CN106949165A - A kind of transmission gear clutch structure and speed changer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of transmission design and manufacture, and in particular relates to a transmission gear clutch structure and a transmission. In the present invention, the side surface of the auxiliary teeth of the gear is set as a slope, and the auxiliary teeth can generate a certain axial force on the gear sleeve during the transmission process, thereby preventing the gear sleeve from falling off from the auxiliary teeth, effectively avoiding the problem of the transmission being out of gear; in addition, The invention sets the circular ring groove on the traditional shift fork shaft as a V-shaped ring groove, changes the single-point contact between the positioning ball and the ring groove into two-point contact, and can effectively reduce the wear rate of the positioning ball.

Description

A transmission gear clutch structure and a transmission

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of transmission design and manufacture, and in particular relates to a transmission gear clutch structure and a transmission.

Background technique

The main function of the transmission is to change the output speed of the driving parts, which is generally realized by changing the gear ratio between the gear sets. The transmissions in the prior art mainly include gear sliding type and gear hub tooth sleeve type. The gear sliding type is achieved by Change the axial position of the multiple gears to mesh with different gears to achieve a change in gear ratio, while the hub and gear sleeve type controls the clutch relationship between the gear and the shaft through the gear sleeve and the gear hub to control the different gears. gears to output power. The common defect of the above two kinds of transmissions is that the positioning structure is prone to wear and tear, which leads to the problem of gear disengagement.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a transmission gear clutch structure and a transmission that are not easy to disengage.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a transmission gear clutch structure, including a rotating shaft, a gear, a gear hub, a gear sleeve and a shift fork; The gear is equipped with auxiliary teeth of the same specifications as the teeth on the gear hub; the inner ring surface of the gear sleeve is provided with internal teeth that can be fitted with the auxiliary teeth of the gear hub and the gear. The sleeve is fitted on the gear hub and the auxiliary teeth of the gear, and can slide back and forth between the gear hub and the auxiliary teeth of the gear along the axial direction of the rotating shaft; when the gear sleeve is only located on the gear hub or the auxiliary teeth of the driving gear, the gear can Rotate freely relative to the rotating shaft. When the gear sleeve is located between the gear hub and the auxiliary teeth of the driving gear, the gears can rotate synchronously relative to the rotating shaft; One end of the hub is gradually set close to the center line of the auxiliary gear; the shift fork is fixedly connected with the gear sleeve for driving the gear sleeve to slide.

The end of the auxiliary tooth opposite to the gear hub is provided with a guide surface, and the guide surface is gradually inclined from the side of the auxiliary tooth to the center of the end of the auxiliary tooth; the end of the tooth on the tooth hub opposite to the gear is provided There is a guide surface of the same structure as the tip of the auxiliary tooth.

The shifting fork is fixedly connected with a sliding sleeve, and the sliding sleeve is sleeved on the shifting fork shaft and forms an axial sliding fit with the shifting fork shaft. The shifting fork shaft and the rotating shaft are parallel to each other. There is a V-shaped ring groove on the outer ring surface, and a radial positioning hole is opened inside the sliding sleeve, and a positioning ball and a compression spring are arranged in the radial positioning hole, and the compression spring can press the positioning ball against the shift fork. In the V-shaped ring groove of the shaft, the sliding sleeve is prevented from sliding freely. When the sliding sleeve is subjected to a sufficiently large axial external force, the force between the positioning ball and the V-shaped ring groove can overcome the elastic force of the compression spring and make the positioning ball move from the V Sliding out of the type ring groove, so that the sliding sleeve can slide axially relative to the fork shaft.

