CN106959211B - Fatigue testing device and testing method for gear meshing - Google Patents

Fatigue testing device and testing method for gear meshing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106959211B
CN106959211B CN201710153447.6A CN201710153447A CN106959211B CN 106959211 B CN106959211 B CN 106959211B CN 201710153447 A CN201710153447 A CN 201710153447A CN 106959211 B CN106959211 B CN 106959211B
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gear
reset
test
tooth
load
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CN106959211A (en
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王辉
张政
向东
刘天野
田门吉雅
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/021—Gearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/027—Test-benches with force-applying means, e.g. loading of drive shafts along several directions

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of fatigue test device of gear engagement, including the driving device being fixed on basic table top, analogue loading device and test geared system, driving device, analogue loading device cooperates with test geared system respectively, driving device, analogue loading device is connected with central controller respectively, central controller controls driving device by output displacement time graph signal, analogue loading device is controlled by output loads time graph signal, using completely new loading procedure, engagement during being meshed in gear pair turning course is converted into reciprocally swinging, simulate gear-driven real process, the test of high frequency large period can be carried out for monodentate；Movement by a small margin improves the real-time and accuracy of the relevant data acquisitions such as gear failure process stress strain convenient for carrying test device；The present invention has the characteristics that automatization level is high, test is high-quality, test loading method is novel, the measurement suitable for related data during gear drive.

Description

A kind of fatigue test device and its test method of gear engagement
Technical field
The invention belongs to gear fatigue life detection technique field, in particular to a kind of fatigue test device of gear engagement And its test method.
Background technique
Gear-box is the critical component in Wind turbines, is needed in the research process of wind power gear transmission system reliability The stress state of the flank of tooth of the gear under specific operation, tooth root is detected to the failure for predicting to be likely to occur and the tired longevity of gear Life.The currently tooth bending Stromeyer test that test method relevant to the strength of gear teeth has national standard (GB/T14230-93) to recommend Method is divided into " bed run test " and " gear tooth pulsation load test ".The former is to carry out load operation examination to gear pair It tests, the latter is to carry out pulsation load with the gear teeth of the special fixture to test gear on pulse fatigue testing machine.The former The disadvantage is that, gear is in revolution at a high speed state in operation, it is difficult in the flank of tooth or root portion placement sensor to these keys Position stress state carries out real-time monitoring；Actual proof stress value is conversed by stress state come real-time and essence True property is limited.The shortcomings that the latter is, due to pulsation loading procedure middle gear be it is fixed, special fixture is to the specified gear teeth Loading procedure and practical gear teeth meshing transmission working order have differences, the reality under the data and real working condition that detect is answered There is also differences for power variation.Since the gear in Wind turbines needs to bear long-term alternating load and working environment is severe, if Meter develops a kind of gear engagement fatigue test device and method to simulate the loaded-up condition under real working condition, for carrying out wind in a deep going way The reliability consideration of motor group gear train assembly has important support meaning.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of testing fatigues of gear engagement Device and its test method test the actual working state of process simulation gear, can need to detect location arrangements strain in gear Piece real-time monitoring stress value is gear to explore being associated with to provide and analyze data precisely in real time between stress state and failure Fatigue life test research service.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of fatigue test device of gear engagement, including be fixed on basic table top 1 driving device 2, fictitious load Device 3 and test geared system 4, driving device 2, analogue loading device 3 cooperate with test geared system 4 respectively, driving device 2, analogue loading device 3 is connected with central controller 5 respectively, and central controller 5 is controlled by output displacement time graph signal Driving device 2 controls analogue loading device 3 by output loads time graph signal.
The test geared system 4 is made of 4 monodentate test gears, respectively driving gear 7, driven gear 9, reset Gear 6 and the gear 8 that is reset, driving gear 7 is meshed with 9 gear teeth of driven gear forms load test gear pair；Reseting gear 6 Gear 8 forms homing action gear pair with being reset；Driving gear 7 and reseting gear 6 are co-axially mounted synchronous rotation, install hour wheel Space width be greater than full-height tooth away from；Driven gear 9 and the gear 8 that is reset are co-axially mounted synchronous rotation, two gear tooth weights when installation It closes.
