CN106978839A - A kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive system for collecting, purifying and utilizing rainwater in a sponge city, which includes a roof rainwater collection area, a road rainwater collection area, a green area rainwater collection area, a water collection and sedimentation tank, a purification device and a water storage tank. The roof rainwater collection area An anti-evaporation layer, a soil layer, a water supply layer and a purification layer are arranged sequentially from top to bottom; horizontal and vertical water collection pipes are arranged in the gravel layer at the bottom of the road rainwater collection area; An anti-evaporation layer, a soil layer, a coarse sand layer, and a purification layer are arranged in sequence; a filter grid is arranged in the middle of the reservoir, water inlet holes and overflow holes are arranged in the upper part, and a water pump is arranged in the bottom. The invention can not only green and beautify the urban environment, but also alleviate the pressure of urban rain and flood, absorb pollutants in rainwater, save water resources, improve rainwater utilization efficiency, and have important references for the control of non-point source pollution in sponge cities and the alleviation of urban water shortage significance.

Description

A comprehensive system for rainwater collection, purification and utilization in a sponge city

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sponge city construction and rainwater resource utilization, and in particular relates to a comprehensive system for collecting, purifying and utilizing rainwater in a sponge city.

Background technique

my country is a country seriously short of water resources. According to statistics, among more than 600 cities in the country, more than 50% of the cities are short of water, and nearly 20% of the cities are seriously short of water. In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization, the area of urban green space has gradually decreased, and most of the green spaces, wetlands, ditches and other areas that originally had the function of water conservation have evolved into hardened ground. The drainage of the pipe network has caused frequent waterlogging disasters and serious runoff pollution; but after the heavy rain, it has fallen into the dilemma of dryness and water shortage, and the heat island effect is significant. The phenomenon of "waterlogging every time it rains, and drought after rain" makes the urban water ecology face two extremes: on the one hand, urban waterlogging is serious, and rainwater management has become a safety hazard affecting urban development; on the other hand, most cities lack Water is serious, and the supply of water resources is seriously insufficient, especially the contradiction between severe water shortage in drought period and large amount of rainwater discharged outside in rainy period, and the drainage system is overwhelmed.

Sponge city refers to a city that can be like a sponge and has good flexibility in adapting to environmental changes and responding to natural disasters. When it rains, it absorbs, stores, infiltrates, and purifies water, and releases and utilizes the stored water when needed. Sponge city construction should follow the principles of ecological priority, combine natural approaches with artificial measures, and ensure the safety of urban drainage and waterlogging, maximize the accumulation, infiltration and purification of rainwater in urban areas, and promote the utilization of rainwater resources and ecological environment protection. Rainwater is an important source of urban water resources. Collecting and purifying rainwater for reuse can not only reduce the pressure of urban flood control and drainage, reduce the cost of pipe network construction, but also regulate and supplement regional water resources. Sponge city, as a path to restore urban water ecology, can realize water recycling and regeneration, save water, solve the increasingly serious ecological crisis of water environment faced by more and more cities, and minimize the damage to the original city. Destruction of the aquatic environment.

There are many deficiencies in conventional rainwater harvesting and utilization: conventional rainwater utilization technologies generally have a single function, such as rainwater collection, rainwater purification and other functions, without a good connection between various comprehensive functions, and without consideration of comprehensive intelligent management, the system does not operate well. Stable, cannot make full use of rainwater resources; natural rainwater often carries a large amount of domestic garbage and pollutants on the ground, and the unpurified rainwater is discharged into the natural environment, which will aggravate the pollution of natural water bodies; when encountering heavy rain, it will As a result, the urban surface runoff has increased significantly, and the flood discharge capacity of the municipal pipe network is far from sufficient, causing road floods and waterlogging; conventional rainwater purification systems often do not consider the purification process from the time of collecting rainwater, resulting in high purification costs and low purification efficiency.

In summary, the current rainwater collection and utilization system can no longer meet the needs of sponge city construction. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the concepts of natural accumulation, natural infiltration and natural purification of sponge city to develop a system that can not only green and beautify the urban environment, but also It can also relieve urban rain and flood pressure, absorb pollutants in rainwater, and realize rainwater collection and utilization system with comprehensive functions for sponge city rainwater utilization, energy-saving utilization and urban non-point source pollution control.

