CN106903204B - Multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method - Google Patents
Multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106903204B CN106903204B CN201710052910.8A CN201710052910A CN106903204B CN 106903204 B CN106903204 B CN 106903204B CN 201710052910 A CN201710052910 A CN 201710052910A CN 106903204 B CN106903204 B CN 106903204B
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- bipyramid
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- mandrel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
- B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/22—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cartridges or like shells
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling methods, using the reversed composite spinning molding of multi-angle conical shell, by two sections or multistage multi-angle conical shell integral forming, than traditional bulk-breaking welding, machine adds, organize and weld forming process processing efficiency and increase substantially, processing cost is greatly lowered, circularity requirement is met, and effectively improves processing efficiency；The straight flange defect formed at bulk-breaking welding forming longitudinal seam docking is eliminated, also eliminates the easy depression problem of inner mold face ring weld seam at butt girth welding seam, effectively improves overall processing precision, presentation quality and the internal soundness of multi-angle conical shell.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material mould pressing processing technique field, in particular to a kind of multi-angle conical shell spinning
Forming method.
Background technology
Bodies of charges housing is the structural member of warhead main charge, by group weldering after front frame component, covering, the processing of after-frame bulk-breaking
Into.Wherein, covering is the important parts in bodies of charges housing, is generally made of the cone cylinder of two sections or multistage different angle, i.e., polygonal
Conical shell is spent, the indexs such as dimensional accuracy, circularity directly determine the explosive payload of bodies of charges housing and warhead quality.
Traditional covering forming process is：Expected first using steel plate cutting into sector, then the weldering of boring processing longitudinal seam
Groove is connect, it is round as a ball by three beaming roller equipment scrolls, it is then right using argonaut welding into single hop conical shell after interface cleaning
Longitudinal seam carries out X-ray check, Vehicle Processing both ends interface after detection is qualified, and after chemical cleaning, group is welded into multi-angle conical shell
Varied angle covering.The forming method has the following disadvantages：
1) process is long, and efficiency is low.Processing flow is complicated, successively (contains soak cleaning by blanking, boring groove, round as a ball, cleaning
And mechanical chipping), welding, X-ray detection, Vehicle Processing forming, then girth welding and X-ray detection again.Especially cumbersome is
Aluminum alloy materials easily aoxidize, so before weldering cleaning process must also be performed, remove welding section and welding wire surface oxidation film and
The impurity such as greasy dirt.Cleaning process generally uses two methods of soak cleaning (i.e. alkali cleaning) and mechanical chipping.After soak cleaning, also
Welding section is cleared up to exposing metallic luster with stainless steel wire brush or scraper.In conclusion covering forming needs more than ten procedures,
Processing efficiency is very low.
2) weld seam is more, and circularity is poor.Single hop skin part has a longitudinal seam, the big formation straight flange of form error at docking；In addition it is single
Section skin part, which is welded into covering, a girth joint, and inner mold face weld seam is easily recessed at butt girth welding seam.Therefore, three or a plurality of weld seam
Seriously affect the form accuracies such as the whole circularity of covering.
Invention content
Present invention aim to be directed to the deficiency of traditional diamond-making technique, provide and shaped at a kind of solution longitudinal seam docking
The multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling side of the easy depression problem of inner mold face weld seam at the big formation straight flange of error, butt girth welding seam
Method.