The driving device 2 is made of support member and slider-crank mechanism, and support member includes the first support 10, first Pedestal 11；Slider-crank mechanism includes crank axle 12, connecting rod 13, linkage connector 14, sliding block oil cylinder 15；First pedestal 11 and basis Table top 1 passes through dovetail guide connection and latched position；Crank axle 12 is crank in slider-crank mechanism, can be in the first pedestal 11 Upper reciprocating rotating is connected firmly for installing driving gear 7 and reseting gear 6, and with driving gear 7 and reseting gear 6 by key；The One support 10 is mounted on the first pedestal 11 and is supported to 12 one end of crank axle；Sliding block oil cylinder 15 rises in slider-crank mechanism Sliding block effect, for loading linear reciprocating motion；Connecting rod 13 plays the connecting rod in slider-crank mechanism, one end and crank axle 12 It is connected by a hinge, the other end is connected by a hinge by linkage connector 14；The piston of linkage connector 14 and sliding block oil cylinder 15 is solid Connection.
The analogue loading device 3 includes the second support 16, support shaft 17, reset baffle block 18, the second pedestal 19, load hair Raw device 20, the second pedestal 19 is connect with basic table top 1 by dovetail guide and latched position；Support shaft 17 can be in the second pedestal Reciprocating rotating on 19 connects firmly synchronous rotation by key with driven gear 9, the gear 8 that is reset, and design has restriction multiple in support shaft 17 The flange of position position；Second support 16 is mounted on the second pedestal 19 and is supported to 17 one end of support shaft；Load generator 20 are mounted on the second pedestal 19 and connect offer load torque with 17 one end of support shaft；Reset baffle block 18 is mounted on the second pedestal On 19, position when support shaft 17 resets is constrained by the flange on barrier support axis 17.
The central controller 5 includes the control card being mounted in computer and hydraulic control valve, current controller, is calculated Control software generates the piston that phase shift of time signal drives hydraulic control valve to operate sliding block oil cylinder 15 by control card and does in machine Linear reciprocating motion；It generates load-time signal driving load generator 20 and generates different size of load torque.
Based on the test method of the fatigue test device, include the following steps:
Step 1: the corresponding geometric parameter of input test gear tests the load numerical value of setting, corresponding examination is calculated Test simulation control parameter；
Step 2: corresponding crank axle 12, connecting rod 13, linkage connector 14 are selected according to the corresponding geometric parameter of test gear, And position of first pedestal 11 on basic 1 sliding rail of table top is combined to adjust, driving mechanism is assembled, while adjusting the second pedestal 19 Position on basic 1 sliding rail of table top, the installation center square of guarantee test gear pair；
Step 3: driving gear 7 and monodentate reseting gear 6 to be mounted on crank axle 12 monodentate customized according to test parameters On, monodentate driven gear 9 and the monodentate gear 8 that is reset are mounted in support shaft 17, and driving 7 gear teeth of gear and reseting gear 6 are taken turns The installation tooth pitch of tooth be greater than full-height tooth away from, it is ensured that driving and resetting movement switch Shi Youyi sections of idle strokes, and gear engagement states exist It is determined when gear customization processing；
Step 4: testing machine carries out high-frequency reciprocating load test, the loading procedure in single test period are as follows: from driving gear 7 Gear teeth tooth root and 9 tooth top of driven gear come into contact with driving 7 gear teeth tooth top of gear and 9 root contact of driven gear, and control is slided The piston of block oil cylinder 15 does downward translational motion, by connecting rod 13 pull crank axle 12 with connect firmly driving gear 7 on axis and Reseting gear 6 is rotated counterclockwise around axle center low-angle；Driving 7 gear teeth of gear by tooth contact engaged transmission roll from The gear teeth of moving gear 9 are allowed to servo-actuated low-angle and rotate clockwise；The load generator 20 while servo-actuated of driven gear 9 is opened Beginning work generates anticlockwise drag torque, is loaded on driven gear 9 by the transmitting of support shaft 17, it is ensured that loading In the process, the gear teeth of driven gear 9 and drive gear 7 the gear teeth be kept in contact, simulate the practical engagement process of gear in movement, Power transmitting；
It is as follows that the urgency of signal period returns process:
