16.02-18.45%, the growth performance of the blue fox can be improved , Improve the fur quality of blue fox, increase the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients and nitrogen metabolism level, and reduce the environmental pollution caused by fecal nitrogen and urinary nitrogen emissions.
本发明的特点有:Features of the present invention have:
与低粗脂肪含量相比:1、对生产性能作用:提高冬毛期蓝狐平均日增重20.79~41.36%,降低料重比15.24~30.87%,降低代谢能增重比6.29~15.88%。Compared with low crude fat content: 1. Effect on production performance: increase the average daily weight gain of blue foxes in the winter fur period by 20.79-41.36%, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio by 15.24-30.87%, and reduce the metabolic energy weight gain ratio by 6.29-15.88%.
2、对蛋白质利用的作用:提高净蛋白利用率5.69~14.34%,提高蛋白质生物学价值4.44~14.05%。2. The effect on protein utilization: increase the net protein utilization rate by 5.69-14.34%, and increase the protein biological value by 4.44-14.05%.
3、动物皮毛质量的作用:提高皮毛长度14.72~14.83%,降低皮毛宽度10.49~18.09%,提高绒毛长度11.47~17.43%。3. The effect of animal fur quality: increase fur length by 14.72-14.83%, reduce fur width by 10.49-18.09%, and increase villi length by 11.47-17.43%.
与高粗脂肪含量相比:1、对生产性能作用:提高冬毛期蓝狐平均日增重105.81~140.84%,降低料重比52.93~61.61%,降低代谢能增重比52.75~57.58%。Compared with high crude fat content: 1. Effect on production performance: increase the average daily weight gain of blue foxes in the winter fur period by 105.81-140.84%, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio by 52.93-61.61%, and reduce the metabolic energy weight gain ratio by 52.75-57.58%.
2、对蛋白质利用的作用:提高净蛋白利用率最大可达6.53%,提高蛋白质生物学价值最大可达1.57%。2. The effect on protein utilization: the net protein utilization rate can be increased by up to 6.53%, and the biological value of protein can be increased by up to 1.57%.
3、动物皮毛质量的作用:提高皮毛长度1.87~1.97%,降低皮毛宽度最大可达1.58%,提高绒毛长度1.25~6.67%。3. The effect of animal fur quality: increase fur length by 1.87-1.97%, reduce fur width by up to 1.58%, and increase villi length by 1.25-6.67%.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举的具体实施方式,还包括各具体实施方式之间的任意组合。The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
具体实施方式一:本实施方式所述的一种改善蓝狐毛皮品质的全价配合饲料按重量份数由36份~38份膨化玉米、16份~17.7份豆粕、5.32份~5.72份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、2份~3份脐子饼、2.5份~3.5份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、12.1份~14.8份禽油、0.36份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐和1份预混料组成;所述的膨化玉米、豆粕、发酵豆粕、鱼粉、肉骨粉、鸡肉粉、脐子饼、DDGS、羽毛粉、禽油、磷酸氢钙、食盐和预混料的总份数为100份。Embodiment 1: A full-price compound feed for improving the quality of blue fox fur described in this embodiment consists of 36 to 38 parts by weight of puffed corn, 16 to 17.7 parts of soybean meal, and 5.32 to 5.72 parts of fermented soybean meal , 8.5 parts of fish meal, 4.5 parts of meat and bone meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 2 to 3 parts of navel cake, 2.5 to 3.5 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of feather meal, 12.1 to 14.8 parts of poultry oil, 0.36 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, Composed of 0.32 parts of table salt and 1 part of premix; said puffed corn, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, chicken meal, navel cake, DDGS, feather meal, poultry oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, table salt and premix The total number of parts of the material is 100 parts.
本实施方式的有益效果是:采用冬毛期不同能量水平,通过研究改变蓝狐日粮中粗脂肪的含量的调控技术,发现日粮中粗脂肪含量16.02~18.45%时,能够提高蓝狐生长性能,改善蓝狐的皮毛品质,提高营养物质表观代谢率及氮代谢水平,降低粪氮和尿氮排放量而造成的环境污染。The beneficial effects of this embodiment are: using different energy levels in the winter fur period, by studying the control technology of changing the content of crude fat in the diet of blue foxes, it is found that when the content of crude fat in the diet is 16.02-18.45%, the growth of blue foxes can be improved. Performance, improve the fur quality of blue fox, increase the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients and nitrogen metabolism level, and reduce the environmental pollution caused by fecal nitrogen and urine nitrogen emissions.
