CN107004490A - Apparatus and method for making permanent magnet magnetization - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for magnetizing at least one permanent magnet, wherein the apparatus includes a first field guiding element and a second field guiding element. Here, at least one excitation magnet is constructed between the first and second field guiding elements, and a receiving portion for the permanent magnet is constructed in the second field guiding element, wherein the excitation magnet is movable relative to the field guiding element and the permanent magnet around the permanent magnet on a circular track, such that the magnetic field of the excitation magnet magnetizes the permanent magnet in a magnetized position.

Description

Apparatus and method for magnetizing a permanent magnet

technical field

The invention relates to a device and a method for magnetizing permanent magnets of the type according to the independent claims.

Background technique

Devices for magnetizing permanent magnets are known which generate a magnetic field for magnetizing the permanent magnets by means of electromagnetic coils. In this case, the permanent magnet is positioned within the range of the switchable magnetic field by a linear movement. If the blank is to be positioned, the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil is switched on by energizing the electrical coil. Such devices consume a large amount of electrical energy and require measurement technology for the control of the magnetic coils and for electronic monitoring of the magnetizing current.

Contents of the invention

Compared with the prior art, the device according to the invention and the associated method having the features of the independent claims have the advantage that no electrical energy is required for establishing a magnetic field for magnetizing the permanent magnet, because instead of the electromagnetic coil At least one field magnet is used to generate a magnetizing field. Here, the permanent magnets are non-magnetic prior to magnetization. The permanent magnet is thus a magnetic blank prior to the magnetization without a magnetic field. Only through said magnetization are these permanent magnets permanent and possess a magnetic field. The device here has a first field guiding element and a second field guiding element. The field magnet is arranged between the first field guiding element and the second field guiding element. The second field guiding element comprises a receptacle for the permanent magnet. Thus, the permanent magnet can be arranged in the receptacle. Here, the receptacle can be slit-shaped or circular. It is also conceivable that the receptacle imitates the shape of the permanent magnet, so that the permanent magnet can be arranged in the receptacle, and that the walls of the permanent magnet are approximately in line with the receptacle delimiting and The walls facing the permanent magnets are parallel. In this way an optimum retention is ensured for the permanent magnets in the device.

In order to magnetize the permanent magnet, it is necessary to pass through the permanent magnet with a magnetic field. In this case, the magnetic field must be so strong that the permanent magnets are magnetized. In this case, the permanent magnet is completely magnetized and preferably magnetically saturated, which is characterized in that the permanent magnet is maximally magnetized. The magnetization takes place by adding magnetic energy to the permanent magnet. In order to guide the magnetic field of the exciter magnet through the permanent magnet, the exciter magnet and the permanent magnet must be brought into a magnetizing position in which the magnetic field flows through the permanent magnet. To this end, the field magnets perform a relative movement. The relative movement of the field magnets describes a circular path which extends around the permanent magnets and thus in the peripheral direction. The field magnet is thus moved relative to the inner field guiding element and the permanent magnet or the receptacle. In this case, the field magnets execute a relative circular movement. The field magnet is therefore movable relative to the field guiding element and the permanent magnet or the receptacle. In order to magnetize the permanent magnet, the permanent magnet is arranged in the receptacle. The permanent magnet is then brought into a magnetized position relative to the exciter magnet in which a magnetic field flows through the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet is then removed from the receptacle. Such a device implements an advantageous method that allows mass production of magnetized permanent magnets. This mass production of the permanent magnets is particularly cost-effective, since on the one hand no electrical current is required for the magnetization and on the other hand a high number of clock cycles is achieved.

Advantageous developments and alternative embodiments of the subject matter of the independent claims are described in the dependent claims.