Contents of the invention

In view of the problems in the background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive system for collecting, purifying and utilizing rainwater in a sponge city, which can not only collect, purify and reuse urban rainwater or surface runoff, but also relieve urban rainwater pressure and absorb rainwater Pollutants, saving water resources and improving rainwater utilization efficiency have important reference significance for the control of non-point source pollution in sponge cities and the alleviation of urban water shortages.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts a technical solution for a sponge city rainwater collection, purification and utilization comprehensive system: including roof rainwater collection area, road rainwater collection area, green space rainwater collection area, water collection and sand settling tank, purification device and water storage The rainwater collection area on the roof is provided with an anti-evaporation layer, a soil layer, a water supply layer and a purification layer in sequence from top to bottom, a permeable geotextile is arranged between the soil layer and the water supply layer, and one side of the purification layer Drainage holes are provided, and the drainage holes are connected to the roof drainage pipe, and the bottom of the roof drainage pipe is provided with a purification ditch; the bottom gravel layer of the road rainwater collection area is provided with horizontal and vertical water collection pipes; the green land rainwater One side of the collection area is provided with a water inlet, and the other side is provided with a water outlet at a corresponding position, and an anti-evaporation layer, a soil layer, a coarse sand layer, and a purification layer are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. There are water-absorbing rods, the two sides of the purification layer extend to the anti-evaporation layer, and the cross-sectional structure is U-shaped, and the contact part between the purification layer and the soil layer and the coarse sand layer is provided with a permeable geotextile; the top of the water collection and sedimentation tank is provided with There is an inspection cover plate, an overflow hole is set on the upper part, a water outlet is set on the side, and a funnel-shaped sand discharge hole is set on the bottom, and the sand discharge hole is connected with a sand discharge pump; the purification device is composed of several purification units arranged in combination with each other. A permeable geotextile is arranged between the purification units arranged up and down adjacently, and a gravel cushion is arranged between the surroundings of the purification device and the underground soil layer; a filter grill is arranged in the middle of the reservoir, and a The water inlet hole and the overflow hole are provided with a water pump at the bottom.

Preferably, the water supply layer is made of plastic or ceramic material, with several inverted cup-shaped protrusions distributed on the surface, and several small holes are distributed on the top of the inverted cup-shaped protrusions, and the grooves between adjacent inverted cup-shaped protrusions Filled with coarse sand.

Preferably, the top of the purification ditch is provided with a cover plate, and the bottom is provided with a water outlet, and the purification ditch is filled with a purification layer 2/3 of its height.

Preferably, the purification layer is composed of pebbles or ceramsite mixed with activated carbon, and the proportion of activated carbon is not less than 20%.

Preferably, the water-absorbing rod is a hollow tube made of plastic or ceramic material, and several water-seepage holes are distributed on the surface of the hollow tube, and the inside is filled with super-absorbent fiber, water-absorbent sponge or super-absorbent resin.

Preferably, the purification ditch, the road rainwater collection area, the green rainwater collection area, the water collection and sedimentation tank, the purification device and the reservoir are connected to each other as a whole through a water pipe, and the lower part of the water pipe is made of impermeable concrete, The upper part is made of permeable concrete, and a trash rack is arranged at the water inlet of the water delivery pipe.

Preferably, the water delivery pipe between the water collection and desilting tank and the purification device is provided with an electronic valve switch, a water level monitoring device is provided in the water collecting and desilting tank, a water level monitoring device and water quality monitoring device are provided in the water storage tank. The monitoring device, the electronic valve switch, the water level monitoring device and the water quality monitoring device are respectively connected with the automatic controller.

Preferably, the sand discharge pump and the water suction pump are respectively connected to an automatic controller.

Preferably, the purification unit is made of plastic or ceramic material into a cuboid or cube with a cavity, and the cavity is filled with quartz sand and activated carbon modules, and one surface of the cuboid or cube is provided with a cylindrical concave hole, and A cylindrical convex hole is provided on the opposite side or side corresponding to the cylindrical concave hole, and the shape and size of the concave hole and the convex hole match and can be linked with each other.

Preferably, the overflow hole is connected to a municipal drainage pipe, and the water pump is connected to a municipal fire protection or irrigation pipe network.