本实施方式的特点有:The characteristics of this embodiment are:
与低粗脂肪含量相比:1、对生产性能作用:提高冬毛期蓝狐平均日增重20.79~41.36%,降低料重比15.24~30.87%,降低代谢能增重比6.29~15.88%。Compared with low crude fat content: 1. Effect on production performance: increase the average daily weight gain of blue foxes in the winter fur period by 20.79-41.36%, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio by 15.24-30.87%, and reduce the metabolic energy weight gain ratio by 6.29-15.88%.
2、对蛋白质利用的作用:提高净蛋白利用率5.69~14.34%,提高蛋白质生物学价值4.44~14.05%。2. The effect on protein utilization: increase the net protein utilization rate by 5.69-14.34%, and increase the protein biological value by 4.44-14.05%.
3、动物皮毛质量的作用:提高皮毛长度14.72~14.83%,降低皮毛宽度10.49~18.09%,提高绒毛长度11.47~17.43%。3. The effect of animal fur quality: increase fur length by 14.72-14.83%, reduce fur width by 10.49-18.09%, and increase villi length by 11.47-17.43%.
与高粗脂肪含量相比:1、对生产性能作用:提高冬毛期蓝狐平均日增重 105.81~140.84%,降低料重比52.93~61.61%,降低代谢能增重比52.75~57.58%。Compared with high crude fat content: 1. Effect on production performance: increase the average daily weight gain of blue foxes in the winter fur period by 105.81-140.84%, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio by 52.93-61.61%, and reduce the metabolic energy weight gain ratio by 52.75-57.58%.
2、对蛋白质利用的作用:提高净蛋白利用率最大可达6.53%,提高蛋白质生物学价值最大可达1.57%。2. The effect on protein utilization: the net protein utilization rate can be increased by up to 6.53%, and the biological value of protein can be increased by up to 1.57%.
3、动物皮毛质量的作用:提高皮毛长度1.87~1.97%,降低皮毛宽度最大可达1.58%,提高绒毛长度1.25~6.67%。3. The effect of animal fur quality: increase fur length by 1.87-1.97%, reduce fur width by up to 1.58%, and increase villi length by 1.25-6.67%.
具体实施方式二:本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是:所述的预混料由每千克饲粮提供维生素A 2440IU、维生素D 3400IU、维生素E 25IU、维生素K 3.4mg、维生素B11.0mg、维生素C 75mg、叶酸0.2ug、烟酸9.6mg、泛酸7.4mg、吡哆醇1.8ug、核黄素3.7mg、铜5mg、碘0.15mg、铁20mg、锰4.0mg、硒0.05mg和锌15mg。其它与具体实施方式一相同。Specific embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment 1 is that the premix provides 2440 IU of vitamin A, 3400 IU of vitamin D, 25 IU of vitamin E, 3.4 mg of vitamin K, and 1.0 mg of vitamin B1 per kilogram of diet. mg, vitamin C 75mg, folic acid 0.2ug, niacin 9.6mg, pantothenic acid 7.4mg, pyridoxine 1.8ug, riboflavin 3.7mg, copper 5mg, iodine 0.15mg, iron 20mg, manganese 4.0mg, selenium 0.05mg and zinc 15mg. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二之一不同的是:所述的一种改善蓝狐毛皮品质的全价配合饲料按重量份数由38份膨化玉米、16份豆粕、5.72份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、3份脐子饼、3.5份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、12.1份禽油、0.36份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐和1份预混料组成。其它与具体实施方式一或二相同。Specific embodiment three: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment one or two is: the full-price compound feed for improving the quality of blue fox fur consists of 38 parts by weight of puffed corn, 16 parts of soybean meal, 5.72 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8.5 parts of fish meal, 4.5 parts of meat and bone meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of navel cake, 3.5 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of feather meal, 12.1 parts of poultry oil, 0.36 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 parts of table salt and 1 Part premix composition. Others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是:所述的一种提高冬毛期蓝狐生长性能的饲料按重量份数由36份膨化玉米、17.7份豆粕、5.32份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、2份脐子饼、2.5份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、14.8份禽油、0.36份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐、1份预混料组成。其它与具体实施方式一至三相同。Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 to 3 is that the feed for improving the growth performance of blue foxes in the winter hair stage consists of 36 parts by weight of puffed corn, 17.7 parts of soybean meal, 5.32 parts by weight. 1 part of fermented soybean meal, 8.5 parts of fish meal, 4.5 parts of meat and bone meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 2 parts of navel cake, 2.5 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of feather meal, 14.8 parts of poultry oil, 0.36 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 part of table salt, 1 part Premix composition. Others are the same as the specific embodiments 1 to 3.