The piston of control sliding block oil cylinder 15 does acceleration and moves upwards, and by 13 throw crank axis 12 of connecting rod and connects firmly on axis Driving gear 7 and reseting gear 6 around axle center, low-angle is rotated clockwise rapidly；Drive gear 7 the gear teeth immediately with from The gear teeth of moving gear 9 disengage；After of short duration idle stroke, the tooth top of the root contact of reseting gear 6 to the gear 8 that is reset, Start to reset engaged transmission process；Load generator 20 reduces load simultaneously, only provides and movement is kept to transmit stable damping；When Flange stops after encountering the flexible reset baffle block 18 with damping action when support shaft 17 revert to zero-bit；In the convex of support shaft 17 Sensor is set between edge and reset baffle block contact surface, and after the two contact, activation signal is transmitted back to Testing Software, as next One of the necessary condition that period starts；
Step 5: the position that driving gear 7 and driven gear 9 need to monitor being provided with the sensor including foil gauge, monitors Real-time change signal.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Present invention employs completely new loading procedures, and being meshed in gear pair turning course is converted into reciprocally swinging mistake Engagement in journey simulates gear-driven real process, reduces motion amplitude, and the examination of high frequency large period can be carried out for monodentate It tests；Movement by a small margin improves the reality of the relevant data acquisitions such as gear failure process stress strain convenient for carrying test device When property and accuracy；The present invention has the characteristics that automatization level is high, test is high-quality, test loading method is novel, is suitable for The measurement of related data during gear drive can manufacture for Gear Transmission Design and provide key technology basis.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of experimental rig of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that geared system 4 is tested in experimental rig of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of driving device 2 in experimental rig of the present invention, wherein (a) is constitutional diagram, it is (b) decomposition Figure.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of analogue loading device 3 in experimental rig of the present invention, wherein (a) is the group of an angle Figure is closed, (b) is the constitutional diagram of another angle, (c) is exploded view.
Fig. 5 is motion process schematic diagram of mechanism of the invention, wherein (a) is schematic diagram of mechanism, (b) and (c) indicates driving process, (d) and (e) indicates reseting procedure, and in figure, hachure arrow indicates that motion profile, short arrow indicate oil circuit direction, heavy line arrow Head indicates active force.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of fatigue test device of gear engagement, including the driving device being fixed on basic table top 1 2, analogue loading device 3 and test geared system 4, driving device 2, analogue loading device 3 are matched with test geared system 4 respectively It closes, driving device 2, analogue loading device 3 are connected with central controller 5 respectively, and central controller 5 is bent by the output displacement time Line signal controls driving device 2, controls analogue loading device 3 by output loads time graph signal.
As shown in Fig. 2, the test geared system 4 is made of 4 monodentates test gears, respectively driving gear 7, driven Gear 9, reseting gear 6 and the gear 8 that is reset, driving gear 7 is meshed with 9 gear teeth of driven gear forms load test gear It is secondary；Reseting gear 6 and the gear 8 that is reset form homing action gear pair；Driving gear 7 is co-axially mounted synchronous with reseting gear 6 Rotation, installation hour wheel space width be greater than full-height tooth away from；Driven gear 9 and the gear 8 that is reset are co-axially mounted synchronous rotation, when installation Two gear tooths are overlapped.
As shown in Fig. 3 (constitutional diagram of Fig. 3 (a) and the exploded view of Fig. 3 (b)), the driving device 2 by support member and Slider-crank mechanism composition, support member include the first support 10, the first pedestal 11；Slider-crank mechanism include crank axle 12, Connecting rod 13, linkage connector 14, sliding block oil cylinder 15；First pedestal 11 is connect with basic table top 1 by dovetail guide and latched position； Crank axle 12 is crank in slider-crank mechanism, can on the first pedestal 11 reciprocating rotating, for installing driving gear 7 and multiple Position gear 6, and connected firmly with driving gear 7 and reseting gear 6 by key；First support 10 is mounted on the first pedestal 11 and to song 12 one end of arbor is supported；Sliding block oil cylinder 15 plays sliding block in slider-crank mechanism, for loading linear reciprocating motion；Institute It states connecting rod 13 and plays connecting rod in slider-crank mechanism, one end is connected by a hinge with crank axle 12, and the other end passes through connecting rod Connector 14 is connected by a hinge；Linkage connector 14 and the piston of sliding block oil cylinder 15 connect firmly.