Advantageously, the first field guiding element is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, while the second field guiding element is in the shape of a ring segment. In this case, the hollow-cylindrical shape of the first field guiding element and the ring-segment-like shape of the second field guiding element are aligned with respect to the peripheral direction of the device. The second field guiding element is arranged in the first field guiding element. In this case, the second field guiding element is embedded in the hollow cylindrical first field guiding element such that the two field guiding elements are arranged concentrically with respect to one another. The second field guiding element here has a smaller radius than the first field guiding element. The radially outer walls of the two field guiding elements are at least partially arranged opposite each other. The second field guiding element is thus at least partially surrounded by the first field guiding element. It is conceivable for the axial length of the first field guiding element to be greater or smaller than the axial length of the second field guiding element. It is also conceivable for the field guiding elements to have the same axial length. The walls of the first field guiding element do not touch the walls of the second field guiding element. A space is formed between the walls of the first and the second field guiding element, which space extends in the peripheral direction. This space serves as a measure of the difference in the radii of the opposing walls with the two field guiding elements in the radial direction. The space also extends in the axial direction. The opposing walls of the two field guiding elements can be approximately parallel.

The field magnet is arranged in the space between the outer and inner field guiding elements. Here, the field magnet is in the shape of a ring segment. The field magnet has a half-shell shape. The field magnet extends in an axial direction. In this case, the walls of the field magnet and of the field guiding element are approximately parallel to one another. The field magnet is in a movable modular assembly together with the first field guiding element. It is also conceivable for the permanent magnet to be arranged movably between the two field guiding elements. In this case, the field magnet preferably has a small air gap relative to the wall of the field guiding element. Preferably the field magnet is movable in the peripheral direction. In this case, in particular, the first field guiding element is likewise movable in the peripheral direction and preferably performs a movement synchronously with the field magnet. For this purpose, the field magnet and the first field-guiding element are fixedly connected to one another. In this case, it is possible for the field magnet to execute a movement in which the field magnet surrounds the second field-guiding element. In this case, the second field guiding element is fixed in position. The field magnet also surrounds the stationary permanent magnet. In this case, the field magnet surrounds the permanent magnet and the second field-guiding element on a circular path. Preferably, the first field guiding element and/or the field magnet are mounted via ball bearings. In this way, a cost-effective and at the same time fast timing (schnelltaktend) device can be constructed. The field magnet includes a rare earth material. It is conceivable here that the field magnet contains neodymium-iron-boron. Such an exciter magnet is arranged concentrically with respect to the two other field guiding elements. The cylindrical symmetry of the two field guiding elements and of the field magnet has proven to be advantageous for the relative movement on the circular path. A relative movement can thus be achieved on a circular path with a low expenditure of force. Due to the advantageous configuration, the magnetization position can be reached with little energy expenditure. It is also conceivable for the field magnet to be formed from a plurality of individual permanently magnetized magnetic elements which are arranged next to each other and are in contact with one another. The individual magnetic elements are here prismatic and have a triangular or trapezoidal base. After assembly of the individual magnetic elements, these form a half-shell-shaped, ring-segment-shaped field magnet composed of a plurality of individual magnetic elements. These adjacent magnetic elements are all magnetized along the same radial direction. The field magnet is magnetized in a radial direction.

In an advantageous development, a third field guiding element is provided. The third field guiding element is arranged in the second field guiding element. In this case, the third field guiding element is arranged concentrically with respect to the second field guiding element. The third field guiding element is cylindrical here. The third field guiding element is arranged in the second field guiding element such that its outer walls lie opposite one another. Because the third field guiding element is arranged concentrically with respect to the first and the second field guiding element and the third field guiding element is arranged inside the first and the second field guiding element , so said first and said second field guiding elements surround said third field guiding element. The outer walls of the third field guiding element are substantially parallel to the walls of the first and the second field guiding element. The third field-guiding element preferably consists of a cylinder, which consists of a solid material. The walls of the third field guiding element are spaced apart from the walls of the second field guiding element. A gap is thus formed between the second and the third field guiding element. The slot surrounds the third field guiding element over the entire circumference. The slot serves as a receptacle for the permanent magnet. A permanent magnet is pressed into the receptacle. The permanent magnet is housed in the receptacle, which has the shape of a segment of a circular ring and approximately imitates the shape of the permanent magnet. The receptacle extends not only in the peripheral direction but also in the axial direction. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the permanent magnet has a half-shell shape. The permanent magnet is in the shape of a ring segment. However, it is also conceivable to insert the permanent magnet, which has the shape of a hollow cylinder and is a so-called ring magnet, into the gap or the receptacle. To this end, the receptacle must likewise be annular. It is also conceivable to use square permanent magnets. Such permanent magnets have a flat shape. Accordingly, the receiving portion is shaped like a slit and has no curvature. It is also conceivable to arrange a rod-shaped magnet in the receptacle between the third and the second field guiding element. In this case, the rod consists of a magnetizable round material or flat material. Reliable positioning of the permanent magnet is ensured by the third field guiding element. At the same time, an efficient magnetization of the permanent magnets is ensured, since the third field-guiding element ensures a low-leakage guidance of the magnetic field lines.