具体实施方式五:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是:所述的一种改善蓝狐毛皮品质的全价配合饲料按重量份数由37份膨化玉米、16.7份豆粕、5.52份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、2.5份脐子饼、3份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、13.6份禽油、0.36份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐和1份预混料组成。其它与具体实施方式一至四相同。Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 to 4 is that the full-price compound feed for improving the quality of blue fox fur consists of 37 parts by weight of puffed corn, 16.7 parts of soybean meal, 5.52 parts by weight. 1 part fermented soybean meal, 8.5 parts fish meal, 4.5 parts meat and bone meal, 5 parts chicken meal, 2.5 parts navel cake, 3 parts DDGS, 2 parts feather meal, 13.6 parts poultry oil, 0.36 part calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 part table salt and 1 part Premix composition. Others are the same as the specific embodiments 1 to 4.
采用以下实施例验证本发明的有益效果:Adopt the following examples to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:
实施例一:Embodiment one:
一种改善蓝狐毛皮品质的全价配合饲料按重量份数由38份膨化玉米、16份豆粕、5.72份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、3份脐子饼、3.5份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、12.1份禽油、0.36份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐和1份预混料组成;A full-price compound feed for improving the quality of blue fox fur consists of 38 parts by weight of puffed corn, 16 parts of soybean meal, 5.72 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8.5 parts of fish meal, 4.5 parts of meat and bone meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, and 3 parts of navel cake , 3.5 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of feather meal, 12.1 parts of poultry oil, 0.36 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 parts of table salt and 1 part of premix;
所述的预混料由每千克饲粮提供维生素A 2440IU、维生素D 3400IU、维生素E25IU、维生素K 3.4mg、维生素B1 1.0mg、维生素C 75mg、叶酸0.2ug、烟酸9.6mg、泛酸7.4mg、吡哆醇1.8ug、核黄素3.7mg、铜5mg、碘0.15mg、铁20mg、锰4.0mg、硒0.05mg和锌15mg。The premix provides vitamin A 2440IU, vitamin D 3400IU, vitamin E 25IU, vitamin K 3.4mg , vitamin B1 1.0mg, vitamin C 75mg, folic acid 0.2ug, niacin 9.6mg, pantothenic acid 7.4mg per kilogram of diet , pyridoxine 1.8ug, riboflavin 3.7mg, copper 5mg, iodine 0.15mg, iron 20mg, manganese 4.0mg, selenium 0.05mg and zinc 15mg.
本实施例制备的饲料中粗脂肪含量为18.45%。The crude fat content in the feed prepared in this example was 18.45%.
