CN106976132A - Building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a block-assembled numerical control turning and milling compound machine tool, which includes a bed frame and a numerical control module. At one end, the lathe tailstock is set on the other end of the bed frame and can be adjusted to slide toward the workpiece chuck. The two ends of the slide table are respectively straddled on both sides of the bed frame. Between the tailstock of the lathe, the two ends of the sliding table are respectively equipped with a turning tool module and a milling cutter module. The workpiece chuck is aligned with the middle of the sliding table. The middle part of the slide table then performs staggered feeding of the workpiece on the workpiece chuck. The invention realizes the turning-milling compound in the true sense, and satisfies the characteristics of compact layout, low price, rich functions, simple operation, etc., and is favored in the fields of woodworking processing and higher education, aiming at reducing equipment costs, improving processing efficiency, and improving numerical control teaching.

Description

Building block assembled CNC turning and milling compound machine tool

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and relates to a block-assembled numerical control turning-milling compound machine tool.

Background technique

Woodworking products have always been loved by people. Traditional woodworking mainly relies on manpower. Although it is beautifully made, it is less efficient and more costly. At the same time, with the expansion of market demand and the loss of manual skills, the woodworking market is in short supply.

With the development of the times, traditional manual processing is gradually replaced by new mechanical equipment and automation equipment. There are many woodworking processing equipment on the market, and it is not uncommon for netizens to DIY various small machine tools. However, the existing processing equipment generally has a single function, a rote structure, and most of them are manually controlled. It is difficult to complete a complete set of processes from blanks to finished products, as well as various modeling and engraving, and there is no true turning and milling machine. compound machine tool. Although there are full-featured CNC machine tools and machining centers, they are generally expensive, difficult to operate, and are oriented to metal processing and high-precision processing, so they are overkill for woodworking processing. Therefore, it cannot be popularized in small-cost woodworking workshops and woodworking enthusiasts.

At the same time, with the continuous development of CNC technology, as an important equipment of Industry 4.0, CNC machine tools are gradually being widely used in the manufacturing industry, so it is necessary for colleges and universities to strengthen teaching and practical training in this field. However, due to the high price of CNC machine tools, it is difficult to promote the use of CNC machining technology in colleges and universities. Most colleges and universities are only equipped with a small number of CNC machine tools for demonstration, which is far from meeting the needs of teaching and practical training of students. Moreover, due to the complex operation and high maintenance costs of CNC machine tools, the utilization rate of existing CNC machine tools in colleges and universities is very low, which seriously hinders the development of CNC teaching and training. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a CNC machine tool with low price, simple structure, rich functions, simple operation and open programming control in the field of woodworking and higher education.

As two important forming methods in mechanical processing, turning and milling are widely used in manufacturing processing. The turning-milling compound machine tool is a combination of two processing methods, which realizes the compound processing of the rotary body, reduces the number of clamping of the workpiece, improves the processing efficiency, and can realize the functions of some drilling machines and engraving machines at the same time. At present, there is a lack of small turn-milling compound machine tools on the market. Many so-called "turn-milling compound" only realize "turn-drilling compound" and do not realize "turn-milling compound" in a real sense. The reason is to realize the design of small turn-milling compound machine tools Faced with difficulties in cost, structural layout and control technology.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the defects existing in the existing technology, a block-assembled CNC turning-milling compound machine tool is now provided to realize the true turning-milling compound, further satisfying the characteristics of compact layout, low price, rich functions, and simple operation, which is more conducive to It is promoted to the fields of woodworking processing and higher education, aiming at reducing equipment costs, improving processing efficiency, and improving CNC teaching.

In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is to provide a block-assembled CNC turning-milling compound machine tool, including a bed frame and a numerical control module, and the bed frame is provided with a workpiece chuck, a slide table, and a lathe tailstock , the workpiece chuck is fixed on one end of the bed frame, the lathe tailstock is arranged on the other end of the bed frame and can slide toward the workpiece chuck, and the two ends of the slide table respectively straddling the two sides of the bed frame, the sliding table is controlled by the numerical control module to slide between the workpiece chuck and the lathe tailstock, and the two ends of the sliding table are respectively provided with lathes The cutter module and the milling cutter module, the workpiece chuck is aligned with the middle of the slide table, and the turning tool module and the milling cutter module are respectively controlled by the numerical control module to slide alternately and orderly to the slide table. The middle part further performs staggered feeding on the workpiece on the workpiece chuck.