Advantageously, the device has more than one field magnet. Here, the field magnets are not in contact with each other. The field magnets are preferably circular segment-shaped, wherein the field magnets are arranged next to each other with respect to the peripheral direction. The individual field magnets can consist of magnetic elements which, unlike the field magnets, are in contact with one another. The field magnets are not in contact with each other. Two or four or six field magnets can be arranged between the first and the second field guiding element. It is advantageous to use two field magnets if two magnetic blanks are to be magnetized. Four field magnets are used if four permanent magnets are to be magnetized, and six field magnets are used if six permanent magnets are to be magnetized. It is also conceivable to magnetize only one permanent magnet with two field magnets. In this case, the magnetic field lines of the two field magnets pass through only one permanent magnet. It is also possible to use more than two field magnets for the magnetization of one permanent magnet. It is also conceivable to magnetize a ring magnet with several field magnets, so that the ring magnet has a plurality of magnetic poles. In this case, the field magnet is magnetized in a radial direction. Through the free selection of the number of field magnets and thus the number of poles, permanent magnets of very different shapes can be magnetized. In this case, the permanent magnets can be assigned very different numbers of poles. Here, the poles in a magnet are characterized by their magnetization direction. It is thus conceivable, for example, that the ring magnet has at least two poles. Such a ring magnet comprises two regions which have different—in particular radial—magnetization directions. The number of poles reflects the number of regions with different magnetization directions.

The second field-guiding element is formed by a segment-shaped portion of a circular ring, which preferably extends in the peripheral direction and is thus half-shell-shaped. The portions are arranged along the peripheral direction. The portions are not in mutual contact and are arranged adjacent to each other with respect to the peripheral direction. A cavity is thus formed between the parts, wherein the cavity is arranged between two adjacent parts with respect to the peripheral direction. Depending on the number of field magnets, it is advantageous to adjust the number of portions of the second field guiding element. It is conceivable here to use two or four or six ring segment-shaped parts for forming the second field guiding element. In this case, the parts of the second field guiding element are arranged next to each other in the peripheral direction, so that they are arranged adjacently on a circular line. Preferably, as many parts of the second field guiding elements as there are field magnets are arranged in the device. This means that if two permanent magnets are installed in the device, there are two parts of the second field guiding element. However, it is also conceivable to arrange more parts of the field guiding element than permanent magnets in the arrangement. It is also possible to arrange fewer parts of the second field guiding element than there are permanent magnets in the arrangement. Furthermore, it is possible for parts of the second field guiding element to extend in the peripheral direction over the same angular range as the field magnet, so that the parts and the permanent magnet have the same dimensions. In this case, the parts all have the same extent in the peripheral direction. However, it is also possible for the parts to have different angles in the peripheral direction. By freely selecting the options for the size and number of the segments, it is possible to realize very different kinds of magnetic blanks and very different numbers of poles in said magnetic blanks. Thus, a pole in the magnetic blank is produced by a directional magnetic field penetrating in a continuous region. The magnetic field is introduced into the region of the permanent magnet via at least one field magnet and preferably parts of the second field guiding element. With respect to the parts, an alternative embodiment is possible in which a part is formed from at least two individual subunits which are in contact with one another. Here too, the subunits are not permanently magnetic and guide the magnetic field well. If the subunits are assembled, a part of the second field guiding element is produced.