A transmission, comprising the transmission gear clutch structure; wherein the rotating shaft is an input shaft, and the gears are provided with three, that is, a first driving gear, a second driving gear, and a third driving gear, and the tooth hub is provided with two One is the first gear hub and the second gear hub. The gear sleeve is provided with two gears, namely the first gear sleeve and the second gear sleeve. There are two shift forks, and the two shift forks correspond to the two gear sleeves one by one. , and the two shift forks are set to move synchronously; the first driving gear, the second driving gear, and the third driving gear are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the input shaft, and the first gear hub is located between the first driving gear and the second driving gear Between, the second gear hub is located between the second driving gear and the third driving gear, the auxiliary teeth of the first driving gear and the second driving gear are arranged adjacent to the first gear hub, and the third driving gear The auxiliary teeth of the gear are arranged adjacent to the second tooth hub; the first tooth sleeve is slidably arranged between the auxiliary teeth of the first and second driving gears and the first tooth hub, and the second tooth sleeve is slidably arranged at the second tooth hub. Between the second gear hub and the auxiliary teeth of the third driving gear; when the first gear sleeve is located between the auxiliary teeth of the first driving gear and the first gear hub, the second gear sleeve is just located on the second gear hub, when When the first gear sleeve is only located on the first gear hub, the second gear sleeve is just located between the second gear hub and the auxiliary teeth of the third driving gear; when the first gear sleeve is located between the first gear hub and the second driving gear When between the auxiliary teeth, the second gear sleeve is just located on the auxiliary teeth of the third driving gear; the transmission also includes an output shaft, a first driven gear, a second driven gear and a third driven gear; the first The driven gear, the second driven gear, and the third driven gear are all synchronously connected to the output shaft, the first driving gear meshes with the first driven gear, and the second driving gear meshes with the second driven gear , the third driving gear meshes with the third driven gear.

A gear bushing is respectively arranged between the first driving gear, the second driving gear, the third driving gear and the input shaft, and the interference fit between each gear bushing and the input shaft, the first driving gear, the second driving gear A needle roller bearing is respectively arranged between the driving gear, the third driving gear and each gear bushing.

An input gear is also provided on the input shaft, which is arranged adjacent to the first driving gear, and is connected to the input shaft for synchronous rotation, and is used for transmitting external power to the input shaft.

The end of the input shaft close to the input gear is provided with a cylindrical roller bearing, and the end of the input shaft far away from the input gear is provided with a deep groove ball bearing.

A thrust pad is provided between the third driving gear and the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing on the input shaft.

Both ends of the output shaft are respectively provided with a deep groove ball bearing.

A spacer is provided between the first driven gear and the second driven gear, and between the second driven gear and the third driven gear.

The technical effect of the present invention is that: the present invention sets the side of the auxiliary teeth of the gear as a slope, and the auxiliary teeth can generate a certain axial force on the gear sleeve during the transmission process, thereby preventing the gear sleeve from falling off from the auxiliary teeth, effectively avoiding the transmission In addition, the present invention sets the circular ring groove on the traditional shift fork shaft into a V-shaped ring groove, and changes the single-point contact between the positioning ball and the ring groove into a two-point contact, which can effectively reduce the positioning ball. wear rate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the transmission gear clutch structure provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial view from B direction of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the front view of the shift fork driving structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a shift fork driving structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the first gear state of the transmission provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the neutral state of the transmission provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the second gear state of the transmission provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the neutral state of the transmission provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the third gear state of the transmission provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, a transmission gear clutch structure includes a rotating shaft, a gear 11, a hub 12, a gear sleeve 13, and a shift fork 131; fit; the gear 11 is provided with auxiliary teeth 111 of the same specifications as the teeth on the gear hub 12; Internal teeth, the gear sleeve 13 is set on the gear hub 12 and the auxiliary teeth 111 of the gear 11, and can slide back and forth between the gear hub 12 and the auxiliary teeth 111 of the gear 11 along the axial direction of the rotating shaft; when the gear sleeve 13 is only When located on the gear hub 12 or the auxiliary teeth 111 of the gear 11, the gear 11 can rotate freely relative to the rotating shaft; when the gear sleeve 13 is located between the gear hub 12 and the auxiliary teeth 111 of the driving gear 11, the gear 11 can be synchronized relative to the rotating shaft Rotation; at least one of the ridgelines 112 of the auxiliary teeth 111 is gradually set close to the center line of the auxiliary teeth 111 from the end close to the gear hub 12 to the end far away from the gear hub 12; the shift fork 131 is fixedly connected with the gear sleeve 13, Used to drive the gear sleeve 13 to slide. In the present invention, the side surface of the auxiliary teeth 111 of the gear 11 is set as a slope, and the auxiliary teeth 111 can generate a certain axial force on the gear sleeve 13 during the transmission process, thereby preventing the gear sleeve 13 from falling off from the auxiliary teeth 111, effectively avoiding the detachment of the transmission. file problem.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2 , the end of the auxiliary tooth 111 opposite to the gear hub 12 is provided with a guide surface 113 , and the guide surface 113 is gradually inclined from the side of the auxiliary tooth 111 to the center of the end of the auxiliary tooth 111 The end of the tooth on the gear hub 12 opposite to the gear 11 is provided with a guide surface 113 having the same structure as the end of the auxiliary tooth 111 . During the switching process of the tooth sleeve 13, the guide surface 113 can drive the auxiliary tooth 111 or the gear hub 12 to automatically face each other to avoid jamming.

