CN106954431A - Large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a deep-buried straw returning machine with two rows of large ridges, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. It includes a frame, a gearbox, a transmission device, a straw collection device installed on the frame from the working front end to the rear end, a medicine box device, a burying device, a soil covering device and a suppression device. The straw collection device is composed of two groups The helical rollers are symmetrically connected by connecting shafts, and the connecting shafts are fixed on the frame through connecting plates. Each group of helical rollers is composed of two sets of symmetrically inclined blades, and the straw and weeds are chopped and collected from both sides to the middle; The rotating shaft cylinder of the burying device is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox through the transmission device, and the rotating shaft cylinder is connected to the straw collecting device by transmission. The rotary shovel blade of the burying device is placed in the ditch, and the medicine discharge device of the medicine box device is placed in the collecting device. rear. The invention can simultaneously complete stubble removal, straw collection, burying, suppression, etc., operations at one time during the operation process, so as to achieve the effects of deep burying and returning the straw to the field, fertilizing soil fertility, and enhancing soil organic matter.

Description

Large ridge double row straw deep burial returning machine

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a straw deep burying and returning machine for the double-row planting mode of a large ridge of corn.

Background technique

The three provinces in Northeast China are the largest major corn producing areas in the country, with a corn planting area of 230 million mu, and the amount of corn stalks that can be collected exceeds 110 million tons each year. However, the total utilization rate of corn stalks in Northeast China is less than 50%, and most of the stalks are discarded or burned, which not only wastes a lot of agricultural resources, but also causes serious environmental pollution. A large number of studies have shown that crop straw is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and is one of the important sources of organic fertilizer. Straw returning to the field can effectively increase the content of soil organic matter and improve the soil structure. At the same time, it can also solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the accumulation and burning of excess straw in China. In recent years, in order to make more effective use of straw resources, the Ministry of Agriculture has vigorously recommended straw returning technology to rural areas across the country. After the research on the technology of straw returning to the field and its supporting operating procedures, the direct returning of straw to the field has been popularized and applied in China. However, there are still some problems in the existing stubble removal machine in the process of returning to the field. For example, the straw returning to the field is shallow and how to clear the straw within a certain width on both sides of the furrow into the furrow. At present, it still lacks high collection efficiency and low power consumption. corresponding equipment. This originates from the public welfare industry (agriculture) scientific research special funding project "Research on Technical Indicators for Rational Farming Layer Construction in Dry Land (201503116)", research and demonstration of supporting agricultural machinery and tools for rational farming layer construction in the central and southern part of the Northeast Plain. Invented the 1JGSM straw deep burying and returning machine, which meets the technical requirements of deep plowing to improve soil, interval tillage, and straw returning to the field.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a deep-buried straw returning machine with two rows of large ridges. It can complete straw collection, burial, soil covering and other dry land preparation and straw returning operations at the same time in one operation, and can also achieve the effect of deep loosening and fertilization to enhance soil organic matter, effectively realize the joint operation of a single machine, and achieve the tightness of seedlings. The effect of the plow layer mode with both loose and tight rows between rows solves the problems of intercropping and straw returning to the field.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The present invention is a large ridge double-row straw deep-buried returning machine, comprising a frame, a gearbox, a transmission device, a straw collecting device installed on the frame from the working front end to the rear end, a medicine box device, a burying device, The soil covering device and the suppression device, the straw collecting device is composed of two groups of spiral rollers connected symmetrically through the connecting shaft, the connecting shaft is fixed on the frame through the connecting plate, and each group of spiral rollers is composed of two groups of symmetrically inclined blades, The straw and weeds are chopped and collected from both sides to the middle; the rotating shaft cylinder of the burying device is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox through the transmission device, and the rotating shaft cylinder is connected to the straw collecting device by transmission, and the rotary shovel blade of the burying device is set In the ditch, the drug ejector of the drug box device is placed behind the collecting device.

Further, the blades on each set of spiral rollers of the straw collection device are arranged symmetrically, and the blades of the two groups are arranged in a spiral shape alternately and equidistantly, and are transported from both ends to the middle to collect within 60 cm between the ridges.

Further, the angle α between the blade and the horizontal line is 10°-20°.

Further, there is an overlap of 1-3mm at the staggered joints of the two groups of blades.