An auxiliary magnet can advantageously be arranged in the cavity between two adjacent parts of the second field guiding element. In this case, the auxiliary magnet is arranged with respect to the peripheral direction between two adjacent parts. The auxiliary magnet is also arranged in the same position as the section in the radial direction, so that the auxiliary magnet extends within the same radius as the section. Here, the auxiliary magnet is magnetized in a tangential direction with respect to the peripheral direction. The use of auxiliary magnets increases the efficiency of the device because stray magnetic fields are suppressed.

Preferably, the third field-guiding element serves as a receiving mandrel. The receiving spindle is inserted into the pole housing of the electric machine here. In this case, at least one permanent magnet is arranged inside the pole housing. After the receiving mandrel is arranged in the pole housing, the permanent magnet is between the pole housing and the receiving mandrel. The pole housing is a pot-shaped and preferably metallic housing part of the electric machine, on the radial inner wall of which the magnets are arranged. These magnets can be fixed on the inner wall of the pole housing before they are magnetized. Thus, the permanent magnet can be magnetized during its arrangement in the pole housing. The permanent magnets can be fixed on the inner wall of the pole housing by gluing and/or retaining springs which exert a force on the permanent magnets, pressing them against the on the inner wall. The force of the retaining spring is elastic force. Since the permanent magnets are not yet magnetized in the pole housing, they can be inserted into the device and in this cost-effective manner assembled and ready for series production . A pole housing with a magnetized magnet. It is conceivable here to place the pole housing in the receiving mandrel which is arranged beforehand in the device. As a result, the pole housing only has to be inserted into the device and removed from it again after magnetization. The third field guiding element is here fixedly arranged in the device.

It is also conceivable that the third field guiding element can be removed so that the receiving mandrel can be easily exchanged. This has the advantage that specific receiving mandrels for the different pole housings and permanent magnets can be inserted into the device. Another advantage is the possibility of equipping the receiving mandrel with the pole housing on the outside of the device. It is advantageous here to remove the receiving mandrel from the device in the axial direction and to place the pole housing with the permanent magnets on the mandrel outside the device. After the pole housing has been placed, the receiving mandrel together with the pole housing and the permanent magnet is again inserted into the machine in order to be magnetized there. After magnetization, the receiving mandrel together with the pole housing and the permanent magnet is removed from the machine again. Thereafter, the pole housing with the permanent magnets is detached from the spindle and the pole housing with the unmagnetized blank is placed again.

If the device is equipped with a permanent magnet that has not yet been magnetized, the exciter magnet performs a movement until it reaches the magnetized position. In this case, the permanent magnets execute a circular movement. The circular movement extends in the direction of the periphery of the device. The movement is performed by the field magnet around the second field guiding element. In this case, the second field-guiding element is fixed in position relative to the entire device. Likewise, the third field guiding element and the permanent magnet are fixed in position. When the field magnet is in the magnetized position, the magnetic field lines flow through the first field guiding element, the second field guiding element, the permanent magnet and the third field guiding element, thereby constructing Closed magnetic field path. The permanent magnets are magnetized here. After the permanent magnet has been magnetized, the exciter magnet is moved from the magnetized position into the short-circuit position. In the short-circuit position, the permanent magnet is not flowed through by the magnetic field. In the short-circuit position, the first field guiding element and the second field guiding element are flowed through by the magnetic field. When the field magnet is in the short-circuit position, the third field-guiding element and the permanent magnet are not flowed through by the magnetic field because the magnetic field of the field magnet is short-circuited by the second field-guiding element. When the device is in the short-circuit position, the permanent magnet is inserted into the device or removed from the device. This has the advantage that no forces act on the permanent magnet during its insertion into or removal from the device. Likewise, the receiving mandrel is inserted into the device when the field magnet is in the short-circuit position.