Preferably, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the shift fork 131 is fixedly connected with a sliding sleeve 132, and the sliding sleeve 132 is sleeved on the shift fork shaft 133 and forms an axial sliding fit with the shift fork shaft 133. The shift fork shaft 133 is parallel to the rotating shaft, a V-shaped ring groove 136 is provided on the outer ring surface of the shift fork shaft 133, and a radial positioning hole is opened inside the sliding sleeve 132, and inside the radial positioning hole A positioning ball 134 and a compression spring 135 are provided, and the compression spring 135 can press the positioning ball 134 in the V-shaped ring groove 136 of the shift fork shaft 133 to prevent the sliding sleeve 132 from sliding freely. When the force is outward, the active force between the positioning ball and the V-shaped ring groove 136 can overcome the elastic force of the stage clip 135 and make the positioning ball 134 slide out from the V-shaped ring groove 136, so that the sliding sleeve 132 can move axially relative to the dial. The fork shaft 133 slides. In the present invention, the circular ring groove on the traditional fork shaft 133 is set as a V-shaped ring groove 136, and the single-point contact between the positioning ball 134 and the ring groove is changed into a two-point contact, which can effectively reduce the wear rate of the positioning ball 134 .

Example 2

As shown in Figures 5 to 9, a transmission includes the transmission gear clutch structure described in Embodiment 1; wherein the rotating shaft is an input shaft 10, and the gear 11 is provided with three first driving gears 11a, a second driving gear 11b, the third driving gear 11c, the gear hub 12 is provided with two gears, the first gear hub 12a and the second gear hub 12b, and the gear sleeve 13 is provided with two gears, namely the first gear hub 13a and the second gear hub 13a. There are two shift forks 131, the two shift forks 131 are in one-to-one correspondence with the two tooth sleeves 13a, 13b, and the two shift forks 131 are set to move synchronously; the first driving gear 11a, the second driving gear 11b 1. The third driving gear 11c is arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the input shaft 10, the first gear hub 12a is located between the first driving gear 11a and the second driving gear 11b, and the second gear hub 12b is located between the second driving gear Between 11b and the third driving gear 11c, the auxiliary teeth 111 of the first driving gear 11a and the second driving gear 11b are arranged adjacent to the first hub 12a, and the auxiliary teeth 111 of the third driving gear 11c are adjacent to the first gear hub 12a. The two gear hubs 12b are arranged adjacently; the first gear sleeve 13a is slidably disposed between the auxiliary teeth 111 of the first and second driving gears 11a, 11b and the first gear hub 12a, and the second gear sleeve 13b is slidably disposed Between the second gear hub 12b and the auxiliary tooth 111 of the third driving gear 11c; Just located on the second gear hub 12b, when the first gear sleeve 13a is only located on the first gear hub 12a, the second gear sleeve 13b is just located between the second gear hub 12b and the auxiliary teeth 111 of the third driving gear 11c , when the first tooth sleeve 13a is located between the first gear hub 12a and the auxiliary tooth 111 of the second driving gear 11b, the second tooth sleeve 13b is just located on the auxiliary tooth 111 of the third driving gear 11c; the transmission also includes an output Shaft 20, the first driven gear 21, the second driven gear 22 and the third driven gear 23; the first driven gear 21, the second driven gear 22 and the third driven gear 23 are all connected to the output shaft 20 are connected in synchronous rotation, the first driving gear 11a meshes with the first driven gear 21, the second driving gear 11b meshes with the second driven gear 22, and the third driving gear 11c meshes with the third driven gear 23 engagement.