Preferably, the interior of the water collection and sedimentation tank and the reservoir is plastered with cement mortar and treated with anti-seepage.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect: by setting the roof rainwater collection area, road rainwater collection area, and green space rainwater collection area, the infiltrated rainwater can be initially purified through the planting layer or surface soil, and the rainwater can be recovered. Purify and collect, and then enter the purification device for secondary centralized purification, using filter materials to adsorb heavy metals and other pollutants in the water body to achieve thorough purification of rainwater; by setting up a water supply layer in the roof rainwater collection area and greening the rainwater collection and purification area Set up water-absorbing rods, which can transport the water collected from the lower part of the soil from the bottom to the roots of the plants, automatically irrigate the green plants on the ground for a long time, effectively use natural rainwater, and reduce the cost of artificial watering. At the same time, the green plants planted create a beautiful landscape environment, giving people The beautiful vision gives people a beautiful enjoyment, and it can also play a role in energy saving, emission reduction, and mitigation of the heat island effect; water level and water quality monitoring devices are installed in the water collection and sedimentation tanks and reservoirs, and the water delivery pipes are equipped with electronic valve switches. They are respectively connected with the automatic controller, and the automatic controller can be used for real-time monitoring and automatic control of the rainwater treatment in the area, and the operation is simple and easy; The collection, purification and storage of rainwater can also store and retain rainwater, reducing surface runoff. In the rainstorm season, excess rainwater enters the municipal drainage pipe network through the overflow hole, and finally effectively alleviates urban waterlogging and ensures urban safety. Maintain urban ecosystem functions.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall plane layout structure of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural representation of the roof rainwater collection area of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the purification ditch of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural representation of the green space rainwater collection area of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a single purification unit of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the clean water flow of the purification device of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water delivery pipe of the present invention.

Legend: 1-building; 2-roof rainwater collection area; 2.1-small hole; 2.2-inverted cup-shaped protrusion; 2.3-roof drainage hole; 3-cleaning ditch; 3.1-cleaning ditch cover; Water outlet; 4-road rainwater collection area; 5-green rainwater collection area; 5.1-water absorption rod; 5.2-green water inlet; 5.3-green water outlet; 7.2-cylindrical convex hole; 7.3-quartz sand and activated carbon module; 8-reservoir; 9-automatic controller; 10-roof drainage pipe; 11-water pipe; 11.1-pervious concrete; 11.2-no Permeable concrete; 12-horizontal water collection pipe; 13-longitudinal water collection pipe; 14-overhaul cover; 15-overflow hole; 16-water collection and sedimentation tank outlet; Water level monitoring device; 20-electronic valve switch; 21-gravel cushion; 22-permeable geotextile; 23-water quality monitoring device; 24-filter grid; -water flow direction; 28-sand sinking; 29-green plants; 30-anti-evaporation layer; 31-soil layer; 32-water supply layer; 33-purification layer; 34-coarse sand layer.

detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 8, a kind of sponge city rainwater collection and purification utilization comprehensive system of the present invention, comprises roof rainwater collection area 2 on the top of building 1, road rainwater collection area 4, green land rainwater collection area 5, water collection and sedimentation tank 6. The purification device 7 and the reservoir 8, the roof rainwater collection area 2 are successively provided with an evaporation prevention layer 30, a soil layer 31, a water supply layer 32 and a purification layer 33, and green plants 29 are planted in the soil layer 31, and water supply Layer 32 is made of plastic or ceramic material, with several inverted cup-shaped protrusions 2.2 distributed on the surface, several small holes 2.1 distributed on the top of inverted cup-shaped protrusions 2.2, and the grooves between adjacent inverted cup-shaped protrusions 2.2 are filled with coarse Sand, soil layer 31 and water supply layer 32 are provided with permeable geotextile 22, and one side of purification layer 33 is provided with roof drain hole 2.3, and drain hole 3.2 is connected with roof drain pipe 10, and the bottom of roof drain pipe 10 is provided with purification ditch 3. The top of the purification ditch 3 is provided with a cover plate 3.1, and the bottom is provided with a water outlet 3.2. The purification ditch 3 is filled with a purification layer 33 of 2/3 of its height. The purification layer 33 is composed of pebbles or ceramsite mixed with activated carbon. The ratio is not less than 20%; the bottom gravel layer of the road rainwater collection area 4 is provided with a horizontal water collection pipe 12 and a vertical water collection pipe 13; one side of the green space rainwater collection area 5 is provided with a water inlet 5.2, and the other side A water outlet 5.3 is provided at the corresponding position, and an anti-evaporation layer 30, a soil layer 31, a coarse sand layer 34, and a purification layer 33 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The two sides extend to the anti-evaporation layer 30, and the cross-sectional structure is U-shaped. The contact part between the purification layer 33 and the soil layer 31 and the coarse sand layer 34 is provided with a permeable geotextile 22; The upper part is provided with an overflow hole 15, the side is provided with a water outlet 16, and the bottom is provided with a funnel-shaped sand discharge hole, and the sand discharge hole is connected with a sand discharge pump 18; the purification device 7 is composed of a number of purification units arranged together, adjacent to each other up and down Water-permeable geotextiles 22 are arranged between the arranged purification units, and gravel cushions 21 are arranged between the surroundings of the purification device 7 and the underground soil layer; filter grids 24 are arranged in the middle of the reservoir 8, and water inlet holes and The overflow hole is provided with a water pump 25 at the bottom; the overflow hole is connected with the municipal drainage pipe, the water pump 25 is connected with the municipal fire protection or the irrigation pipe network 26, and the water collection and sedimentation tank 6 and the reservoir 8 are plastered with cement mortar and made Anti-seepage treatment.