Description of drawings

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and explained in detail in the following description. In the attached picture:

FIG. 1 a shows a cross-section of a bipolar device according to the invention with a pole housing having permanent magnets, wherein the device is in the short-circuit position;

FIG. 1 b shows a representation of a bipolar device according to the invention in a magnetized position;

Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a quadrupole arrangement according to the invention in a short-circuit position; and

FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a hexapole arrangement according to the invention in the short-circuit position.

detailed description

FIG. 1 a shows a cross section of a device 10 according to the invention. The device 10 has a hollow cylindrical first field guiding element 101 . The first field guiding element 101 is preferably closed in peripheral direction 1 . In this case, the first field guiding element 101 extends along the axial direction 2 . The hollow-cylindrical field-guiding element 101 is annular and extends in the peripheral direction 1 in a closed manner. The first field guiding element 101 has a central recess which extends in the axial direction 2 . The recess in the first field guiding element 101 is preferably cylindrical, so that the hollow cylindrical first field guiding element 101 is hollow. The first field guiding element 101 has a wall thickness in the radial direction 3 . The first field guiding element 101 serves to guide a magnetic field 120 . In this case, the magnetic field 120 is guided in the wall of the first field guiding element 101 substantially along the peripheral direction 1 . “Essentially” means that the magnetic field 120 also has a field component which is not directed in the peripheral direction 1 but in the radial direction 3 and the axial direction 2 . However, the magnetic field 120 is arranged substantially aligned in the peripheral direction 1 within the first field guiding element 101 .

Two field magnets 110 are arranged inside the first field guiding element 101 . The field magnet 110 is half-shell-shaped, and thus has a slot-like shape. The field magnet 110 is circular segment-shaped and extends not only in the peripheral direction 1 but also in the axial direction 2 . The radially outer wall of field magnet 110 is approximately parallel to the radially inwardly directed wall of first field guiding element 101 . In this case, the field magnet 110 extends along the first field guiding element 1 in the axial direction 2 . In this case, the field magnet 110 can be as long as or longer or shorter than the first field guiding element 1 with respect to the axial direction 2 . The field magnet 110 is magnetized in the radial direction 2 . Exciting magnet 110 thus directs its magnetic field 120 into first field guiding element 101 . The field magnet 110 is arranged in the first field guiding element 101 in such a way that it can move in the circumferential direction 2 . As a result, the field magnet 110 can move on a circular path 111 in the peripheral direction 1 . In this case, field magnet 110 surrounds the axis of rotational symmetry of first field guiding element 101 . The field magnet 110 moves on a circular track 111 . It is particularly advantageous here if the field magnet 110 executes a movement on the rail 111 together with the first field guiding element 101 . In this case, the field magnet 110 is in a fixed arrangement with the first field guiding element 101 and is preferably in contact with the first field guiding element with its radially outwardly facing side, so that with respect to the radial In direction 2, the walls on the outer side of the field magnet 110 and the walls on the inner side of the first flux guiding element 101 are in contact with each other. It is also conceivable that only field magnet 110 moves along the radially inner wall of first field guiding element 101 . The field magnet 110 preferably comprises a rare earth material such as neodymium-iron-boron. The two field magnets 110 in Figures 1a and 1b are not in contact with each other. The two field magnets 110 are spaced apart from each other along the peripheral direction 1 . A gap 113 is thus formed between the field magnets 110 . The gap 113 is located at the same position as the field magnet 110 in the radial direction 3 . The gap 113 has the same extent in the radial direction 3 as the field magnet 110 . Likewise, the gap extends along the axial direction 2 over the entire length of the field magnet 110 .