Preferably, the bed frame is hollowed out as a whole and includes the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction perpendicular to each other in the three-dimensional space, and the two sides of the bed frame are respectively provided with The first slide rail module, the two ends of the slide table straddle the first slide rail module on both sides respectively, and then the slide table slides along the X-axis direction, and the interior of the bed frame is set There is a second slide rail module set along the X-axis direction, the second slide rail module is located directly below the workpiece chuck, and the lathe tailstock passes through the surface of the bed frame and slides The module set on the second slide rail slides toward the workpiece chuck along the X-axis direction, the slide table is provided with a slide plate arranged along the Y-axis direction, and the turning tool module slides on the One end of the slide plate slides toward the workpiece chuck along the Y-axis direction, and the other end of the slide plate is provided with a slideway module sliding along the Y-axis direction, and the slideway module slides along the Y-axis direction. The Z-axis direction is set up, and the milling cutter module is slid on the slide module and then reciprocally slides along the Z-axis direction.

Preferably, the upper surface of the bed frame is fixed with an installation bottom frame, the two side surfaces of the installation bottom frame are provided with bed surface guide rails extending along the X-axis direction, the slide table and the lathe The tailstock is respectively slidably arranged on the bed surface guide rails.

Preferably, spacers are respectively fixed at both ends of the bottom of the slide plate, and the slide plate is slid on the slide table through the spacers.

Preferably, the workpiece chuck is driven by a servo motor in conjunction with a synchronous pulley, and the rotation speed of the servo motor is controlled by the numerical control module to form a high-speed rotation mode and an indexing rotation mode respectively. The high-speed rotation mode is used for turning tools The workpiece chuck is caused to rotate at a high speed, and the index rotation mode is used for milling cutter to cause the workpiece chuck to rotate at a specified angle.

Preferably, the numerical control module includes a PC module and an electric control part, the electric control part includes a motion control card, and the PC module is converted into a signal recognizable by the motion control card through an open numerical control software, and is passed through the The motion control card sends a pulse signal to control the electronic control part to control the degree of rotation and the rotation speed of the indexing rotation mode.

Preferably, the electronic control part includes a single-axis control card and a stepper motor, and the stepper motor is used to control the movement of each component in the direction of the X-axis, the direction of the Y-axis and the direction of the Z-axis , the single-axis control card is used to control the operation of the stepping motor by converting the switch value into a pulse signal.

Preferably, the bed frame is assembled by aluminum plates and corner fittings and bolts.

Preferably, a protective cover is installed on the outer side of the workpiece chuck.

Preferably, the protective cover is assembled from transparent acrylic plates and corner pieces, and the workpiece chuck has positive claws and negative claws for firmly clamping the elongated workpiece.

The beneficial effects of the block-assembled CNC turning and milling compound machine tool of the present invention include:

1) Turning and milling compound: Different from the traditional turning and drilling compound machine tools on the market, it realizes the true turning and milling compound in terms of structure and function. Turning, milling, drilling and engraving can be completed in one clamping, reducing the process of changing machine tools. At the same time, it has a high processing speed that traditional multi-axis engraving machines cannot match in the processing of rotary bodies;

2) Structural layout: the turning tool module and the milling cutter module are placed on both sides of the slide plane of the same slide table, sharing a linear axis, so that the two processing methods of turning and milling are interleaved to avoid mutual interference;

3) Servo motor drives the main shaft: The servo motor drives the chuck main shaft through the synchronous pulley, so that the chuck can rotate at high speed as the turning main shaft during turning, and the chuck can be rotated as the A axis during milling (that is, the direction of the chuck axis center ) axis of rotation;

4) Building block bed: The overall bed structure is made of industrial aluminum profiles supplemented by corner fittings and aluminum plates, and is completely assembled with bolts, which reduces the overall weight while ensuring sufficient strength and rigidity. At the same time, due to the convenient disassembly and assembly of the aluminum profile itself, the machine tool is easy to transport and can carry out in-depth DIY, and the structure, combination and rich functions can be changed according to different needs;

5) Open CNC system: PC and motion control card form the center of the entire CNC system, and its open features can realize different needs and functions according to human-computer interaction;

6) Low price, rich functions, and simple operation: Compared with other engraving machines and large-scale CNC equipment on the market, this machine tool is low in price, rich in functions, and easy to operate. It is suitable for popularization in ordinary colleges and universities, small woodwork processing workshops and individuals For enthusiasts, it is used for CNC training and teaching, small woodworking processing and home woodworking DIY production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the working principle of the block-assembled CNC turning and milling compound machine tool of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the first three-dimensional view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the block-assembled CNC turning-milling compound machine tool of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic second perspective view of the overall structure of the block-assembled CNC turning-milling compound machine tool of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention firstly provides a block-assembled CNC turning-milling machine tool, which includes an input and output device 99 , a numerical control system 98 , a drive system 97 and a machine tool body 96 .