实施例二:Embodiment two:
一种提高冬毛期蓝狐生长性能的饲料按重量份数由36份膨化玉米、17.7份豆粕、5.32份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、2份脐子饼、2.5份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、14.8份禽油、0.36份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐和1份预混料组成;A kind of feed for improving the growth performance of blue foxes in the winter fur period consists of 36 parts of puffed corn, 17.7 parts of soybean meal, 5.32 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8.5 parts of fish meal, 4.5 parts of meat and bone meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, and 2 parts of umbilicus cake in parts by weight. , 2.5 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of feather meal, 14.8 parts of poultry oil, 0.36 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 parts of table salt and 1 part of premix;
所述的预混料由每千克饲粮提供维生素A 2440IU、维生素D 3400IU、维生素E25IU、维生素K 3.4mg、维生素B1 1.0mg、维生素C 75mg、叶酸0.2ug、烟酸9.6mg、泛酸7.4mg、吡哆醇1.8ug、核黄素3.7mg、铜5mg、碘0.15mg、铁20mg、锰4.0mg、硒0.05mg和锌15mg。The premix provides vitamin A 2440IU, vitamin D 3400IU, vitamin E 25IU, vitamin K 3.4mg , vitamin B1 1.0mg, vitamin C 75mg, folic acid 0.2ug, niacin 9.6mg, pantothenic acid 7.4mg per kilogram of diet , pyridoxine 1.8ug, riboflavin 3.7mg, copper 5mg, iodine 0.15mg, iron 20mg, manganese 4.0mg, selenium 0.05mg and zinc 15mg.
本实施例制备的饲料中粗脂肪含量为16.02%。The content of crude fat in the feed prepared in this example was 16.02%.
对比实验一:对比实验一所述的一种蓝狐的全价配合饲料按重量份数由42.4份膨化玉米、13.71份豆粕、7份发酵豆粕、8份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、4份脐子饼、4份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、7.8份禽油、0.27份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐、1份预混料组成。Comparative experiment one: the full-price compound feed of a kind of blue fox described in comparative experiment one consists of 42.4 parts of puffed corn, 13.71 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8 parts of fish meal, 4.5 parts of meat and bone meal, and 5 parts of chicken Powder, 4 parts navel cake, 4 parts DDGS, 2 parts feather meal, 7.8 parts poultry oil, 0.27 part calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 part salt, 1 part premix.
所述的预混料由每千克饲粮提供维生素A 2440IU、维生素D 3400IU、维生素E25IU、维生素K 3.4mg、维生素B1 1.0mg、维生素C 75mg、叶酸0.2ug、烟酸9.6mg、泛酸7.4mg、吡哆醇1.8ug、核黄素3.7mg、铜5mg、碘0.15mg、铁20mg、锰4.0mg、硒0.05mg和锌15mg。The premix provides vitamin A 2440IU, vitamin D 3400IU, vitamin E 25IU, vitamin K 3.4mg , vitamin B1 1.0mg, vitamin C 75mg, folic acid 0.2ug, niacin 9.6mg, pantothenic acid 7.4mg per kilogram of diet , pyridoxine 1.8ug, riboflavin 3.7mg, copper 5mg, iodine 0.15mg, iron 20mg, manganese 4.0mg, selenium 0.05mg and zinc 15mg.
本对比实验一制备的饲料中粗脂肪含量为12.03%。The content of crude fat in the feed prepared in this comparative experiment 1 was 12.03%.
对比实验二:对比实验二所述的一种蓝狐的全价配合饲料按重量份数由34份膨化玉米、18.56份豆粕、5份发酵豆粕、8.5份鱼粉、4.5份肉骨粉、5份鸡肉粉、2份脐子饼、2.2份DDGS、2份羽毛粉、16.49份禽油、0.43份磷酸氢钙、0.32份食盐、1份预混料组成。Comparative experiment two: the full-price compound feed of a kind of blue fox described in comparative experiment two consists of 34 parts of puffed corn, 18.56 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8.5 parts of fish meal, 4.5 parts of meat and bone meal, and 5 parts of chicken Powder, 2 parts of navel cake, 2.2 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of feather meal, 16.49 parts of poultry oil, 0.43 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32 parts of table salt, and 1 part of premix.