As shown in Fig. 4 (exploded view of Fig. 4 (a), the constitutional diagram of Fig. 4 (b) and Fig. 4 (c)), the analogue loading device 3 is wrapped Include the second support 16, support shaft 17, reset baffle block 18, the second pedestal 19, load generator 20, the second pedestal 19 and basic table top 1 passes through dovetail guide connection and latched position；Support shaft 17 can on pedestal 19 reciprocating rotating, with driven gear 9, be reset Gear 8 connects firmly synchronous rotation by key, and design has the flange for limiting reset position in support shaft 17；Second support 16 is mounted on It is supported on two pedestals 17 and to 17 one end of support shaft；Load generator 20 be mounted on pedestal 18 and with 17 one end of support shaft Connection provides load torque；Reset baffle block 18 is mounted on the second pedestal 19, by the flange on barrier support axis 17 to constrain Position when support shaft 17 resets.
The central controller 5 includes the control card being mounted in computer and hydraulic control valve, current controller, is calculated Control software generates the piston that phase shift of time signal drives hydraulic control valve to operate sliding block oil cylinder 15 by control card and does in machine Linear reciprocating motion；It generates load-time signal driving load generator 20 and generates different size of load torque.
As shown in figure 5, the test method based on the fatigue test device, includes the following steps:
Step 1: the corresponding geometric parameter of input test gear tests the load numerical value of setting, including the practical engagement of gear Driving torque, revolving speed, load torque etc., corresponding test simulation control parameter is calculated；
Step 2: corresponding crank axle 12, connecting rod 13, linkage connector 14 are selected according to the corresponding geometric parameter of test gear, And position of first pedestal 11 on basic 1 sliding rail of table top is combined to adjust, driving mechanism is assembled, while adjusting the second pedestal 19 Position on basic 1 sliding rail of table top, the installation center square of guarantee test gear pair, schematic diagram of mechanism of the present invention such as Fig. 5 (a) institute Show；
Step 3: driving gear 7 and monodentate reseting gear 6 to be mounted on crank axle 12 monodentate customized according to test parameters On, monodentate driven gear 9 and the monodentate gear 8 that is reset are mounted in support shaft 17, and driving 7 gear teeth of gear and reseting gear 6 are taken turns The installation tooth pitch of tooth be greater than full-height tooth away from, it is ensured that driving and resetting movement switch Shi Youyi sections of idle strokes, and gear engagement states exist It is determined when gear customization processing；
Step 4: testing machine carries out high-frequency reciprocating load test, as shown in Fig. 5 (b) and Fig. 5 (c), the single test period Loading procedure are as follows: from driving 7 gear teeth tooth root of gear and 9 tooth top of driven gear come into contact with driving 7 gear teeth tooth top of gear with from The piston of 9 root contact of moving gear, control sliding block oil cylinder 15 does downward translational motion, by the pulling crank axle 12 of connecting rod 13 and admittedly The driving gear 7 and reseting gear 6 being associated on axis are rotated counterclockwise around axle center low-angle；Driving 7 gear teeth of gear pass through wheel The gear teeth that the engaged transmission of tooth contact rolls driven gear 9 are allowed to servo-actuated low-angle and rotate clockwise；Driven gear 9 with Load generator 20 is started to work while dynamic, generates anticlockwise drag torque, is loaded by the transmitting of support shaft 17 On driven gear 9, it is ensured that during loading, the gear teeth of the gear teeth and driving gear 7 of driven gear 9 are kept in contact, and simulate tooth Take turns movement, the power transmitting in practical engagement process；
As shown in Fig. 5 (d) and Fig. 5 (e), it is as follows that the urgency of signal period returns process:
The piston of control sliding block oil cylinder 15 does acceleration and moves upwards, and by 13 throw crank axis 12 of connecting rod and connects firmly on axis Driving gear 7 and reseting gear 6 around axle center, low-angle is rotated clockwise rapidly；Drive gear 7 the gear teeth immediately with from The gear teeth of moving gear 9 disengage；After of short duration idle stroke, the tooth top of the root contact of reseting gear 6 to the gear 8 that is reset, Start to reset engaged transmission process；Load generator 20 reduces load simultaneously, only provides and movement is kept to transmit stable damping；When Flange stops after encountering the flexible reset baffle block 18 with damping action when support shaft 17 revert to zero-bit；In the convex of support shaft 17 Sensor is set between edge and reset baffle block contact surface, and after the two contact, activation signal is transmitted back to Testing Software, as next One of the necessary condition that period starts；
Step 5: the position that driving gear 7 and driven gear 9 need to monitor being provided with the sensor including foil gauge, monitors Real-time change signal.