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the bed structure 2 is assembled by using industrial aluminum profiles supplemented by corner fittings 20 and aluminum plates 22. transportation. Bed 2 has a length of 900mm, a width of 410mm, and a height of 525±20mm. The bed 2 has a wide width and is closed as a whole. It has six main supporting profiles and feet. The nylon feet are adjustable and have better stability. One side of the profile is padded, and the turning spindle module is placed, and the middle is hollowed out to facilitate chip removal. Profiles are highly expandable, and structures and functions can be added as needed.

Specifically, in order to facilitate understanding, auxiliary coordinate axes are added to the upper left corners in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 respectively. The X-axis is the length direction of the rectangular machine tool in the figure, the Y-axis is the width direction of the machine tool in the figure, and the Z-axis is The height direction of the machine tool in the figure. The main body of the machine tool includes: protective cover 1, bed 2, synchronous pulley module 3, servo motor module 4, X-axis first slide rail module 5, X-axis second slide rail module 6, Y-axis slide table module 7. Turning tool module 8, tailstock part 9, milling cutter module 10, Z-axis slideway module 11, workpiece chuck spindle 12 and other parts. in:

The protective cover 1 is used to ensure the safety of personnel when the synchronous belt and the main shaft rotate at high speed. The protective cover is made of acrylic panels spliced through corner pieces and fixed on the profile. The acrylic plate has a certain strength, and due to its transparent effect, the operation of the main shaft part can be observed.

The bed 2 is as mentioned above, its function is to connect and support various parts, as the main body of the whole machine tool.

The synchronous pulley module 3, the servo motor module 4 and the chuck main shaft 12 form the turning main shaft part, the servo motor and the chuck main shaft are placed on the upper and lower sides of the bed 2, and the middle is connected by a synchronous pulley, so that the main shaft and the The arrangement of motors up and down is a relatively traditional arrangement, which can make full use of the space and make the structure more compact. A 750W servo motor is selected, and the servo motor drives the chuck spindle 12 through a synchronous pulley, which can provide high-speed rotation during cutting, and can be used as an indexing axis for indexing rotation during milling, providing better stability and precision. 160 chuck is selected, the clamping range is positive jaw: 3mm-55mm, from the inside to the outside: 50mm-160mm, reverse jaw: 55m-145mm, and the through hole is 39mm, which is convenient for clamping slender parts. L-shaped belt width 20mm synchronous pulley is selected for transmission. Unlike ordinary V-belt pulleys that will slip, the synchronous pulley can provide higher transmission accuracy and prevent overload. The transmission ratio is 1.5.

The X-axis first slide rail module 5, as one of the main linear transmission components, is installed on both sides of the bed 2. Its effective lead is 300mm, and the transmission accuracy requirement of the screw rod is 0.02mm. Due to the large width of the bed 2, in order to ensure its transmission balance, two sets of sliding tables are set up, and two high-torque 57 stepping motors are used at the same time, and its static moment is 25kg.cm to ensure the transmission torque. The main load is concentrated on the two sets of additional guide rail sliders above, with a maximum load of 96kg.

The X-axis second slide rail module 6 is used as an additional linear transmission part, installed inside the bed 2, directly below the workpiece chuck 12, and used for the linear transmission of the tailstock part 9, so that the tailstock can be controlled. Slider parameters are the same as the X axis.

The Y-axis sliding table module 7, as one of the main linear transmission components, is installed above the sliding table X to drive the feeding and retracting of turning tools and milling cutters. Its effective lead is 220mm, and the transmission accuracy of the screw rod is required to be 0.02mm. The profile of the slide table is aluminum alloy, and the load is 50kg when placed horizontally, with an anti-chip board. Two slider boards are installed in the slide table, and a 640mm long slider 15 is installed in the middle. The position of the slider supports the turning tool and the bottom of the milling cutter under greater force. The part of the slider 15 is constructed of profiles. and the height profile of the milling cutter seat, the horizontal distance between the tools on both sides is more than 100 mm, so that when one tool feeds, the other tool retracts, so that the two processing methods of turning and milling can be interleaved to avoid mutual interference and reserve a certain amount of time. The safety distance ensures that the processing length will not be affected.