To achieve the above object, the multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method designed by the present invention, includes the following steps：
1) aluminum alloy blank solid forging is formed into cylindrical shape crude green body material, carrying out machine adduction to cylindrical shape crude green body material moves back
Fire forms spinning blank, and the internal diameter of spinning blank is slightly larger than straight tube spinning mandrel outer diameter；Since the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium alloy exists
1.881×10-5/ DEG C~2.36 × 10-5/ DEG C between, spinning blank requires heat to 250~300 DEG C or so before spinning,
Thermal expansion amount is about 5.64 × 10-3Mm~7.08 × 10-3Between mm；
2) the reversed strength hot spinning forming straight tube blank of straight tube：A) straight tube spinning mandrel and straight tube spinning spinning roller are installed, and
By antiturning pitch by bolt be mounted on straight tube spinning mandrel end, then using two propane grilled guns to straight tube spinning mandrel,
Straight tube spinning spinning roller and antiturning pitch uniformly preheat, and preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C；B) part for spinning blank is inserted in directly
On cylinder spinning mandrel, then hot spinning blank direct rotary pressure parison swell, then revolves the spinning blank push-in straight tube after expansion
Press core model；C) it is straight to carry out reversed shear spinning multi-step forming before spinning, after being preheated using two propane grilled guns to spinning blank
Cylinder blank；Wherein：Preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C, during heating, straight tube spinning mandrel uniform rotation, and rotating speed 50rpm；And according to
The appearance and size of required forming part, to determine the rotations such as sub-quantity, draught per pass, spinning roller feed rate, the speed of mainshaft
Parameter is pressed, to prevent windrow, double rotary wheel stepped spinning can also be taken；Wherein, antiturning pitch internal diameter should be slightly bigger than straight tube rotation
Core model outer diameter is pressed, two M16 threaded holes are added on antiturning pitch wall, for being fixed on straight tube spinning mandrel；
3) straight tube spinning spinning roller is removed after completing step 2), changes lathe tool vehicle except the technique collet on straight tube blank, so
Afterwards straight tube blank surface greasy dirt is cleaned with aero-washing gasoline；Then stress is carried out after straight tube blank being removed straight tube spinning mandrel
Annealing eliminates remaining, refinement straight tube spinning blank crystal grain, further homogeneous material tissue and ingredient, reduces spinning crackle and change
Shape is inclined to；
4) reversely general rotation shapes straight tube blank big vertebra section to bipyramid：A) bipyramid spinning mandrel and bipyramid spinning spinning roller are installed, it
Small end circular runout is asked in 0.05mm, copper sheet can be used to be inserted into installation end face adjustment installation condition, and locating ring is passed through
Bolt is fixed on the large cone section end of bipyramid spinning mandrel, and then bipyramid spinning mandrel, bipyramid are revolved using two propane grilled guns
Pressure spinning roller and locating ring uniformly preheat, and preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C；B) step 3) treated straight tube blank set will be passed through
Enter on bipyramid spinning mandrel until in the end insertion locating ring of straight tube blank, fixed locating ring and straight tube blank using bolt
Connection, then heats straight tube blank tail end and expands tail end internal diameter, tail top plate is pushed into straight tube blank endoporus, tail top plate is revolved with bipyramid
The guide sleeve of pressure core model big vertebra section front end is coaxial, starts tail top hydraulic cylinder, holds out against tail top plate endoporus, with clearance gauge inspection tail top plate and directly
Interporal lacuna is not more than 0.1mm in cylinder blank；Straight tube spinning blank free end is positioned by tail top plate, prevents material during undergauge
Expect deformation instability；C) straight tube blank is preheated straight tube blank surface using two propane grilled guns, preheating temperature is after installation is complete
250~300 DEG C, during heating, bipyramid spinning mandrel drives straight tube blank uniform rotation, rotating speed：50rpm avoids local burning, in advance
The reversed general rotation multi-pass of bipyramid is carried out after heat until the spinning side receipts diameter of straight tube blank is bonded with the large cone section of bipyramid spinning mandrel
Straight tube blank large cone section is shaped, i.e. bipyramid spinning spinning roller carries out undergauge since free end to straight tube blank, according to External Shape
Size, to determine the spinning parameters such as sub-quantity, draught per pass, spinning roller feed rate, the speed of mainshaft, until large cone section is received
Diameter pastes contour forming；Wherein, locating ring plays the role of fixed blank in bipyramid reversely general rotation forming；Tail top plate connects with tail top
It connects, outer diameter is slightly less than straight tube blank internal diameter, plays a part of that part is supported to prevent tail end from deforming during bipyramid reversely general rotation；
5) shaping is carried out to straight tube blank free end tail portion after the reversed general rotation forming big vertebra section of bipyramid, makes its straight tube blank certainly
By holding tail portion concordant with the small cone section of twin shaft spinning mandrel, i.e., remove tail top plate while hot, according to forming part appearance and size, come true
The spinning parameters such as sub-quantity, draught per pass, spinning roller feed rate, the speed of mainshaft are determined, by straight tube blank free end diameter
It reduces, it is concordant with small cone section；Bolt on locating ring is unclamped, the appropriate auger section surface for heating big vertebra section spinning blank, and