Claims (5)

1.一种齿轮啮合的疲劳测试装置，包括固定在基础台面(1)上的驱动装置(2)、模拟负载装置(3)和试验齿轮装置(4)，驱动装置(2)、模拟负载装置(3)分别和试验齿轮装置(4)配合，驱动装置(2)、模拟负载装置(3)分别和中央控制器(5)连接，中央控制器(5)通过输出位移时间曲线信号控制驱动装置(2)，通过输出载荷时间曲线信号控制模拟负载装置(3)，其特征在于：所述试验齿轮装置(4)由4个单齿试验齿轮组成，分别为驱动齿轮(7)、从动齿轮(9)、复位齿轮(6)和被复位齿轮(8)，驱动齿轮(7)与从动齿轮(9)轮齿相啮合组成加载试验齿轮副；复位齿轮(6)与被复位齿轮(8)组成复位动作齿轮副；驱动齿轮(7)与复位齿轮(6)同轴安装同步转动，安装时轮齿间距大于标准齿距；从动齿轮(9)与被复位齿轮(8)同轴安装同步转动，安装时两齿轮轮齿重合。1. A gear meshing fatigue test device, comprising a drive device (2) fixed on a base table (1), a simulated load device (3) and a test gear device (4), a drive device (2), a simulated load device (3) Cooperate with the test gear device (4) respectively, the driving device (2) and the simulated load device (3) are respectively connected with the central controller (5), and the central controller (5) controls the driving device by outputting the displacement time curve signal (2), the simulated load device (3) is controlled by outputting the load time curve signal, and it is characterized in that: the test gear device (4) is composed of four single-tooth test gears, which are a driving gear (7) and a driven gear respectively. (9), the reset gear (6) and the reset gear (8), the driving gear (7) meshes with the driven gear (9) gear teeth to form a loading test gear pair; the reset gear (6) and the reset gear (8) ) to form a reset action gear pair; the drive gear (7) and the reset gear (6) are installed coaxially to rotate synchronously, and the tooth spacing is greater than the standard tooth spacing during installation; the driven gear (9) is installed coaxially with the reset gear (8) Synchronous rotation, the teeth of the two gears coincide during installation. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种齿轮啮合的疲劳测试装置，其特征在于：所述驱动装置(2)由支撑部件和曲柄滑块机构组成，支撑部件包括第一支座(10)、第一基座(11)；曲柄滑块机构包括曲柄轴(12)、连杆(13)、连杆接头(14)、滑块油缸(15)；第一基座(11)与基础台面(1)通过燕尾导轨连接并锁定位置；曲柄轴(12)为曲柄滑块机构中曲柄，能够在第一基座(11)上往复回转，用于安装驱动齿轮(7)和复位齿轮(6)，并与驱动齿轮(7)和复位齿轮(6)通过键固联；第一支座(10)安装在第一基座(11)上并对曲柄轴(12)一端进行支撑；滑块油缸(15)起曲柄滑块机构中滑块作用，用于加载往复直线运动；连杆(13)起曲柄滑块机构中的连杆作用，一端与曲柄轴(12)通过铰链连接，另一端通过连杆接头(14)通过铰链连接；连杆接头(14)与滑块油缸(15)的活塞固联。2. A gear meshing fatigue testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving device (2) is composed of a support member and a crank-slider mechanism, and the support member comprises a first support (10), A first base (11); the crank-slider mechanism includes a crankshaft (12), a connecting rod (13), a connecting rod joint (14), and a slider oil cylinder (15); the first base (11) is connected to a base table (13). 1) Connect and lock the position through the dovetail guide rail; the crankshaft (12) is the crank in the crank-slider mechanism, which can reciprocate on the first base (11) for installing the drive gear (7) and the reset gear (6) , and is fixedly connected with the drive gear (7) and the reset gear (6) by keys; the first support (10) is mounted on the first base (11) and supports one end of the crankshaft (12); the slider oil cylinder (15) plays the role of the slider in the crank-slider mechanism, and is used to load the reciprocating linear motion; the connecting rod (13) plays the role of the connecting rod in the crank-slider mechanism, one end is connected with the crank shaft (12) by a hinge, and the other end is connected by a hinge The connecting rod joint (14) is connected by a hinge; the connecting rod joint (14) is fixedly connected with the piston of the slider oil cylinder (15). 