Referring to Fig. 5, the water-absorbing rod 5.1 is a hollow tube made of plastic or ceramic material. The surface of the hollow tube is distributed with water seepage holes, and the inside is filled with super-absorbent fiber, absorbent sponge or super-absorbent resin.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 8, the purification ditch 3, the road rainwater collection area 4, the green land rainwater collection area 5, the water collection and sedimentation tank 6, the purification device 7 and the reservoir 8 are connected to each other as a whole through the water pipe 11, The lower part of the water delivery pipe 11 is made of impermeable concrete 11.2, and the upper part is made of permeable concrete 11.1. The water inlet of the water delivery pipe 11 is provided with a trash rack 17, which is used to prevent sediment and sundries from entering the water delivery pipe. within 11.

Referring to Fig. 1, the water delivery pipe 11 between the water collection and sand settling tank 6 and the purification device 7 is provided with an electronic valve switch 20, the water collection and sand settling tank 6 is provided with a water level monitoring device 19, and the water storage tank 8 is provided with a water level monitor Device 19 and water quality monitoring device 23, sand discharge pump 18, water pump 25, electronic valve switch 20, water level monitoring device 19 and water quality monitoring device 23 are connected with automatic controller 9 respectively.

Referring to Fig. 6, the purification unit is made of a cuboid or cube with a cavity made of plastic or ceramic material, filled with quartz sand and active carbon module 7.3 in the cavity, and one side of the cuboid or cube is provided with a cylindrical concave hole 7.1, which is connected with the cylindrical concave hole. A cylindrical convex hole 7.2 is provided on the opposite side or side corresponding to the hole 7.1, and the shape and size of the concave hole and the convex hole match and can be linked with each other.

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the working process of the present invention is described as follows: in the rain season, the rainwater in the roof rainwater collection area 2 is initially purified after being infiltrated by the vegetation planting layer, and then flows into the roof drain pipe 2.3 and enters the purification ditch 3 after being purified again , enter the horizontal water collection pipe 12 in the gravel layer at the bottom of the road through the connected water pipe 11; after the rainwater in the road rainwater collection area 4 passes through the permeable road infiltration, it flows into the longitudinal water collection pipe 13 and the horizontal water collection pipe set in the gravel layer at the bottom of the road. In the water collecting pipe 12, it enters the green space rainwater collection area 5 through the water delivery pipe 11; in the green space rainwater collection area 5, the rainwater in other areas and the excess rainwater after infiltration are initially purified by the green space purification layer 33 at the bottom, and then passed through the water delivery pipe. 11 Collect the rainwater into the water collection and sand settling tank 6, divert the rainwater after preliminary purification, and deposit the debris or sediment in the rainwater; then enter the purification device 7 through the water delivery pipe 11 for secondary centralized purification, use The filter material adsorbs pollutants such as heavy metals in the water body, so as to realize the thorough purification of rainwater; finally, the purified rainwater is stored in the reservoir 8, and the purified rainwater is sent to different water sources by the water pump 25 when water is needed. Areas, such as being used for crops or green belt irrigation, landscape water, municipal water, etc., when encountering heavy rain, part of the rainwater will enter the municipal drainage pipe through the overflow hole in the water collection and sedimentation tank 6 or the reservoir 8, reaching Relieve the pressure of urban rain and flood and realize the purpose of rainwater collection and purification.