所述的预混料由每千克饲粮提供维生素A 2440IU、维生素D 3400IU、维生素E25IU、维生素K 3.4mg、维生素B1 1.0mg、维生素C 75mg、叶酸0.2ug、烟酸9.6mg、泛酸7.4mg、吡哆醇1.8ug、核黄素3.7mg、铜5mg、碘0.15mg、铁20mg、锰4.0mg、硒0.05mg和锌15mg。The premix provides vitamin A 2440IU, vitamin D 3400IU, vitamin E 25IU, vitamin K 3.4mg , vitamin B1 1.0mg, vitamin C 75mg, folic acid 0.2ug, niacin 9.6mg, pantothenic acid 7.4mg per kilogram of diet , pyridoxine 1.8ug, riboflavin 3.7mg, copper 5mg, iodine 0.15mg, iron 20mg, manganese 4.0mg, selenium 0.05mg and zinc 15mg.
对比实验二制备的饲料中粗脂肪含量为20.02%。The content of crude fat in the feed prepared in comparative experiment 2 was 20.02%.
表1各实施方案饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)%Feed composition and nutritional level (air-dried basis)% of each embodiment scheme of table 1
对实施例一、二及对比实验一、二制备得到的饲料喂养蓝狐并进行相关测试,具体是按以下步骤进行的:The forage prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Experiment 1 and 2 was fed to blue foxes and related tests were carried out, specifically as follows:
1、蓝狐饲养管理1. Blue fox feeding and management
试验基地为讷河市博瑞特蓝狐育种有限公司。试验前对笼舍、食盒、水槽等进行清洗、消毒。试验期蓝狐采用单笼饲养,笼子的尺寸为1.00m×0.70m×0.80m。每天早7:00和晚5:00各饲喂1次,自由采食,让每只狐狸吃饱,自由饮水。试验期统一在室外自然光下进行,由固定的饲养员进行饲养以消除外界环境和管理不同对试验蓝狐造成的影响。每日清洗水槽、食槽。定期对试验场地进行消毒,对试验蓝狐进行防疫,并且在门口设置消毒设施。每日早晚观察各组蓝狐的状况,观察采食饮水是否正常以及粪便是否异常等,并且做好当日记录。The test base is Nehe Boruite Blue Fox Breeding Co., Ltd. Clean and disinfect cages, food boxes, sinks, etc. before the test. During the test period, blue foxes were reared in single cages with a size of 1.00m×0.70m×0.80m. Feed once a day at 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, feed freely, let each fox eat enough and drink water freely. The experimental period was uniformly carried out outdoors under natural light, and was raised by fixed breeders to eliminate the influence of different external environments and management on the experimental blue foxes. Clean sinks and food troughs daily. Disinfect the test site regularly, carry out epidemic prevention for the test blue fox, and set up disinfection facilities at the door. Observe the conditions of the blue foxes in each group every morning and evening, observe whether the food intake and drinking water are normal, and whether the feces are abnormal, etc., and make records on the day.
2、检测指标及检测方法2. Detection indicators and detection methods
2.1生长性能指标的测定2.1 Determination of growth performance indicators
在蓝狐18周龄时,即育成前期末于晨饲前空腹称重,此后在蓝狐26周龄时,即冬毛期末于晨饲前空腹称重,作为冬毛期试验末重,记录冬毛期试验狐体重变化,结算耗料量。At the age of 18 weeks, the blue fox was weighed on an empty stomach before the morning feeding at the end of the early breeding period. After that, at the age of 26 weeks, the blue fox was weighed on an empty stomach before the morning feeding at the end of the winter hair period, and recorded as the final weight of the winter hair period. The body weight of the experimental foxes in the winter fur period was changed, and the feed consumption was calculated.