Two parts 1020 of the second field guiding element 102 are arranged in the first field guiding element 101 . The part 1020 of the second field guiding element 102 is here in the shape of a circular ring segment. The portion 1020 extends in the peripheral direction 1 and in the axial direction 2 and in the radial direction 3 . In this case, the section 1020 can be as long as or shorter or longer than the field magnet 110 or the first field guiding element 101 . Part 1020 of the second field guiding element 102 is arranged concentrically with respect to the field magnet 110 and the first field guiding element 101 . In this case, the radially outer wall of part 1020 is situated opposite the radially inner wall of field magnet 110 and of first field guiding element 101 . The walls are approximately parallel to each other. The field guiding elements 101 , 102 are metallic and guide a magnetic field 120 . The magnetic field 120 emitted by the field magnet 110 is guided through the first field guiding element 101 , as a kind of magnetischer Rückschlussring, and via the second field guiding element 102 . The second field guiding element 102 is fixed in position. The first field guiding element 101 executes a circular movement together with the field magnet 110 . The movable field magnet 110 is positioned in the short-circuit position 211 in FIG. 1 a. In the short-circuit position 211 the magnetic field flows through the first field guiding element 101 and the second field guiding element 102 . In this case, the magnetic field 120 flows through the second field-guiding element 102 and the first field-guiding element 101 essentially in the circumferential direction 1 .

A third field guiding element 103 is arranged concentrically with respect to the first field guiding element 101 , the field magnet 110 and the second field guiding element 102 , wherein the third field guiding element 103 is cylindrical. In this case, the radially outer wall of the third field guiding element 103 lies opposite the walls of the first and second field guiding elements 101 , 102 . The walls of the field guiding elements 101 , 102 , 103 are approximately parallel to each other. The third field guiding element 103 serves as a receiving spindle 1030 for a pole housing 202 of an electric machine, in which the permanent magnet 201 is arranged. The permanent magnet 201 is fixed on the inner wall of the pole housing 1030 . Fix the permanent magnet 201 inside the pole housing 202 by gluing or by applying a spring force to the permanent magnet element 201 by a mechanical fixing device, such as a clip (Spange) or a clip, so that These permanent magnets press against the inner wall of the pole housing 202 . These clips, clips and adhesives are not shown. The device 10 is suitable for magnetizing a bipolar pole housing 202 . Thus, two field magnets 110 and two parts 1020 of the second field guiding element 102 are arranged in the device 10 . A gap 203 is formed between the third field guiding element 103 and the second field guiding element 102 . The permanent magnet 201 together with the pole housing 202 is arranged in the gap 203 . The third field guiding element 103 is also fixed in position. In the short-circuit position 211 the third field guiding element 103 is not flowed through by the magnetic field 120 . The magnetic field 120 thus does not flow through the permanent magnet 201 . The third field guiding element 103 can be removed from the device 10 . In this case, the third field guiding element 103 can be equipped with a pole housing 202 containing a permanent magnet 201 when it is removed from the device 10 . For this purpose, the pole housing 202 with the permanent magnets 110 is pushed onto the third field guiding element 103 serving as a receiving arbor 1030 , so that the receiving arbor 1030 is arranged inside the pole housing 202 . In this case, the permanent magnet 201 is arranged between the wall of the pole housing 202 and the wall of the receiving spindle 1030 . The walls of the permanent magnet 201 and the walls of the receiving mandrel 1030 are here approximately parallel. Preferably said receiving mandrel 1030 and said permanent magnet 201 are in contact with each other. The receiving mandrel 1030 is inserted again into the device 10 together with the pole housing 202 with the permanent magnet 201 placed thereon. After the insertion, the radially outer wall of the pole housing 202 is approximately parallel to the wall of the part 1020 , the radially outer wall facing the second field guiding element 102 Section 1020. Preferably, the pole housing 202 and the part 1020 of the second field guiding element 102 are in contact with each other. The gap 203 thus serves as a receptacle 20 for the permanent magnet 201 . However, it is also conceivable that the third field guiding element 103 cannot be removed from the device 10 , so that the pole housing 202 with the permanent magnets 201 is inserted into the device 10 and placed there in an already previously arranged position. On the third field guiding element 103 in the device 10 .