Big vertebra section spinning blank is jiggled until being disassembled from bipyramid spinning mandrel, bump injury must be prevented in disassembly process, is unloaded
Stress annealing is carried out after lower bipyramid spinning mandrel and forms big vertebra section spinning blank；
6) because small cone section forming deflection is too big, axial tensile force is big, and material plasticity is poor, if using one step forming,
Easily there is axially penetrating through property crackle in piece surface, therefore small cone section is divided into the forming of two steps：
First time bipyramid is reversely general to revolve preform small cone section：A) bipyramid spinning mandrel and bipyramid spinning spinning roller are installed, it is desirable that
Small end circular runout can use copper sheet to be inserted into installation end face adjustment installation condition, and locating ring is passed through spiral shell in 0.05mm
Bolt is fixed on the end of bipyramid spinning mandrel big vertebra section, then using two propane grilled guns to bipyramid spinning mandrel, bipyramid spinning
Spinning roller and locating ring uniformly preheat, and preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C；B) big vertebra section spinning blank is inserted in bipyramid spinning mandrel
Above until the end of big vertebra section is inserted into locating ring, locating ring with big vertebra section is fixedly connected using bolt, pays attention to installation big vertebra
Large cone section position is gently tapped with hammer after section spinning blank, confirms the big vertebra section patch completely of large cone section and bipyramid spinning mandrel
It closes, ensures that big vertebra section spinning blank type face cannot misplace with bipyramid spinning mandrel type face, then rotate bipyramid spinning mandrel, monitoring
Big vertebra section spinning blank jitter values；C) finally carrying out bipyramid, reversely the general multi-pass that revolves is up to preform small cone section, according to molding zero
Part appearance and size, to determine the spinning parameters such as sub-quantity, draught per pass, spinning roller feed rate and the speed of mainshaft, bipyramid
Spinning spinning roller direction of feed is from free end to main shaft end motion；Equally, locating ring also functions in bipyramid reversely general rotation forming
The effect of fixed blank；
7) it removes bipyramid spinning mandrel after the reversed general rotation preform small cone section of bipyramid and carries out stress annealing；
8) second of bipyramid reversely general rotation forming small cone section is carried out after completing step 7)：A) installation bipyramid spinning mandrel and double
Coning presses spinning roller, similarly it is desired to which small end circular runout in 0.05mm, can use copper sheet to be inserted into installation end face adjustment installation shape
State, and locating ring is bolted on to the end of bipyramid spinning mandrel, then using two propane grilled guns to bipyramid spinning
Core model, bipyramid spinning spinning roller and locating ring uniformly preheat, and preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C；B) by the big vertebra of preform small cone section
Section spinning blank is inserted on bipyramid spinning mandrel until the end of big vertebra section is inserted into locating ring, using bolt by locating ring with it is big
Vertebra section is fixedly connected, and equally, is paid attention to gently tapping large cone section position with hammer after installing big vertebra section spinning blank, is confirmed large cone section
It is bonded completely with bipyramid spinning mandrel, big vertebra section spinning blank type face cannot misplace with bipyramid spinning mandrel type face, then rotate
Bipyramid spinning mandrel, monitoring big vertebra section spinning blank jitter values；The reversed general rotation multi-pass of bipyramid is finally carried out until forming conelet
Section, according to forming part appearance and size, to determine sub-quantity, draught per pass, spinning roller feed rate and speed of mainshaft etc.
Spinning parameter, bipyramid spinning spinning roller direction of feed are from free end to main shaft end motion；Equally, locating ring is in bipyramid reversely general rotation
The effect of fixed blank is also functioned in forming；
9) complete step 8) after unload bipyramid spinning mandrel after carry out stress relief annealing, then polish, detect obtain needed for
Multi-angle conical shell.
Further, the straight tube spinning mandrel and bipyramid spinning mandrel quenching rear surface hardness are not less than
50HRC；The straight tube spinning spinning roller and bipyramid spinning spinning roller quenching rear surface hardness are not less than 55HRC, and described straight
The operating angle of cylinder spinning spinning roller and the bipyramid spinning spinning roller is circular arc, increases the contact area of material and spinning roller, is conducive to
Material stabilization.
Further, in the step 1), when cylindrical shape crude green body material progress machine adds internal-and external diameter, 8~12 are used in end face
A screw is fastened in fixed plate, and in order to avoid cut-out causes product oval, after internal-and external diameter is processed, vehicle breaking process does not press from both sides
Head.
Further, in the step 2), step 4), step 6) and step 8)：One propane grilled gun is done along blank busbar
It moves back and forth, is evenly heated；Other one is fixed on propane grilled gun before spinning roller to do at 18~22mm positions and determines rifle heating；Spinning mistake
Preform surface temperature is monitored using infrared thermometer, it is ensured that temperature is between 250~300 DEG C in journey.
Further, in the step 2), step 4), step 6) and step 8)：In spinning process, for reduce spinning roller with
The friction of blank improves surface quality of workpieces, and at regular intervals toward lubricant is smeared between blank and spinning roller, lubricant is by machine
Oil, water, graphite, molybdenum disulfide reconcile, and wherein the weight ratio of graphite and water is 5:93~96.
Further, in the step 2), step 4), step 6) and step 8)：It is split if there is blank surface in spinning process
Line then stops spinning.