Described turning tool module 8 is as turning main work part, and is installed on the padded profile of slide table Y slide plate 15 sides, middle M12 bolt is fixed, can both sides adorn tool, and three M8 bolts fix turning tool. Among them, the turning tool can be replaced with various processing tools according to different processing shapes and sizes.

The tailstock part 9 can replace the drill chuck and the top. The drill chuck is used for axial drilling during turning. The role of small bends.

The milling cutter module 10, as the main working part of milling, is responsible for the functions of milling, drilling and engraving. The main body is a DC motor, frequency conversion speed regulation, air cooling, the maximum speed is 24000rpm. The milling head can be equipped with engraving sharp knife, milling cutter and drill bit, which can be used for milling, engraving and radial drilling.

The Z-axis slideway module 11 is used as one of the main linear transmission components for driving the feeding and retracting of the milling cutter spindle. It is installed on the height profile on one side of the Y slide plate of the slide table. It is similar to the Y parameters of the slide table. It is a round rail with an effective lead of 200mm and a vertical load of 25kg.

As shown in Figure 3, further, the upper surface of the bed 2 is fixed with an installation bottom frame 13, and the two side surfaces of the installation bottom frame 13 are provided with bed surface guide rails 14 extending along the X-axis direction. , the slide table 7 and the lathe tailstock 9 are respectively slid on the bed surface guide rails 14 . Both ends of the bottom of the sliding plate 15 are respectively fixed with pads 16 , and the sliding plate 15 is slid on the sliding table 7 through the pads 16 .

More preferably, the whole machine tool can actually determine different sizes according to needs. This machine tool can realize outer and inner turning of most wood materials, surface milling and modeling engraving, axial and radial drilling.

As shown in Fig. 1, the numerical control system 98 has an open feature, and is composed of a general-purpose PC module and a high-speed motion control card 90 module, wherein the PC module is used as the upper computer, and the high-speed control card module is used as the lower computer, both of which use USB Technical connections form a master-slave CNC system. The PC module is composed of PC and open numerical control software. The specific method of use is to import the designed processed G code into the numerical control software, convert it into a signal that can be recognized by the motion control card 90 through the software, and then control it through the motion control card 90. The entire electric control system controls the machine tool for processing, which is easy to operate and maintain.

Specifically, the electronic control part of the above-mentioned machine tool is composed of electronic components such as a power supply part, a motion control card 90, a single-axis control card, a stepper motor and its driver, a servo motor and its driver, a spindle motor and its frequency converter. in:

The power supply part includes electronic components such as a power socket, an indicator light, a leakage protector, a filter, a contactor, a 24V power supply, a key switch, a contact switch, and an electric wire. Its role is to ensure the basic control, power supply and safety of each electronic component.

The motion control card 90, as the center of the entire electronic control part, receives signals from the PC and converts them into electrical signals such as analog and pulse quantities, thereby controlling the motor drivers and frequency converters of the entire electronic control part.

As an additional control center, the single-axis control card can convert the switching value into a pulse signal, which is used to individually control the movement of each stepping motor, thereby realizing manual control and motor debugging.

The stepper motor and its driver are used to control the movement of the X, Y, Z, and W axes, and a total of 5 groups of motors are used. Among them, there are two groups of motors in the X-axis direction, which need to realize synchronous control. The specific implementation technology is: the same pulse signal output by the control card is connected to the drivers of two stepping motors at the same time, so as to realize the synchronous drive of the X-axis.

The servo motor and its driver are important driving components of the turning-milling compound, which require high-speed rotation during turning and indexing rotation during milling. The specific implementation technology is: the servo motor has two operation modes, speed mode and displacement mode. Among them, the speed mode uses analog quantity control, and the speed is controlled linearly through the input level, so it is used for high-speed rotation; the position mode uses pulse quantity control, and the rotation angle is controlled by the number of pulses, so it is used for indexing rotation.

The spindle motor and its frequency converter are the main moving parts of the milling spindle, and the signal source of the frequency converter is an analog quantity, which linearly corresponds to its rotational speed.