Further, the blade is provided with a cutting edge with a cutting angle of 14°-20°.

Further, the burial device includes a rotating shaft cylinder, a rotating spade blade and a soil retaining board, at least two rows of rotating spade blades and a soil retaining board are arranged axially along the rotating shaft cylinder, and the rotating spade blades and the soil retaining board are arranged at intervals , the rotary shovel blade is located on one side of the rotating shaft cylinder, and the soil supporting plate is located on the other side of the rotating shaft cylinder. The radius of the soil supporting plate is smaller than the radius of the rotating shovel blade, and the radius difference is the height of tillage depth, that is: the rotary shovel blade cuts the soil At this time, the supporting soil plate just in time drags the upper end of the soil wall.

Further, when two rows of rotating shovel blades are arranged, there are three rotating shovel blades in the row near the end, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft cylinder, bent inwardly, and arranged in the same direction; the other row of rotating shovel blades Six spade blades are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft cylinder, three of which are curved inwardly, and the other three are curved outwardly.

Further, the installation angle β of the rotary shovel blade is 72°-81°.

Further, the phase angle γ between the soil support plate and the blade is 60°-65°.

Further, the soil covering device is installed and fixed on the rear beam of the frame through the fixing plate, and includes a connecting plate connected with the fixing plate, and a soil covering device connected with the connecting plate, and the soil covering device includes two sides symmetrically connected on both sides of the connecting plate through pin shafts. There is a support plate connected between the two horizontal plates, a fixed frame is connected to the connecting plate, one end of the round rod with a spring is connected to the support plate, and the other end extends out of the through hole of the fixed frame, under the action of spring force Moving up and down along the through hole, the ends of the two horizontal plates are connected to the soil-covering connecting rod, and the two ends of the soil-covering connecting rod are symmetrically connected to the soil-covering board through the convex connecting plate.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The machine tool of the present invention includes a spiral roller type straw collection device, a medicine box device, a burying device, a soil covering device and a suppression device, a frame, a gearbox, a transmission device and the like. The straw collection device can chop straw and weeds and collect them from both sides to the middle; the rotary shovel blade and the soil support plate of the burial device are arranged on the rotating shaft tube, and when the rotary shovel cuts the soil, the soil support plate Just dragging the upper end of the soil wall is beneficial to turn the cut soil wall down and bury the straw and weeds in the soil. The medicine discharge device of the medicine box device is placed behind the collection device, which can discharge the biological agent fertilizer and the like into the overturned straw in a timely and even manner. During work, it can complete stubble removal, straw collection, burial, suppression and other items such as dry land preparation and straw returning operations, and can also achieve deep burial of straw returning to the field, fertilizing soil fertility, and enhancing soil organic matter. The machines and implements developed according to the invention realize joint operation, effectively improve the utilization rate of large and medium-sized tractors, and achieve agricultural technical problems such as deep burial of corn ridges and double-row planting mode, deep plowing and soil improvement, interval tillage, and straw returning.

2. The straw collection device of the present invention The straw collection device is composed of two groups of spiral rollers connected symmetrically through the connecting shaft, the connecting shaft is fixed on the frame through the connecting plate, the two groups of spiral roller collecting devices are arranged symmetrically, and the blade blades are inclined 10 °-20° welded on the helical roller, each set of helical rollers has 16 blade knives, 8 sets of blade knives at the left end and 8 sets of blade knives at the right end are arranged staggeredly on the helical roller, and there are 1-3mm gaps at the joints The amount of overlap prevents missed cuts and blockages, and can chop straw and weeds and collect them from both sides to the middle within 60cm between the ridges.

3. The rotary shovel blades and soil support plates of the burial device of the present invention are evenly arranged on the rotary shaft cylinder at intervals along the radial direction. The rotary shovel blades are arranged in 2 rows, among which there are 3 rotary shovel blades in the row near the end, which are bent inward and arranged in the same direction; the other row of rotary shovel blades are 6 evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft cylinder, of which 3 rotary spade blades are curved inwards and the other three rotary spade blades are curved outwards. When the rotary shovel blade cuts the soil, the soil support plate can support the soil block, which is beneficial to turn the cut soil and bury the straw and weeds deep into the soil. Biological fertilizers are discharged into the overturned straw, which is conducive to the decay of straw and the increase of soil fertilizer.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the straw collecting device in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 2( a ) is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of FIG. 2 .