Further, in the step 3)：Stress-relieving Annealing Temperature is 310 ± 10 DEG C, and soaking time is 40 ± 2min, is heated up
Rate is 1~2 DEG C/min, then air-cooled.
Further, in the step 5), step 7) and step 9)：Stress-relieving Annealing Temperature is 330 ± 5 DEG C, soaking time
For 60 ± 2min, heating rate is no more than 4~5 DEG C/min, then air-cooled.
The present invention meets circularity requirement, and effectively improve and add using the reversed composite spinning molding of multi-angle conical shell
Work efficiency rate, solves that form error at longitudinal seam docking is big to form straight flange, weld seam easy recess etc. in inner mold face at butt girth welding seam
Problem.And it has the following advantages：
First, by two sections or multistage multi-angle conical shell integral forming, than traditional bulk-breaking welding, machine adds, group is welded
Forming process processing efficiency increases substantially, and processing cost is greatly lowered；
Second, eliminating the straight flange defect formed at bulk-breaking welding forming longitudinal seam docking, butt girth welding seam is also eliminated
Locate the easy depression problem of inner mold face ring weld seam, effectively improve the overall processing precision of multi-angle conical shell, presentation quality and interior
Portion's quality.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is multi-angle conical shell structure diagram in the present embodiment；
Fig. 2 is straight tube spinning mandrel structure diagram in the present embodiment；
Fig. 3 is bipyramid spinning mandrel structure diagram in the present embodiment；
Fig. 4 is straight tube spinning spinning roller structure diagram in the present embodiment；
Fig. 5 is bipyramid spinning spinning roller structure diagram in the present embodiment；
Fig. 6 is antiturning pitch structure diagram in the present embodiment；
Fig. 7 is locating ring structure schematic diagram in the present embodiment；
Fig. 8 is the reversed strength hot spinning schematic diagram of straight tube in the present embodiment；
Fig. 9 is that reversely general rotation shapes big vertebra section scheme of installation to bipyramid in the present embodiment；
Figure 10 is that reversely general rotation shapes big vertebra section schematic diagram to bipyramid in the present embodiment；
Figure 11 is tail portion spinning shaping schematic diagram in the present embodiment；
Figure 12 is small cone section undergauge schematic diagram in the present embodiment；
Figure 13, which is that bipyramid is reversely general in the present embodiment, revolves preform small cone section schematic diagram；
Figure 14 is that reversely general rotation shapes small cone section schematic diagram to bipyramid in the present embodiment.
Wherein：Multi-angle conical shell 1, straight tube spinning mandrel 2, bipyramid spinning mandrel 3, straight tube spinning spinning roller 4, bipyramid rotation
Press spinning roller 5, antiturning pitch 6, tail top plate 7, locating ring 8, straight tube blank 9.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail for 1~Figure 14 and specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, convenient for becoming apparent from
Ground understands the present invention, but they do not form the present invention and limit.
It is 5A06-O, 1355 ± 1mm of overall length, stub end opening diameter φ for certain warhead charge body shell body raw material
580 ± 0.3mm, 250 ± 0.2mm of small head end diameter phi.Wherein multi-angle conical shell 1 is that covering (see Fig. 1) small end inner diameter isBig end internal diameter isEntire length is 1939mm (add comprising machine, weld surplus).Cone angle
It is 413.62mm for 14 ° of cylinder section axial lengths, two cone angle transition position internal diameters areCone angle is 4 ° of 10 ' cylinder section axis
It is 525.38mm to length, wall thickness is that the forming process of 4.0 ± 0.2mm is as follows：
1) tooling prepares：A) double rotary wheel spinning machine 2F-800CNC (tactical diameter of part can be processed as 800mm) is used,
The radial spinning power of spinning roller is 150KN, and axial spinning force is 200KN, and the axial stroke of planker is 2500mm；
B) (see Fig. 2) live part of straight tube spinning mandrel 2 length be 1200mm, outer diameter be 484.5 ± 0.02mm of φ, material
For H13 steel, belong to hot die steel, mandrel surface hardness >=50HRC after quenching；
C) bipyramid spinning mandrel 3 is essence rotation forming core model (see Fig. 3), and big end straight tube end outer diameter is 484.6 ± 0.02mm of φ,
Length is 145.48mm, and cone angle is that 4 ° of 10 ' core model segment length is 525.42mm, and the cone cylinder segment length that cone angle is 14 ° is
434.10mm.Material is H13 steel, after integral quenching, mandrel surface hardness >=50HRC；
D) straight tube spinning spinning roller 4 (see Fig. 4) outer diameter is φ 300mm, and work radius of corner is 10mm, and material GCr15 quenches
Fiery rear surface hardness >=55HRC.There are two operating angles for rotary wheel working angle, and respectively 22 ° and 5 °, 5 ° of operating angle plays binder
With the effect for preventing flange；
E) bipyramid spinning spinning roller 5 (see Fig. 5) external profile diameter is φ 400mm, and work radius of corner is 19mm.Material is
GCr15, material quenching rear surface hardness >=55HRC.Rotary wheel working angle is designed to that circular arc can increase contact of the material with spinning roller
Area is conducive to material stabilization；
F) antiturning pitch 6 (see Fig. 6) internal diameter is φ 486mm, slightly larger than straight tube spinning mandrel outer diameter.Add two on antiturning pitch wall
It is aThreaded hole, for being fixed on straight tube spinning mandrel；
G) locating ring 8 (see Fig. 7) plays the role of fixed blank in bipyramid reversely general rotation forming；
H) tail top plate is connect with tail top, and outer diameter is slightly less than part internal diameter, and support part is played during bipyramid reversely general rotation
The effect for preventing tail end from deforming.