Referring to Fig. 7, the water purification process of the purification device of the present invention is described as follows: when the water flow starts to flow forward from the cylindrical concave hole 7.1 of the first row of purification units in the uppermost row, the last purification unit in the first row turns to enter the second row The purification unit flows in the reverse direction, and repeats until it passes through all the purification units in the upper row, and then enters the next row of purification units to realize the tortuousness of the water flow, extend the water purification path, increase the contact between rainwater and the purification device, and greatly improve the Purification efficiency of the purification device.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention without limitation. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention. All should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system, including roof rain water collecting area, road rainwater collecting area, Greenery patches rainwater-collecting area, catchment desilting tank, purifier and cistern, it is characterised in that：The roof rain water collecting area is by upper Down it is disposed with vaporization prevention layer, soil horizon, to water layer and purifying layer, the soil horizon and permeable to being provided between water layer Geotextiles, the side of the purifying layer is provided with osculum, and the osculum is connected with roof drainage pipe, the roof drainage pipe Bottom is provided with purification ditch；Horizontal and vertical collector pipe is provided with the bottom metalling in the road rainwater collecting area；It is described The side in greenery patches rainwater-collecting area is provided with water inlet, and opposite side opposite position is provided with delivery port, set successively from top to bottom Vaporization prevention layer, soil horizon, rough sand layer, purifying layer are put, the soil horizon in purifying layer with being provided with water suction rod, the purifying layer two Side extends to vaporization prevention layer, and cross-section structure is U-shaped, and the purifying layer is provided with permeable soil with soil horizon, rough sand layer contact site Work cloth；The desilting tank top of catchmenting is provided with access panel, and top is provided with spillway hole, and delivery port, bottom are provided with sideways Funnelform sand discharge hole is provided with, the sand discharge hole is connected to sand discharging pump；The purifier is by some clean units mutually group Close arrangement to form, permeable geotextiles, the purifier surrounding and underground are provided between the clean unit of neighbouring arrangement Blotter is provided between soil layer；Filtering grid is provided with the middle part of the cistern, top is provided with inlet opening and spillway hole, Bottom is provided with the water pump that draws water.

2. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described It is made up to water layer of plastics or ceramic material, some cup-shaped bumps of surface distributed, if the top distribution of the cup-shaped bumps Rough sand is filled with groove between dry aperture, adjacent cup-shaped bumps.

3. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Cover plate is provided with the top of purification ditch, bottom is provided with the purifying layer that its height 2/3 is filled in delivery port, purification ditch.

4. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that： The purifying layer is mixed with activated carbon by cobble or haydite and constituted, and the ratio shared by activated carbon is no less than 20%.

5. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described The hollow tube that water suction rod is made up of plastics or ceramic material, some water seepage holes of hollow tube surface distributed, inside is filled with height Water-absorption fiber, water-absorbing sponge or super absorbent resin.

6. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Purification ditch, road rainwater collecting area, greenery patches rainwater-collecting area, catchment desilting tank, purifier and cistern pass through water-supply-pipe phase Connect integral, the water-supply-pipe bottom is made up of water tight concrete, and top is made up of pervious concrete, the water-supply-pipe Water inlet is provided with trash rack.

7. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described The water-supply-pipe between desilting tank and purifier that catchments is provided with electric valve switch, the desilting tank that catchments and is provided with water level Level monitor and water monitoring device, the electric valve switch, water level prison are provided with monitoring device, the cistern Survey device and water monitoring device is connected with automatic controller respectively.

8. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Sand discharging pump, the water pump that draws water are connected with automatic controller respectively.

9. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Filling quartz sand and activity in cuboid or cube with cavity, the cavity is made by plastics or ceramic material in clean unit Charcoal module, the cuboid or a cubical face are provided with cylindrical shrinkage pool, the opposite corresponding with cylindrical shrinkage pool or Side is provided with cylindrical projecting apertures, and the shape size of the shrinkage pool and projecting apertures matches, and can interlink.

10. a kind of sponge urban rainwater collection purification utilization integrated system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute State spillway hole with municipal drain to be connected, the water pump that draws water is connected with municipal fire or irrigation pipe network.