Fig. 2(b) is a schematic plan view of Fig. 2(a).

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the ground wheel device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the suppression device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the soil covering device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the buried device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 7 is a left side view of Fig. 6 .

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the medicine box device in Fig. 1 .

In the figure: 1. Rack,

2. Collection device: 21. Helical roller, 22. Connecting plate, 23. U-bolt, 24 flat key, 25. Connecting shaft;

3. Ground wheel device: 31. Ground wheel, 32. Intermediate shaft, 33. Connecting plate, 34. Diamond seat bearing;

4. Repression device: 41 connecting rod, 42 bearing seat, 43 suppressor, 44 connecting beam, 45 connecting plate;

5. Soil-covering device: 51. Fixed plate, 52. Cylinder, 53. Connecting plate, 54. Spring, 55. Horizontal plate, 56. Soil-covering connecting rod, 57 Soil-covering plate, 58. Convex connecting plate;

6. Buried device: 61. Soil support plate, 62. Knife holder, 63. Rotating shaft cylinder, 64. Blade connecting plate, 65. Rotating shovel blade;

7. Medicine box device: 71 medicine box, 72. medicine discharge device, 73. medicine box fixing plate.

8. Transmission device; 9. Gearbox; 10. Upper suspension; 11. Lower suspension.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment: As shown in Fig. 1, a large ridge double-row straw returning machine of the present invention includes a frame 1, a gearbox 9, a transmission device 8, and is installed on the frame 1 sequentially from the working front end to the rear end. Straw collection device 2, medicine box device 7, burying device 6, soil covering device 5 and suppression device 4, the straw collection device 2 is composed of two groups of spiral rollers 21 symmetrically connected through a connecting shaft 25, and the connecting shaft 25 passes through a connecting plate 22 is fixed on the frame 1, and each group of spiral rollers 21 is composed of two groups of symmetrically inclined blades, and the straw and weeds are chopped and collected from both sides to the middle; the rotating shaft cylinder 63 of the buried device 6 is driven The device 8 is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox 9, the rotating shaft cylinder 63 is in transmission connection with the straw collection device 2, the rotary shovel blade 65 of the burial device 6 is placed in the ditch, and the drug discharge device 72 of the medicine box device 7 is placed behind the collection device 2 .

The rotating shaft cylinder 63 of the burying device 6 is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox 9 through the transmission device, and the rotating shaft cylinder 63 is connected to the straw collection device 2 by transmission. The device 72 is placed on the rear side of the collecting device 2, which can timely and evenly discharge the biological agent fertilizer and the like into the overturned straw, which is beneficial to the decay of the straw and the increase of soil fertilizer.

As shown in Figure 2, each group of spiral rollers 21 of the straw collection device is composed of two groups of blades that are arranged symmetrically and inclined. In this example, there are 8 in each group, and the two groups of blades are staggered and equidistantly arranged in a spiral shape. Chopped with weeds, etc., transported from both ends to the middle and collected within 60cm between the ridges. The included angle α between the blade and the horizontal line is 10°-20°, and α is selected as 10° in this example, so as to facilitate the transportation of chopped straw and weeds. There is a blade on the blade, and the blade angle is 14°-20°. In this example, 19° is selected to ensure that the straw and weeds on the ground are chopped, which is conducive to the rapid decay of the straw after deep burial, and improves the organic matter of the soil; There is an overlap of 1-3mm at the staggered joints of the two groups of blades to prevent missed cuts and blockages.

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the buried device includes a rotating shaft cylinder 63, a rotating shovel blade 65 and a soil holding board 61, and at least two rows of rotating shovel blades 65 and soil holding boards are arranged axially along the rotating shaft cylinder 63. The plate 61, the rotary shovel blade 65 and the soil supporting plate 61 are arranged at intervals, the rotary shovel blade 65 is located on one side of the rotating shaft cylinder 63, the soil supporting plate 61 is located on the other side of the rotating shaft cylinder 63, and the radius of the soil supporting plate 61 is smaller than that of the rotating shovel blade The radius of 65, the radius difference is the plowing depth height, that is: when the rotary shovel blade 65 cuts off the soil row, the soil support plate 61 just drags the upper end of the soil row, which is beneficial to turning the cut soil row down to remove straw and weeds buried in the soil.