2) aluminum alloy blank solid forging is formed into cylindrical shape crude green body material, the machine that carried out to cylindrical shape crude green body material adds inside and outside
During diameter, it is fastened in fixed plate using the screw of 8~12 appropriate specifications in end face, in order to avoid cut-out causes product oval,
After internal-and external diameter is processed, not vehicle breaking process collet, and anneal and form spinning blank, the internal diameter of spinning blank is revolved slightly larger than straight tube
Core model 484.5 ± 0.02mm of outer diameter is pressed, so by spinning blank Vehicle Processing to internal diameterHighly
440mm, wall thickness 12mm；Since the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium alloy is 1.881 × 10-5/ DEG C~2.36 × 10-5/ DEG C between,
Spinning blank needs to be heated to 250~300 DEG C before spinning, and thermal expansion amount is about 5.64 × 10-3Mm~7.08 × 10-3mm
Between.
3) the reversed strength hot spinning forming straight tube blank 9 of straight tube (see Fig. 8)：A) installation straight tube spinning mandrel 2 and straight tube rotation
Spinning roller 4 is pressed, and antiturning pitch 6 is mounted on to the end of straight tube spinning mandrel 2 by bolt, then using two propane grilled guns to straight
Cylinder spinning mandrel 2, straight tube spinning spinning roller 4 and antiturning pitch 6 uniformly preheat, and preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C；B) by spinning blank
A part be inserted on straight tube spinning mandrel, then utilize propane grilled gun hot spinning blank direct rotary pressure parison swell, recycle
Spinning blank after expansion is pushed into straight tube spinning mandrel by the strength that copper rod taps；C) before spinning, two propane grilled guns pair are used
Spinning blank preheats, and preheating temperature is 250 DEG C~300 DEG C, when paying attention to heating, straight tube spinning mandrel uniform rotation, and rotating speed
50rpm carries out reversed shear spinning multi-step forming straight tube blank afterwards, is divided into 4 passages, draught per pass in 2mm or so,
Spinning roller feed rate 40mm/min, speed of mainshaft 50r/min.First passage charge length reaches 516mm, and wall thickness reaches 10mm；
Second passage charge length reaches 638mm, and wall thickness reaches 8mm；Third passage charge length reaches 844mm, and wall thickness reaches 6mm；
Four-pass charge length reaches 1258mm, and between wall thickness reaches 3.95~4.07mm, internal diameter is
4) straight tube spinning spinning roller is removed after completing step 3), after changing lathe tool vehicle except the technique collet on straight tube blank 9
Length is 1200mm, and piece surface greasy dirt is cleaned with aero-washing gasoline；Then after straight tube blank being removed straight tube spinning mandrel
Stress annealing is carried out in 8h, remaining, refinement straight tube spinning blank crystal grain, further homogeneous material tissue and ingredient is eliminated, reduces
Spinning crackle and deformation are inclined to；Wherein, Stress-relieving Annealing Temperature is 310 ± 10 DEG C, and soaking time is 40 ± 2min, and heating rate is
It is 2 DEG C/min, then air-cooled.