Preferably, a gear bushing 17 is respectively provided between the first driving gear 11a, the second driving gear 11b, the third driving gear 11c and the input shaft 10, and the interference fit between each gear bushing 17 and the input shaft 10 A needle roller bearing 18 is respectively provided between the first driving gear 11 a , the second driving gear 11 b , the third driving gear 11 c and each gear bushing 17 . The input shaft 10 is further provided with an input gear 14 , which is adjacent to the first driving gear 11 a. The input gear 14 is synchronously connected to the input shaft 10 for transmitting external power to the input shaft 10 . The end of the input shaft 10 close to the input gear 14 is provided with a cylindrical roller bearing 15 , and the end of the input shaft 10 away from the input gear 14 is provided with a deep groove ball bearing 16 . A thrust pad 19 is provided between the third driving gear 11c and the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 16 on the input shaft 10 . Two ends of the output shaft 20 are respectively provided with a deep groove ball bearing 25 . A spacer 24 is provided between the first driven gear 21 and the second driven gear 22 , and between the second driven gear 22 and the third driven gear 23 .

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (10)

1. A transmission gear clutch structure, characterized in that: it comprises a rotating shaft, a gear (11), a gear hub (12), a gear sleeve (13) and a shift fork (131); the gear (11) is emptied on the rotating shaft , the gear hub (12) is interference fit with the rotating shaft; the gear (11) is provided with auxiliary teeth (111) with the same specifications as the teeth on the gear hub (12); the inner gear sleeve (13) The ring surface is provided with internal teeth capable of fitting with the auxiliary teeth (111) of the gear hub (12) and the gear (11), and the gear sleeve (13) is sleeved on the gear hub (12) and the auxiliary teeth (111) of the gear (11). tooth (111), and can slide back and forth between the gear hub (12) and the auxiliary teeth (111) of the gear (11) along the axial direction of the rotating shaft; when the gear sleeve (13) is only located on the gear hub (12) or When the auxiliary teeth (111) of (11) are on, the gear (11) can rotate freely relative to the shaft. , the gear (11) can rotate synchronously with respect to the rotating shaft; at least one side of the ridge line (112) of the auxiliary tooth (111) gradually approaches the auxiliary tooth (111) from the end close to the gear hub (12) to the end far away from the gear hub (12). The centerline of the teeth (111) is set; the shift fork (131) is fixedly connected with the gear sleeve (13), and is used to drive the gear sleeve (13) to slide. 2. The transmission gear clutch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end of the auxiliary tooth (111) opposite to the gear hub (12) is provided with a guide surface (113), and the guide surface (113) From the side of the auxiliary tooth (111) gradually inclined to the center of the end of the auxiliary tooth (111); ) guide surface (113) of the same structure at the end. 3. The transmission gear clutch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shift fork (131) is fixedly connected with a sliding sleeve (132), and the sliding sleeve (132) is sleeved on the shift fork shaft (133) and form an axial sliding fit with the shift fork shaft (133), the shift fork shaft (133) is parallel to the rotating shaft, and the outer ring surface of the shift fork shaft (133) is provided with a V-ring groove ( 136), the inside of the sliding sleeve (132) is provided with a radial positioning hole, and a positioning ball (134) and a compression spring (135) are arranged in the radial positioning hole, and the compression spring (135) can position the positioning ball (134) is pressed in the V-shaped ring groove (136) of the shift fork shaft (133) to prevent the sliding sleeve (132) from sliding freely. When the sliding sleeve (132) is subjected to a sufficiently large axial external force, the positioning ball (134) The force between the V-shaped ring groove (136) can overcome the elastic force of the compression spring (135) and make the positioning ball (134) slide out from the V-shaped ring groove (136), so that the sliding sleeve (132) can move along the axis to slide relative to the fork shaft (133). 