平均日增重(Average daily gain,g/d)=(阶段末重-始重)/试验天数;Average daily gain (g/d) = (weight at the end of the stage - weight at the beginning)/days of the test;
平均日采食量(Average daily feed intake,g)=阶段总采食量/试验天数;Average daily feed intake (Average daily feed intake, g) = total feed intake for each stage/test days;
料肉比(Feed/Gain,%)=平均日采食量/平均日增重;Feed to meat ratio (Feed/Gain, %) = average daily feed intake/average daily weight gain;
代谢能增重比(Metabolizable energy/Gain,MJ/kg)=平均日采食代谢能/平均日增重Metabolizable energy/Gain (MJ/kg) = average daily metabolizable energy/average daily gain
2.2养分表观代谢率指标的测定2.2 Determination of nutrient apparent metabolic rate index
在试验蓝狐26周龄时即冬毛期末,每组随机挑选6只采食与排粪正常的健康蓝狐作 为消化代谢试验动物(与测定生长指标试验的蓝狐一致)。代谢试验采用全收粪法,试验期内试验蓝狐自由采食、饮水,每天准确记录采食量,收集每只蓝狐每天排泄的粪、尿,清除粪、尿中的毛、料等杂物,并称其重量和体积,每天收集的粪便称重后按鲜重的10%加入质量百分数为10%的盐酸溶液混匀后,于温度为-20℃保存,每天收集的尿液与质量百分数为10%的盐酸溶液按体积比为50:1充分混匀,于温度为-20℃保存,连续收集3天。在全部试验结束后,将采自同一组的粪、尿充分混合均匀,保存于温度为-20℃备用;在试验蓝狐26周龄时即冬毛期末,消化代谢试验样品采集方法与育成前期相同。消化代谢试验期间饲养管理与日常饲养管理完全一样。每组大约选取100g左右粪样进行风干样品的制备,选取的粪样首先在120℃烘箱中烘15min灭酶活后,降至65℃烘干,经24h充分回潮后称重至恒重,粉碎制成待测样品。粗蛋白含量采用凯氏定氮法测定。At the age of 26 weeks, that is, the end of the winter hair period, 6 healthy blue foxes with normal food intake and defecation were randomly selected in each group as the digestion and metabolism test animals (consistent with the blue foxes in the growth index test). The metabolism test adopts the method of collecting feces. During the test period, the blue foxes are free to eat and drink, and the feed intake is accurately recorded every day. After weighing the excrement collected every day, add 10% of the fresh weight to 10% hydrochloric acid solution and mix well, and store it at -20°C. The urine collected every day and the mass The 10% hydrochloric acid solution was mixed thoroughly at a volume ratio of 50:1, stored at -20°C, and collected continuously for 3 days. After all the experiments were completed, the excrement and urine collected from the same group were fully mixed and stored at -20°C for later use; when the experimental blue fox was 26 weeks old, that is, at the end of the winter hair period, the sample collection method for the digestion and metabolism test was the same as that in the early breeding period. same. The feeding management during the digestion and metabolism test was exactly the same as the daily feeding management. About 100g of feces samples were selected from each group for the preparation of air-dried samples. The selected feces samples were first dried in an oven at 120°C for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme activity, and then dried at 65°C. Prepare samples to be tested. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method.
采用凯氏定氮法,称取风干粪样0.2g,准确至0.0001g,无损失地倒入消化管底部,加入混合催化剂(硫酸铜:硫酸钠的质量比为=1:15)3.2g,再加入10mL质量百分数为98%的浓硫酸,静置过夜。次日,在消化电炉上260℃加热40min,之后将消化炉升温至410℃加热30min至消化液呈透明,结束将其离开消化炉,放置通风橱中待消化管不再有气体逸出,冷却后直接采用全自动蛋白分析仪(KT-2300,FOSS)测定粗蛋白质含量。Adopt Kjeldahl method, weigh air-dried feces sample 0.2g, be accurate to 0.0001g, pour into the bottom of digestion tube without loss, add mixed catalyst (copper sulfate: the mass ratio of sodium sulfate is=1:15) 3.2g, Then add 10 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass percentage of 98%, and let stand overnight. The next day, heat on the digestion electric furnace at 260°C for 40 minutes, then raise the temperature of the digestion furnace to 410°C and heat for 30 minutes until the digestive juice becomes transparent, leave the digestion furnace at the end, place it in the fume hood until no gas escapes from the digestion tube, and cool down Afterwards, the crude protein content was determined directly using an automatic protein analyzer (KT-2300, FOSS).
氮沉积(g/d)=食入氮-粪氮-尿氮;Nitrogen deposition (g/d) = ingested nitrogen - fecal nitrogen - urine nitrogen;
净蛋白质利用率(%)=(氮沉积/食入氮)×100;Net protein utilization rate (%)=(nitrogen deposition/ingested nitrogen)×100;
蛋白质生物学效价(%)=[氮沉积/(食入氮-粪氮)]×100。Protein biological titer (%)=[nitrogen deposition/(ingested nitrogen-fecal nitrogen)]×100.