5) reversely (Fig. 9, general rotation forming large cone section process are shown in the installation of straight tube blank to general rotation forming straight tube blank big vertebra section to bipyramid
See Figure 10)：A) installation bipyramid spinning mandrel 3 and bipyramid spinning spinning roller 5, it is desirable that small end circular runout can make in 0.05mm
Installation end face adjustment installation condition is inserted into copper sheet, and locating ring 8 is bolted on to the large cone section of bipyramid spinning mandrel 3
Then end uniformly preheats bipyramid spinning mandrel, bipyramid spinning spinning roller and locating ring using two propane grilled guns, preheating temperature
It is 250~300 DEG C；B) step 3) will be passed through treated that straight tube blank is inserted on bipyramid spinning mandrel until the end of straight tube blank
Portion is inserted into locating ring, is fixedly connected with locating ring with straight tube blank using bolt, is then heated straight tube blank tail end and is expanded tail
Internal diameter is held, tail top plate 7 is pushed into 9 endoporus of straight tube blank, notices that tail top plate and the guide sleeve of bipyramid spinning mandrel front end are coaxial, is started
Tail top hydraulic cylinder holds out against tail top plate endoporus, checks that tail top plate is not more than 0.1mm with interporal lacuna in straight tube spinning blank with clearance gauge；
Straight tube spinning blank free end is positioned by tail top plate, prevents undergauge process in which materials deformation instability；C) straight tube blank is installed
After in place, straight tube blank surface is preheated using two propane grilled guns, preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C, during heating, core model band
Dynamic blank uniform rotation, rotating speed：50rpm avoids local burning, then carries out the reversed general rotation multi-pass of bipyramid until straight tube blank
Spinning side receive diameter and be bonded with the large cone section of bipyramid spinning mandrel and shape straight tube blank large cone section, i.e. bipyramid spinning spinning roller from freedom
End starts to carry out undergauge to straight tube blank, is divided into 7 passages, and draught per pass is 3mm or so, and spinning roller feed rate 80~
90mm/min, speed of mainshaft 80r/min, until large cone section receives diameter and part cone angle is made to paste contour forming for 4 ° of 10 ' part；
6) bipyramid reversely carries out shaping (see Figure 11) after general rotation shapes big vertebra section to straight tube blank free end tail portion, makes it straight
Cylinder blank free end tail portion is concordant with the small cone section of twin shaft spinning mandrel, i.e., removes tail top plate while hot, point 6 passage spinning, per pass
Secondary drafts is 3mm, spinning roller 80~90mm/min of feed rate, speed of mainshaft 80r/min, and blank free end diameter is reduced,
(see Figure 12) concordant with small cone section；Then the bolt on locating ring is unclamped, the appropriate large cone section for heating big vertebra section spinning blank
Surface, and big vertebra section spinning blank is jiggled until being disassembled from bipyramid spinning mandrel, it must prevent from knocking in disassembly process
Damage, unload and carry out stress annealing after bipyramid spinning mandrel in 8h and form big vertebra section spinning blank, Stress-relieving Annealing Temperature for 330 ±
5 DEG C, soaking time is 60 ± 2min, and heating rate is no more than 5 DEG C/min, then air-cooled.
7) because small cone section forming deflection is too big, axial tensile force is big, and material plasticity is poor, if using one step forming,
Easily there is axially penetrating through property crackle in piece surface, therefore small cone section is divided into the forming of two steps：
First time bipyramid is reversely general to revolve preform small cone section (see Figure 13)：A) bipyramid spinning mandrel and the rotation of bipyramid spinning are installed
Wheel, it is desirable that small end circular runout can use copper sheet to be inserted into installation end face adjustment installation condition, and by locating ring in 0.05mm
The end of bipyramid spinning mandrel big vertebra section is bolted on, then using two propane grilled guns to bipyramid spinning mandrel, double
Coning presses spinning roller and locating ring uniformly to preheat, and preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C；B) big vertebra section spinning blank is inserted in bipyramid rotation
It presses on core model until in the end insertion locating ring of big vertebra section, locating ring with big vertebra section is fixedly connected using bolt, pays attention to peace
Large cone section position is gently tapped with hammer after dress big vertebra section spinning blank, confirms that the big vertebra section of large cone section and bipyramid spinning mandrel is complete
Full fitting, big vertebra section spinning blank type face cannot misplace with bipyramid spinning mandrel type face, then rotate bipyramid spinning mandrel, monitoring
Big vertebra section spinning blank jitter values；C) finally carrying out bipyramid, reversely for the general multi-pass that revolves up to preform small cone section, bipyramid is reversely general
Revolve the preform small cone section first step totally 6 passage, draught per pass is 3mm or so, feed rate 80mm/min, and the speed of mainshaft is
60rpm, spinning roller direction of feed are from free end to main shaft end motion；
8) it is removed after the reversed general rotation preform small cone section of bipyramid and stress annealing, stress annealing is carried out in bipyramid spinning mandrel 8h