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种齿轮啮合的疲劳测试装置，其特征在于：所述模拟负载装置(3)包括第二支座(16)、支撑轴(17)、复位挡块(18)、第二基座(19)、负载发生器(20)，第二基座(19)与基础台面(1)通过燕尾导轨连接并锁定位置；支撑轴(17)能够在第二基座(19)上往复回转，与从动齿轮(9)、被复位齿轮(8)通过键固联同步转动，支撑轴(17)上设计有限定复位位置的凸缘；第二支座(16)安装在第二基座(19)上并对支撑轴(17)一端进行支撑；负载发生器(20)安装在第二基座(19)上并与支撑轴(17)一端连接提供负载转矩；复位挡块(18)安装在第二基座(19)上，通过阻挡支撑轴(17)上的凸缘以约束支撑轴(17)复位时的位置。3. A gear meshing fatigue testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the simulated load device (3) comprises a second support (16), a support shaft (17), a reset stopper (18) ), the second base (19), the load generator (20), the second base (19) and the base table (1) are connected and locked in position through the dovetail guide rail; the support shaft (17) can be mounted on the second base ( 19) It reciprocates and rotates synchronously with the driven gear (9) and the reset gear (8) through a keyed connection. The support shaft (17) is designed with a flange that defines the reset position; the second support (16) is installed On the second base (19) and support one end of the support shaft (17); the load generator (20) is mounted on the second base (19) and connected with one end of the support shaft (17) to provide load torque; The reset block (18) is installed on the second base (19), and restricts the position of the support shaft (17) when it is reset by blocking the flange on the support shaft (17). 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种齿轮啮合的疲劳测试装置，其特征在于：所述中央控制器(5)包括安装在计算机内的控制卡和液压控制阀、电流控制器，计算机内控制软件通过控制卡产生相位移时间信号驱动液压控制阀操作滑块油缸(15)的活塞做往复直线运动；产生载荷时间信号驱动负载发生器(20)产生不同大小的负载转矩。4. a kind of fatigue testing device of gear meshing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described central controller (5) comprises control card and hydraulic control valve, electric current controller that are installed in computer, control in computer The software generates the phase displacement time signal through the control card to drive the hydraulic control valve to operate the piston of the slider oil cylinder (15) to reciprocate linear motion; generates the load time signal to drive the load generator (20) to generate load torques of different sizes. 5.根据权利要求3所述的一种齿轮啮合的疲劳测试装置，其特征在于：基于所述疲劳测试装置的测试方法，包括如下步骤：5. The fatigue testing device of a gear meshing according to claim 3, wherein the testing method based on the fatigue testing device comprises the following steps: 步骤1：输入试验齿轮的相应几何参数，试验设定的加载数值，计算得到相应的试验模拟控制参数；Step 1: Input the corresponding geometric parameters of the test gear, the loading value set in the test, and calculate the corresponding test simulation control parameters; 步骤2：根据试验齿轮对应的几何参数选定相应的曲柄轴(12)、连杆(13)、连杆接头(14)，并结合第一基座(11)在基础台面(1)滑轨上的位置调节，组装好驱动机构，同时调节第二基座(19)在基础台面(1)滑轨上的位置，保证试验齿轮副的安装中心矩；Step 2: Select the corresponding crankshaft (12), connecting rod (13), connecting rod joint (14) according to the geometric parameters corresponding to the test gear, and combine the first base (11) with the slide rail on the base table (1). Assemble the drive mechanism and adjust the position of the second base (19) on the slide rail of the base table (1) to ensure the installation center moment of the test gear pair; 步骤3：将根据试验参数定制的单齿驱动齿轮(7)和单齿复位齿轮(6)安装在曲柄轴(12)上，单齿从动齿轮(9)和单齿被复位齿轮(8)安装在支撑轴(17)上，驱动齿轮(7)轮齿与复位齿轮(6)轮齿的安装齿距大于标准齿距，确保驱动和复位运动切换时有一段空行程，齿轮啮合状态在齿轮定制加工时确定；Step 3: Install the single-tooth drive gear (7) and single-tooth reset gear (6) customized according to the test parameters on the crankshaft (12), the single-tooth driven gear (9) and the single-tooth reset gear (8) It is installed on the support shaft (17), and the installation pitch between the teeth of the drive gear (7) and the