2.3样片采集及处理2.3 Sample collection and processing
在整个试验期结束后,每组选取六只蓝狐,采食后2小时,电击处死,处死后的蓝狐由殖场专业人员测定蓝狐体长(从鼻尖到尾根),然后进行取皮的一系列初加工过程,技术熟练,避免人为因素对毛皮质量的影响。After the end of the whole test period, six blue foxes were selected in each group, and 2 hours after eating, they were killed by electric shock. After the killing, the blue foxes were measured by the farm professionals for their body length (from the tip of the nose to the root of the tail), and then the skin was taken. A series of primary processing processes, skilled technology, to avoid the impact of human factors on the quality of fur.
皮张长度:测狐皮从鼻尖到尾根的距离(cm);Skin length: measure the distance (cm) from the tip of the fox fur to the base of the tail;
针绒毛长度:在每张狐皮背部中线取3个点(颈部、背中部、腰荐部),沿中线将毛皮分开插入有刻度的薄钢板尺测其长度(cm);Needle villi length: Take 3 points (neck, mid-back, and sacrum) on the midline of the back of each fox fur, separate the fur along the midline and insert it into a thin steel ruler with a scale to measure its length (cm);
针绒毛细度:将毛样平放在载玻片上充分展开,并用另一载玻片盖上,两端用胶布封好,在光学显微镜下用目镜测微尺测量针毛和绒毛的直径(μm),然后进行比较。Needle hair fineness: put the wool sample flat on a glass slide and fully expand it, cover it with another glass slide, seal the two ends with adhesive tape, measure the diameter of the needle hair and fluff with an eyepiece micrometer under an optical microscope ( μm), and then compared.
毛皮等级鉴定:聘请毛皮动物专家,根据毛的成熟度、光泽性、针绒毛平齐度、底绒丰厚度以及毛皮色泽或清晰度等对毛皮品质进行鉴定打分,划定等级。Fur grade identification: Hire fur animal experts to evaluate and grade the fur quality according to the maturity, luster, smoothness of needle hair, thick undercoat, and fur color or clarity.
3、测试结果:3. Test results:
表2饲粮不同脂肪水平对冬毛期蓝狐生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different dietary fat levels on the growth performance of blue foxes in the winter fur period
注:同一行指标数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。Note: Different letters on the shoulders of index data in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters or no letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).
与对比实验一相比较,实施例一平均日增重提高41.36%,差异显著(P<0.05);实施例二平均日增重提高20.79%,差异不显著(P>0.05);与对比实验二相比较,实施例一平均日增重提高140.84%,差异显著(P<0.05);实施例二平均日增重提高105.81%,差异显著(P<0.05)。与对比实验一相比较,实施例一料重比降低30.87%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二料重比降低15.24%,差异不显著(P>0.05);与对比实验二相比较,实施例一料重比降低61.61%,差异显著(P<0.05);实施例二料重比降低52.93%,差异显著(P<0.05)。与对比实验一相比较,实施例一代谢能增重比降低15.88%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二代谢能增重比降低6.29%,差异不显著(P>0.05);与对比实验二相比较,实施例一代谢能增重比降低57.58%,差异显著(P<0.05);实施例二代谢能增重比降低52.75%,差异显著(P<0.05)。Compared with comparative experiment one, the average daily gain of embodiment one increased by 41.36%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05); the average daily gain of embodiment two increased by 20.79%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05); In comparison, the average daily gain of Example 1 was increased by 140.84%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05); the average daily gain of Example 2 was increased by 105.81%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Compared with comparative experiment one, the material weight ratio of embodiment one is reduced by 30.87%, and the difference is not significant (P>0.05); the material weight ratio of embodiment two is reduced by 15.24%, and the difference is not significant (P>0.05); In comparison, the material weight ratio in Example 1 is reduced by 61.61%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05); the material weight ratio in Example 2 is reduced by 52.93%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05). Compared with comparative experiment one, the metabolic energy weight gain ratio of embodiment one decreased by 15.88%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05); the metabolic energy weight gain ratio of embodiment two decreased by 6.29%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05); Compared with Experiment 2, the metabolic energy weight gain ratio in Example 1 was reduced by 57.58%, the difference was significant (P<0.05); in Example 2, the metabolic energy weight gain ratio was reduced by 52.75%, the difference was significant (P<0.05).