Temperature is 330 ± 5 DEG C, and soaking time is 60 ± 2min, and heating rate is no more than 5 DEG C/min, then air-cooled；
9) carry out second of bipyramid reversely general rotation forming small cone section after completing step 8) (see Figure 14)：A) bipyramid spinning is installed
Core model and bipyramid spinning spinning roller, it is desirable that small end circular runout can use copper sheet to be inserted into installation end face adjustment peace in 0.05mm
Dress state, and locating ring is bolted on to the end of bipyramid spinning mandrel, then using two propane grilled guns to bipyramid
Spinning mandrel, bipyramid spinning spinning roller and locating ring uniformly preheat, and preheating temperature is 250~300 DEG C；B) by preform small cone section
Big vertebra section spinning blank is inserted on bipyramid spinning mandrel until the end of big vertebra section is inserted into locating ring, using bolt by locating ring
It is fixedly connected with big vertebra section, pays attention to gently tapping large cone section position with hammer after big vertebra section spinning blank is installed, confirm large cone section
It is bonded completely with bipyramid spinning mandrel, big vertebra section spinning blank type face cannot misplace with bipyramid spinning mandrel type face, then rotate
Bipyramid spinning mandrel, monitoring big vertebra section spinning blank jitter values；The reversed general rotation multi-pass of bipyramid is finally carried out until forming conelet
Section, reversely general rotation forming small cone section second step shares 5 passages to bipyramid, and draught per pass is 3mm or so, feed rate 80mm/
Min, speed of mainshaft 60rpm, numb line cannot occur in monitoring blank surface during spinning, retain tail portion flange always in spinning process
In the presence of, rigidity is provided, prevent tail end receive diameter deformation instability；
10) after completing step 9), blank is first heated, makes blank heat expansion, then the axial locating ring that beats makes blank disengaging double
Axis spinning mandrel unloads and carries out stress relief annealing after bipyramid spinning mandrel in 8h, and Stress-relieving Annealing Temperature is 330 ± 5 DEG C, during heat preservation
Between for 60 ± 2min, heating rate is no more than 5 DEG C/min, air-cooled；Then it polishes.
11) completion step 10) detects afterwards obtains required multi-angle conical shell：A) big small cone section essence rotation forming respectively
Afterwards, check in part surfaces externally and internally effective range whether there is the defects of crackle, peeling；B) turning point of part varied angle is found,
Labeled as 0 point, length, straightness are measured to both ends on the basis of 0 point；C) wall thickness is detected using sonigauge, selectes zero
It is surveyed from the off along busbar every 100mm as detection starting point and records part wall thickness, detected altogether in the small head end end face of part
8 circumferential directions are evenly distributed with busbar, it is ensured that comprehensive spreadability of wall thickness detection；D) part outer mold surface, sample are detected using Surface inspection model
Plate is pasted with covering and clearance requirement whole process is no more than 0.5mm, and local gap is not more than 0.8mm；E) internal soundness detection is using plate
Wave and shear wave pulse reflection method require to perform according to GJB1580A.
Wherein：Above step 3), step 5), in step 7) and step 9)：One propane grilled gun is done back and forth along blank busbar
Movement, is evenly heated；Other one is fixed on propane grilled gun before spinning roller to do at 18~22mm positions and determines rifle heating；In spinning process
Use infrared thermometer monitoring Preform surface temperature, it is ensured that temperature is and appropriate according to temperature conditions between 250~300 DEG C
Adjust propane-oxygen proportion；In addition, in spinning process, to reduce the friction of spinning roller and spinning blank, piece surface matter is improved
Amount, at regular intervals toward smearing lubricant between blank and spinning roller, lubricant reconciled by machine oil, water, graphite, molybdenum disulfide and
Into wherein the weight ratio of graphite and water is 5:93~96；If blank surface has crackle in spinning process, stop rotation immediately
Pressure.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method, it is characterised in that：The forming method includes the following steps：1) aluminum alloy blank solid forging is formed into cylindrical shape crude green body material, machine adduction annealing shape is carried out to cylindrical shape crude green body material Into spinning blank, the internal diameter of spinning blank is slightly larger than straight tube spinning mandrel outer diameter；2) the reversed strength hot spinning forming straight tube blank of straight tube：A) straight tube spinning mandrel and straight tube spinning spinning roller are installed, and will be anti- Turn the end that tooth is mounted on straight tube spinning mandrel by bolt, then using two propane grilled guns to straight tube spinning mandrel, straight tube Spinning spinning roller and antiturning pitch uniformly preheat；B) part for spinning blank is inserted on straight tube spinning mandrel, then hot spinning Then spinning blank after expansion is pushed into straight tube spinning mandrel by blank until spinning parison swell；C) before spinning, two are used Propane grilled gun carries out reversed shear spinning multi-step forming straight tube blank