When two rows of the rotary shovel blades 65 are arranged, there are three rotary shovel blades 65 in the row near the end, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft cylinder 63, bent inward, and arranged in the same direction; the other row of rotary shovel blades There are six blades 65 uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft cylinder 63, three of which are curved inwardly, and the other three are curved outwardly.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the installation angle β of the rotary shovel blade 65 is 72°-81°, and in this example β is 72°. The radius of described supporting soil plate and rotary shovel blade is set according to actual needs, and the radius of rotation of soil supporting plate in this example is 300mm, and the rotating radius of rotating shovel blade is 400mm, and each row is three, and is evenly distributed along the circumference, and soil supporting plate The phase angle γ with which the rotary spade blade 65 is mounted is 60°-65°. , that is, the installation angle relative to the rotating shovel blade 65 in the clockwise direction is γ, and in this example γ is 62°. Rotary shovel blade 65 cuts the soil furrow during work, and the supporting soil plate 61 and the rotary shovel blade 65 bring the soil furrow to the back together. When the rotating spade blade 65 lifted up the soil wall, the soil wall broke away from the supporting soil plate 61 and slid down.

The radius of rotation of the helical roller 21 in this example is 150 mm, the pitch is about 11 cm, and the maximum thickness of the helical roller 21 can be collected is 50 mm. A single helical roller and its development are shown in Figure 2(a), (b). The helical roller 21 of the collection device 2 is connected to the rotating shaft cylinder 63 of the burying device 6 through a transmission chain, and the power is transmitted from the rotating shaft cylinder 63 to the helical roller 21 through the sprocket, driving the helical roller 21 to rotate, and the speed of straw collection is 32r /min.

As shown in Figure 3, the ground wheel device 3 is an existing traditional structure, and the two ground wheels on it are respectively fixed on both sides of the frame 1 through connecting plates 33, located behind the buried device 6 and behind the soil covering device 5. In front, it plays the role of supporting walking.

As shown in Fig. 4, the described suppressing device 4 is an existing traditional structure, and the suppressor 43 is welded on the rear end of the frame 1 through the connecting parts. 44 and connecting plate 45 to form. The suppressor 43 is formed by a plurality of suppressing wheels arranged side by side on the rotating shaft, which is to compact the land covered with loose soil and reduce the evaporation of soil moisture. The diameter of the suppressing wheel is 200mm, and the suppressing range is 600mm.

As shown in Figure 5, the described soil cover device 5 is installed and fixed on the rear beam of the frame 1 through a fixed plate 51, and includes a connecting plate 53 connected with the fixed plate, and a soil covering device connected with the connecting plate 53. Symmetrically connected to the horizontal plates 55 on both sides of the connecting plate 53, a support plate is connected between the two horizontal plates 55, a fixed frame is connected to the connecting plate 53, and one end of a round rod with a spring 54 is connected to the supporting plate, and the other end protrudes The through hole of the fixed frame moves up and down along the through hole under the action of spring force, and the ends of the two horizontal plates 55 are connected with the soil-covering connecting rod 56, and the soil-covering connecting rod 56 two ends are symmetrically connected with the soil-covering plate 57 by the convex connecting plate 58. The earth covering device of earth covering device 5 is adjusted automatically along with the height of ground by spring 55, and earth covering range is about 600mm.

As shown in Figure 8, the medicine box device 7 is connected on the frame 1 by the medicine box 71 and the medicine ejector 72 through the medicine box fixing plate 72, and the medicine ejector 72 connected on the medicine box 71 is placed in the collecting device 2 behind the helical roller 21. Biological agent is housed in the medicine box 71, is conducive to collecting the rot of the stalk after deep burial.

The present invention is connected with the tractor through the upper suspension 10 and the lower suspension 11, and the tractor power output shaft is connected with the universal coupling to transmit the power of the tractor to the equipment gearbox 9, and the rotating shaft cylinder 63 connected thereto is driven by the gearbox 9 to rotate. Thereby drive the helical roller 21 that is connected with rotating shaft cylinder 63 to rotate, after collecting device 2 collects stalks, the medicine discharge device 72 of medicine box 71 sprays medicine on the stalks, accelerates stalks to rot, and bury through earth covering device 5 covering soil. The machine is selected to be used together with a wheeled tractor with a power greater than 25kW, and the Class I three-point suspension is selected. Overall dimensions of the machine (length×width×height): 2400mm×1260mm×1190mm, the width of straw collection is 1200mm, the width of straw deep burial is 600mm, and the deep loosening depth is 25cm.