The bipolar device 10 of FIG. 1 a is shown in FIG. 1 b. The exciter magnet 110 in FIG. 1 b is in the magnetized position 210 . In the magnetization device 210 , an exciter magnet 110 is directly opposite only one of the parts 1020 of the second field guiding element 102 , whereas in the short-circuit position 211 an exciter magnet 110 is directly opposite both parts 1020 positioned such that the two field magnets 110 are magnetically connected by the two parts 120 . The field magnet 110 is thus short-circuited by the section 1020 . Thus, the magnetic field lines 120 can flow from the field magnet 110 via the portion 1020 of the second field guiding element 102 to the opposite field magnet 110 without passing through the permanent magnet 201 or the third field guiding element. 103. In the magnetization position 210 the magnetic field lines 120 run on the one hand through the first field guiding element 101 and on the other hand through the second field guiding element 102 , the permanent magnet 201 and the third field guiding element 103 to extend. A magnetic path leading through the permanent magnet 201 is thus formed. A cavity 1021 is arranged between the parts 1020 of the second field guiding element 102 . The cavity 1021 extends between two adjacent parts 1020 along the peripheral direction. The cavity 1021 is at the same height as the part 1020 in the radial direction 3 . In short-circuit position 211 , cavity 1021 is bridged by field magnet 110 . In the magnetization position 211 , the gap 113 between the two field magnets 110 is radially adjacent to the cavity 1021 . The cavity 1021 is thus not bridged.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section through another device 10 according to the invention. The device 10 is shown in a quadrupole configuration. Instead of having two field magnets 110 as in FIGS. 1 a,b, the device in FIG. 2 has four field magnets 110 . The field magnet 110 is magnetized in the radial direction 3 here. Opposite field magnets 110 are correspondingly polarized in opposite directions, so that their magnetic field lines 120 repel each other while their magnetic field lines 120 run in the radial direction 2 towards the center of the device 10 . For polarities in the same direction, the field lines 120 flow from one field magnet 110 to the other field magnet and penetrate into this field magnet. However, it is also conceivable for field magnets 110 to be polarized in the same direction. Likewise, the second field guiding element 102 has four sections 1020 . An auxiliary magnet 112 is arranged in the cavity 1021 . The auxiliary magnet 112 is fixed in position. The auxiliary magnet 112 comprises a rare earth material and is polarized along the peripheral direction 1 . The auxiliary magnet 112 can also be used in the bipolar device 10 of FIG. 1 . The four-pole arrangement 10 of FIG. 2 is equipped with a pole housing 202 having four permanent magnets 201 . In this case, the permanent magnet 201 is arranged inside the pole housing 202 as in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 shows a hexapole arrangement 10 . The device 10 has six field magnets 110 , six parts 1020 of said second field guiding element 102 and six permanent magnets 201 .

Furthermore, all features of the device 10 according to the invention can be combined with one another. Furthermore, features from the description of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b also apply to FIGS. 2 and 3 . The permanent magnets 201 for electric machines can be magnetized with the device 10 in different embodiments. However, it is also conceivable to produce permanent magnets for other applications than for electric machines. The permanent magnet 201 here consists of a ferrite material. However, it is also possible to use permanent magnets 201 made of rare earth materials. The field guiding elements 101 , 102 , 103 are here preferably produced from a solid material. The material is not permanently magnetic, but is magnetically permeable. It is conceivable for the field guiding elements 101 , 102 , 103 to consist of electrical steel sheets. Such field guiding elements 101 , 102 , 103 constructed from electrical steel sheets have a laminated structure. The advantage of the laminated structure results from low magnetic leakage losses. The field guiding elements 101 , 102 , 103 are not permanently magnetic, but they guide the magnetic flux well.