After completing the above-mentioned implementation process, the following characteristics of the present invention should be reflected:

1) The turning tool and the milling spindle are installed at both ends of the slide table on the Y linear axis at the same time, so that when the turning tool feeds, the milling tool holder retracts, and vice versa, so that the two processing methods of turning and milling are interleaved to avoid mutual interference , and reserve a certain safety distance to ensure that the processing length is not affected;

2) The chuck spindle is endowed with the function of indexing rotation. The spindle is driven by a servo motor through a synchronous pulley. The spindle can rotate at a high speed during turning, and the spindle can be indexed and rotated as the A axis during milling;

3) The servo motor has two modes of operation, speed mode and displacement mode. Among them, the speed mode uses analog quantity control, and its speed is controlled linearly through the input level, so it is used for high-speed rotation; the position mode uses pulse quantity control, and its rotation angle is controlled by the number of pulses, so it is used for indexing rotation, so as to realize multi-axis Linkage processing and turn-milling compound processing;

4) The bed structure is made of industrial aluminum profiles supplemented by corner fittings and aluminum plates, which is easy to disassemble and assemble, has strong expandability, and is easy to modify. The width of the bed is large, the stability of the processing platform is good, and the middle is hollowed out to facilitate the removal of waste.

The above description of the embodiments is for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool, it is characterised in that：It is described including lathe bed framework and numerical control module Lathe bed framework is provided with workpiece chuck, slide unit and tail stock, and the workpiece chuck is fixedly arranged on one end of the lathe bed framework, The tail stock is located at the other end of the lathe bed framework and can adjusted to the workpiece chuck and slided, the two ends of the slide unit Be located at the both sides of the lathe bed framework respectively, by the numerical control module control the slide unit slide on the workpiece chuck with Between the tail stock, the two ends of the slide unit are respectively equipped with lathe tool module and milling cutter module, the workpiece chuck alignment The middle part of the slide unit, the lathe tool module and milling cutter module alternating are controlled in an orderly manner by the numerical control module respectively Slide to the middle part of the slide unit and then the feed that interlocks is carried out to the workpiece in the workpiece chuck.

2. building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The lathe bed framework is whole Body hollow out and including in solid space, orthogonal X-direction, Y direction and Z-direction, the two of the lathe bed framework Side is respectively equipped with the first slide rail module set along the X-direction, and the two ends of the slide unit are located at the described of both sides respectively The first slide rail module and then slide unit is slided along the X-direction, the inside of the lathe bed framework is provided with along the X-direction The the second slide rail module set, the second slide rail module is located at the underface of the workpiece chuck, and the tail stock is passed through The surface of the lathe bed framework is simultaneously slidedly arranged on the second slide rail module and then slides to the workpiece chuck along the X-direction, The slide unit is provided with the slide plate set along the Y direction, and the lathe tool module is slidedly arranged on one end of the slide plate and along institute State Y direction and slide to the workpiece chuck, the other end of the slide plate is provided with the slideway module slided along the Y direction, institute State slideway module to set up along the Z-direction, the milling cutter module is slidedly arranged on the slideway module and then past along the Z-direction It is multiple to slide.

3. building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The lathe bed framework Upper surface is installed with installation underframe, and the both side surface of the installation underframe is provided with the bed surface guide rail extended along the X-direction, The slide unit and the tail stock are slidedly arranged on the bed surface guide rail respectively.

4. building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The bottom of the slide plate Two ends are installed with cushion block respectively, and the slide plate is slidedly arranged on the slide unit by the cushion block.

5. building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The workpiece chuck is led to Cross servomotor and coordinate synchronous pulley driving, the rotating speed of the servomotor is controlled by the numerical control module and then formed respectively High-speed rotation pattern and indexing rotation mode, the high-speed rotation pattern are used to cause the workpiece chuck to be transported at a high speed during lathe tool Turn, the indexing rotation mode is used to cause the workpiece chuck to rotate the angle specified during milling cutter.

6. building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The numerical control module bag PC modules and electric control part are included, the electric control part includes motion control card, and the PC modules pass through Open NC system The recognizable signal of the motion control card is converted into, and it is described automatically controlled by motion control card transmission pulse signal control Part and then the degree of rotation and velocity of rotation for controlling the indexing rotation mode.

7. building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The electric control part subpackage Single shaft control card and stepper motor are included, the stepper motor is used to control to be located at the X-direction, the Y direction respectively And in the Z-direction each component motion, the single shaft control card by by switching value be changed into pulse signal for Control the operation of the stepper motor.

8. according to any described building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool of claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that：The bed Body framework is by aluminium sheet and corner fittings and fitted bolt is assembled.

9. according to any described building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool of claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that：The work Protective cover is installed on the outside of part chuck.

10. building-block-splicing formula numerically-controlled milking composite machine tool according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The protective cover by Transparent acrylic board cooperation corner fittings is assembled, and the workpiece chuck has positive pawl and anti-pawl firmly to clamp elongated work Part.