4. A speed changer, characterized in that: comprise the gear clutch structure of the speed changer according to any one of claims 1 to 3; wherein the rotating shaft is an input shaft (10), and the gear (11) is provided with three, that is, the first Driving gear (11a), the second driving gear (11b), the third driving gear (11c), the toothed hub (12) is provided with two namely the first toothed hub (12a) and the second toothed hub (12b), The gear sleeve (13) is provided with two namely the first gear sleeve (13a) and the second gear sleeve (13b), and the shift fork (131) is provided with two, two shift forks (131) and two gear sleeves (13a, 13b) are in one-to-one correspondence, and the two shift forks (131) are synchronously moved; the first driving gear (11a), the second driving gear (11b), and the third driving gear (11c) ) in the axial direction sequence, the first gear hub (12a) is located between the first driving gear (11a) and the second driving gear (11b), and the second gear hub (12b) is located between the second driving gear ( Between 11b) and the third driving gear (11c), the auxiliary teeth (111) of the first driving gear (11a) and the second driving gear (11b) are arranged adjacent to the first gear hub (12a), and the The auxiliary teeth (111) of the third driving gear (11c) are arranged adjacent to the second gear hub (12b); Between the auxiliary teeth (111) and the first gear hub (12a), the second gear sleeve (13b) is slidably arranged between the second gear hub (12b) and the auxiliary teeth (111) of the third driving gear (11c) When the first gear sleeve (13a) is located between the auxiliary teeth (111) of the first driving gear (11a) and the first gear hub (12a), the second gear sleeve (13b) is just located on the second gear hub (12b), when the first gear sleeve (13a) is only located on the first gear hub (12a), the second gear sleeve (13b) is just located between the second gear hub (12b) and the third driving gear (11c) Between the auxiliary teeth (111), when the first gear sleeve (13a) is located between the first gear hub (12a) and the auxiliary teeth (111) of the second driving gear (11b), the second gear sleeve (13b) just Only on the secondary teeth (111) of the third driving gear (11c); the transmission also includes an output shaft (20), a first driven gear (21), a second driven gear (22) and a third driven gear ( 23); the first driven gear (21), the second driven gear (22), and the third driven gear (23) are all synchronously connected to the output shaft (20), and the first driven gear (11a ) meshes with the first driven gear (21), the second driving gear (11b) meshes with the second driven gear (22), and the third driving gear (11c) meshes with the third driven gear (23) engage. 5. The transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: the first driving gear (11a), the second driving gear (11b), the third driving gear (11c) and the input shaft (10) are respectively provided with There is a gear bushing (17), interference fit between each gear bushing (17) and the input shaft (10), the first driving gear (11a), the second driving gear (11b), the third driving gear ( A needle bearing (18) is respectively provided between 11c) and each gear bushing (17). 6. The transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: the input shaft (10) is also provided with an input gear (14), which is arranged next to the first driving gear (11a), the input The gear (14) is connected to the input shaft (10) for synchronous rotation, and is used for transmitting external power to the input shaft (10). 7. The transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that: the end of the input shaft (10) close to the input gear (14) is provided with a cylindrical roller bearing (15), and the input shaft (10) is far away from the input gear One end of (14) is provided with deep groove ball bearing (16). 8. The transmission according to claim 7, characterized in that: a thrust pad ( 19). 9. The transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: two ends of the output shaft (20) are respectively provided with a deep groove ball bearing (25). 10. The transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that: between the first driven gear (21) and the second driven gear (22), between the second driven gear (22) and the third driven gear A spacer (24) is respectively arranged between the gears (23).