Claims (16)

1. A device (10) for magnetizing at least one permanent magnet (201), wherein said device (10) comprises a first field guiding element (101) and a second field guiding element (102), wherein in said At least one field magnet (110) is configured between one and the second field guiding element (101, 102), and in the second field guiding element (102) is configured for the permanent magnet (201) The receiving part (20), wherein the field magnet (110) can surround the permanent The magnet (201) is moved such that the magnetic field (120) of the field magnet (110) in the magnetized position (210) magnetizes the permanent magnet (201). 2. The device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first field guiding element (101) is hollow cylindrical, and the second field guiding element (102) is along the peripheral direction (1 ) is in the shape of a ring segment, wherein the second field guiding element is arranged in the first field guiding element (101, 102) such that the field guiding elements (101, 102) are arranged concentrically with each other, wherein the The radially outer walls of the field guiding element are at least partially opposite each other. 3. The device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the field magnet (110) is in the shape of a ring segment and extends in the axial direction (2), wherein the field magnet (110 ) and the walls of the first and second field guiding elements (101, 102) are substantially parallel to each other. 4 . The device ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that a third field guiding element ( 103 ) is arranged inside the second field guiding element ( 102 ), wherein the first Three field guiding elements (103) are cylindrical, such that the third field guiding element is arranged concentrically with respect to the first and second field guiding elements (101, 102) such that the walls of the field guiding elements body opposite, wherein a gap (203) is formed between the second and the third field guiding element (102, 103), the gap being a receptacle (20) for the permanent magnet (201) ). 5 . The device ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the field magnet ( 110 ) is movable in the peripheral direction ( 1 ), so that the field magnet ( 110 ) moves in its surrounds the second field guiding element ( 102 ) and is preferably supported by ball bearings. 6. The device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two or four or six field magnets (110) are arranged between the first and the second field guiding element ( 101, 102), wherein the field magnet (110) is magnetized along the radial direction (3). 7 . The device ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the second field guiding element ( 102 ) consists of two, four or six circular ring segment-shaped parts ( 1020 ). constitute. 8 . The device ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the second field guiding element ( 102 ) is guided not only in the peripheral direction ( 1 ) but also in the radial direction ( 3 ). An auxiliary magnet (112) is arranged between two adjacent parts (1020) of the , wherein the auxiliary magnet (112) is magnetized tangentially to the peripheral direction (1). 9 . The device ( 10 ) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the third field guiding element ( 103 ) is used as a permanent magnet ( 201 ) for the interior of a pole housing ( 202 ) of an electric machine. receiving mandrel (1030) such that the pole housing (202) is placed onto the receiving mandrel (1031), wherein between the receiving mandrel (1031) and the pole housing (202) The permanent magnets (201) are arranged. 10 . The device ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the third field guiding element ( 103 ) can be moved from the second field guiding element ( 103 ) along the axial direction ( 2 ). 102). 11. Method for magnetizing a permanent magnet (201) according to claim 1, said method comprising the following steps: - arranging said permanent magnet (201 ) in said receptacle (20); - making the field magnet (110) relatively move around the permanent magnet (201) on a circular track (111) along the peripheral direction (1); - magnetizing said permanent magnet (201); - Take out said permanent magnet (201). 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the third field guiding element (103) is inserted into the pole housing (202) with the permanent magnet (201) and the A third field guiding element (103) is arranged concentrically together with the pole housing (202) in the second field guiding element (102). 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that firstly the third field guiding element (103) is arranged in the second field guiding element (102) and thereafter the pole housing ( 202 ) is axially displaced together with the permanent magnet ( 201 ) inside the second field guiding element ( 102 ) onto the third field guiding element ( 103 ). 14 . The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the field magnet ( 110 ) is moved around the second field guiding element ( 102 ) in peripheral direction ( 1 ) until the The field magnet (110) is positioned in a magnetization position (210), wherein the magnetic field (120) flows through the field directing elements (101, 102, 103) and the permanent magnet (201), and thereby magnetizes said permanent magnet (201). 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the exciter magnet (110) is moved until it is in a short-circuit position (211), in which the magnetic field (120 ) flows through the first and second field guiding elements (101, 103), but not through the third field guiding element (103) and the permanent magnet (201). 16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnet (201) is removed from the device when the field magnet (110) is in the short-circuit position (211) (10) and/or put into it.