表3饲粮不同脂肪水平对冬毛期蓝狐氮代谢的影响Table 3 Effects of different fat levels in diets on nitrogen metabolism of blue fox in winter fur season
注:同一行指标数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。Note: Different letters on the shoulders of index data in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters or no letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).
与对比实验一相比较,实施例一净蛋白质利用率提高5.69%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二净蛋白质利用率提高14.34%,差异显著(P<0.05);与对比实验二相比较,实施例一净蛋白质利用率降低1.54%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二净蛋白质利用率提高6.53%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对比实验一相比较,实施例一蛋白质生物学价值提高4.44%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二蛋白质生物学价值提高14.05%,差异显著(P<0.05);与对比实验二相比较,实施例一蛋白质生物学价值降低6.98%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二蛋白质生物学价值提高1.57%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。Compared with comparative experiment one, the net protein utilization rate of embodiment one improves by 5.69%, and the difference is not significant (P>0.05); the net protein utilization rate of embodiment two improves by 14.34%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05); In comparison, in Example 1, the net protein utilization rate decreased by 1.54%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05); in Example 2, the net protein utilization rate increased by 6.53%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Compared with comparative experiment one, the protein biological value of embodiment one improves 4.44%, difference is not significant (P>0.05); embodiment two protein biological value improves 14.05%, difference is significant (P<0.05); In comparison, the biological value of the protein in Example 1 decreased by 6.98%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05); the biological value of the protein in Example 2 increased by 1.57%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05).
表4粮不同脂肪水平对蓝狐毛皮品质的影响Table 4 Effects of different fat levels in grains on the quality of blue fox fur
注:同一行指标数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。Note: Different letters on the shoulders of index data in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters or no letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).
与对比实验一相比较,实施例一皮毛长度提高14.83%,差异显著(P<0.05);实施例二皮毛长度提高14.72%,差异显著(P<0.05);与对比实验二比较,实施例一皮毛长度提高1.97%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二皮毛长度提高1.87%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对比实验一相比较,实施例一皮张宽度降低10.49%,差异显著(P<0.05);实施例二皮张宽度降低18.09%,差异显著(P<0.05);与对比实验二相比较,实施例一皮张宽度提高7.56%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二皮张宽度降低1.58%,差异不显著(P>0.05);Compared with comparative experiment one, the fur length of embodiment one improves by 14.83%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05); the fur length of embodiment two improves by 14.72%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05); compared with comparative experiment two, embodiment one The fur length increased by 1.97%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05); in Example 2, the fur length increased by 1.87%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Compared with comparative experiment one, the width of the skin in embodiment one reduces by 10.49%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05); the width of the skin in embodiment two reduces by 18.09%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05); compared with comparative experiment two, the difference in embodiment The width of a hide increased by 7.56%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05); the width of the hide of Example 2 was reduced by 1.58%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05);
但实施例二比实施例一皮张宽度降低显著(P<0.05)。各组针毛长度差异不显著。与对比实验一相比较,实施例一绒毛长度提高11.47%,差异显著(P<0.05);实施例二绒毛长度提高17.43%,差异显著(P<0.05);与对比实验二比较,实施例一绒毛长度提高1.25%,差异不显著(P>0.05);实施例二绒毛长度提高6.67%,差异不显著(P<0.05)。But embodiment two reduces significantly (P<0.05) than embodiment one skin width. There was no significant difference in the length of guard hair among the groups. Compared with comparative experiment one, the villi length of embodiment one improves by 11.47%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05); the villi length of embodiment two improves by 17.43%, and the difference is significant (P<0.05); compared with comparative experiment two, embodiment one The villi length increased by 1.25%, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05); in Example 2, the villi length increased by 6.67%, and the difference was not significant (P<0.05).
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