teeth of the reset gear (6) is greater than the standard pitch, so as to ensure that there is a period of idle travel when switching between the drive and reset motion, and the gear meshing state is in the gear. Determined during custom processing; 步骤4：试验机进行高频往复加载试验，单个试验周期的加载过程为：从驱动齿轮(7)轮齿齿根与从动齿轮(9)齿顶开始接触到驱动齿轮(7)轮齿齿顶与从动齿轮(9)齿根接触，控制滑块油缸(15)的活塞做向下平移运动，通过连杆(13)拉动曲柄轴(12)与固联在轴上的驱动齿轮(7)和复位齿轮(6)绕轴心做小角度的逆时针转动；驱动齿轮(7)轮齿通过轮齿接触的啮合传动碾压从动齿轮(9)的轮齿使之随动做小角度的顺时针转动；从动齿轮(9)在随动的同时负载发生器(20)开始工作，产生逆时针方向的阻力转矩，通过支撑轴(17)传递加载到从动齿轮(9)上，确保在加载过程中，从动齿轮(9)的轮齿与驱动齿轮(7)的轮齿保持接触，模拟齿轮实际啮合过程中的运动、动力传递；Step 4: The testing machine conducts a high-frequency reciprocating loading test. The loading process of a single test cycle is as follows: from the tooth root of the driving gear (7) and the tooth tip of the driven gear (9) to the tooth of the driving gear (7) The top is in contact with the tooth root of the driven gear (9), controls the piston of the slider oil cylinder (15) to move downward in translation, and pulls the crankshaft (12) through the connecting rod (13) and the drive gear (7) fixed on the shaft. ) and the reset gear (6) rotate counterclockwise at a small angle around the axis; the gear teeth of the driving gear (7) roll over the gear teeth of the driven gear (9) through the meshing transmission of the gear teeth to make it follow the small angle The load generator (20) starts to work while the driven gear (9) is following, generating a counterclockwise resistance torque, and the load is transmitted to the driven gear (9) through the support shaft (17) , to ensure that the gear teeth of the driven gear (9) keep in contact with the gear teeth of the drive gear (7) during the loading process, simulating the motion and power transmission during the actual meshing process of the gears; 单个周期的急回过程如下：The rapid return process of a single cycle is as follows: 控制滑块油缸(15)的活塞做加速向上运动，通过连杆(13)推动曲柄轴(12)与固联在轴上的驱动齿轮(7)和复位齿轮(6)绕轴心迅速做小角度的顺时针转动；驱动齿轮(7)的轮齿立即与从动齿轮(9)的轮齿脱离接触；短暂空行程之后，复位齿轮(6)的齿根接触到被复位齿轮(8)的齿顶，开始复位啮合传动过程；同时负载发生器(20)降低负载，仅提供保持运动传递稳定的阻尼；当支撑轴(17)回归到零位时凸缘碰到具有阻尼作用的柔性复位挡块(18)后停止；在支撑轴(17)的凸缘和复位挡块接触面之间设置传感器，二者接触后，接触信号被传回试验软件，作为下一个周期开始的必要条件之一；The piston of the control slider oil cylinder (15) is accelerated and moved upward, and the crankshaft (12) is pushed through the connecting rod (13) and the drive gear (7) and the reset gear (6) fixed on the shaft are rapidly reduced around the axis. Clockwise rotation of the angle; the teeth of the driving gear (7) are immediately out of contact with the teeth of the driven gear (9); after a short idle stroke, the tooth roots of the reset gear (6) come into contact with the teeth of the reset gear (8). The tooth top starts to reset the meshing transmission process; at the same time, the load generator (20) reduces the load and only provides damping to keep the movement transmission stable; when the support shaft (17) returns to the zero position, the flange hits the flexible reset block with damping effect Stop after the block (18); a sensor is set between the flange of the support shaft (17) and the contact surface of the reset stopper. After the two are in contact, the contact signal is sent back to the test software as one of the necessary conditions for the start of the next cycle. ; 步骤5：在驱动齿轮(7)和从动齿轮(9)需监测的位置设置有包括应变片的传感器，监测实时变化信号。Step 5: Sensors including strain gauges are arranged at the positions where the driving gear (7) and the driven gear (9) need to be monitored to monitor real-time change signals.
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