The rotation speed of the power output shaft of the tractor is 540r/min, and the rotation speed of the rotating blade shaft after being decelerated by the gearbox is 65r/min, so the gearbox adopts a set of bevel gears for speed change, the transmission ratio is 1.8, and the transmission ratio of the gearbox is 4.6. After deceleration, the power is transmitted to the rotating shaft cylinder; the speed of the collecting device is 32r/min, and the power is transmitted by the rotating shovel shaft through the sprocket. The forward speed of the straw taking and returning machine of the present invention is 2.34km/h.

Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the included angle α between the blade of the spiral roller and the horizontal line in this embodiment is 15°; the edge angle of the cutting edge on the blade is 14°. The installation angle β of the rotary spade blade 65 is 81°. The phase angle γ between the soil support plate and the rotary shovel blade 65 is 60°.

Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is: the included angle α between the blade of the spiral roller and the horizontal line in this embodiment is 18°; the edge angle of the cutting edge on the blade is 20°. The installation angle β of the rotary spade blade 65 is 75°. The phase angle γ between the soil support plate and the rotary spade blade 65 is 50°.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：Including frame, gearbox, transmission device, installed in machine Straw-collecting device, medicine-chest device, burial device, covering device and the suppression dress set gradually on frame by working front edge to rear end Put, the straw-collecting device is to be connected and composed by two groups of helical rollers by connecting axial symmetry, and connecting shaft is fixed by connecting plate In frame, every group of helical roller is symmetrically obliquely installed by two groups of blades and constituted, will be lateral middle by two after stalk and weeds chopping Collect；The rotating shaft tube for burying device connects the output shaft of gearbox, rotating shaft tube and straw collecting by transmission device Device is connected, and the rotation spade blade for burying device is placed in furrow, and the drug row device of medicine-chest device is placed in collection device rear.

2. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Every group of the straw-collecting device Blade on helical roller is symmetrical arranged, and two groups of blade staggers are equidistantly arranged by scroll, and ridge is collected into from two ends to centre conveying Between in 60cm.

3. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The blade and horizontal folder Angle α is 10 ° -20 °.

4. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Two groups of blade staggers linking There is 1-3mm lap at place.

5. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Cutting edge is provided with the blade, The basil is 14 ° -20 °.

6. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described burial device includes rotation Rotating shaft cylinder, rotation spade blade and the native plate of support, spade blade and the native plate of support, rotation are rotated along axially arranged at least two rows of the rotating shaft tube Turn spade blade and the native plate interval setting of support, rotation spade blade is located at rotating shaft tube side, and the native plate of support is located at rotating shaft tube opposite side, The radius of the native plate of support is less than the radius of rotation spade blade, semidiameter be tilling depth highly, i.e.,：When rotation spade blade cuts upturned soil, support Native plate just holds the upper end of upturned soil.

7. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The rotation spade blade sets two During row, wherein the rotation spade blade by the row of end one is three, along rotating shaft tube circumference uniform distribution, to inward side to bending, along same One direction is set；The rotation spade blade of another row be six along rotating shaft tube circumference uniform distribution, wherein three rotation spade blades are inside Lateral bend, the other three rotation outside lateral bend of spade blade.

8. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The installation of the rotation spade blade Angle beta is 72 ° -81 °.

9. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The native plate of support is installed with blade Phase angle γ be 60 ° -65 °.

10. large-ridge double-row straw deep-burying and returning machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described covering device passes through Fixed plate is fixed on the back rest of frame, including the connecting plate being connected with fixed plate, and the coverer being connected with connecting plate covers Earthenware, which includes being connected with supporting plate, connecting plate between the transverse slat for being symmetrically connected to connecting plate both sides by bearing pin, two transverse slats, to be connected There is fixed mount, the round bar one end for being set with spring is connected on the supporting plate, and the other end stretches out the through hole of fixed mount, in spring force In the presence of moved up and down along through hole, two transverse slat ends connection earthing connecting rod, connected at earthing connecting rod two ends by convex Plate symmetrically connects trailing bar.