after being preheated to spinning blank；3) straight tube spinning spinning roller is removed after completing step 2), changes lathe tool vehicle except the technique collet on straight tube blank；Then will Straight tube blank carries out stress annealing after removing straight tube spinning mandrel；4) reversely general rotation shapes straight tube blank big vertebra section to bipyramid：A) bipyramid spinning mandrel and bipyramid spinning spinning roller are installed, and will be fixed Position ring is bolted on the large cone section end of bipyramid spinning mandrel, then using two propane grilled guns to bipyramid spinning core Mould, bipyramid spinning spinning roller and locating ring uniformly preheat；B) step 3) will be passed through treated that straight tube blank is inserted in bipyramid spinning core Until the end of straight tube blank is inserted into locating ring on mould, locating ring is fixedly connected with straight tube blank using bolt, Ran Houjia Hot straight tube blank tail end expands tail end internal diameter, and tail top plate is pushed into straight tube blank endoporus；C) straight tube blank is used after installation is complete Two propane grilled guns carry out the reversed general rotation multi-pass of bipyramid until the spinning side of straight tube blank is received after being preheated to straight tube blank surface Diameter is bonded forming straight tube blank large cone section with the large cone section of bipyramid spinning mandrel；5) bipyramid reversely carries out shaping after general rotation shapes big vertebra section to straight tube blank free end tail portion, makes its straight tube blank free end Tail portion is concordant with the small cone section of twin shaft spinning mandrel, then carries out stress annealing and forms big vertebra section spinning blank；6) first time bipyramid is reversely general revolves preform small cone section：A) bipyramid spinning mandrel and bipyramid spinning spinning roller are installed, and will be fixed Position ring is bolted on the end of bipyramid spinning mandrel big vertebra section, then using two propane grilled guns to bipyramid spinning core Mould, bipyramid spinning spinning roller and locating ring uniformly preheat；B) big vertebra section spinning blank is inserted on bipyramid spinning mandrel until big vertebra The end of section is inserted into locating ring, and locating ring is fixedly connected with big vertebra section using bolt, then rotates bipyramid spinning mandrel, prison Control big vertebra section spinning blank jitter values；C) the reversed general rotation multi-pass of bipyramid is finally carried out until preform small cone section；7) it removes bipyramid spinning mandrel after the reversed general rotation preform small cone section of bipyramid and carries out stress annealing；8) second of bipyramid reversely general rotation forming small cone section is carried out after completing step 7)：A) bipyramid spinning mandrel and bipyramid rotation are installed Spinning roller is pressed, and locating ring is bolted on to the end of bipyramid spinning mandrel, then using two propane grilled guns to bipyramid Spinning mandrel, bipyramid spinning spinning roller and locating ring uniformly preheat；B) big vertebra of preform small cone section section spinning blank is inserted in double It bores on spinning mandrel until in the end insertion locating ring of big vertebra section, is fixedly connected with locating ring with big vertebra section using bolt, so Bipyramid spinning mandrel, monitoring big vertebra section spinning blank jitter values are rotated afterwards；Finally carry out bipyramid reversely it is general rotation multi-pass until into Shape small cone section；9) complete to carry out stress relief annealing after unloading bipyramid spinning mandrel after step 8), then polish, detect obtain it is required more Angle conical cylinder.
- 2. multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The straight tube spinning mandrel It is not less than 50HRC with bipyramid spinning mandrel quenching rear surface hardness；The straight tube spinning spinning roller and the bipyramid spinning Spinning roller quenching rear surface hardness is not less than 55HRC, and the operating angle of the straight tube spinning spinning roller and the bipyramid spinning spinning roller It is circular arc.
- 3. multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：In the step 1), When cylindrical shape crude green body material progress machine adds internal-and external diameter, it is fastened in fixed plate using 8~12 screws in end face, in processing After outer diameter, not vehicle breaking process collet.
- 4. multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2), step It is rapid 4), in step 6) and step 8)：One propane grilled gun moves reciprocatingly along blank busbar, is evenly heated；Other one propane Grilled gun, which is fixed on before spinning roller to do at 18~22mm positions, determines rifle heating；In spinning process blank table is monitored using infrared thermometer Face temperature, it is ensured that temperature is between 250~300 DEG C.
- 5. multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2), step It is rapid 4), in step 6) and step 8)：In spinning process, at regular intervals toward lubricant is smeared between blank and spinning roller, moisten Lubrication prescription is reconciled by machine oil, water, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and wherein the weight ratio of graphite and water is 5:93~96.
- 6. multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2), step It is rapid 4), in step 6) and step 8)：If blank surface has crackle in spinning process, stop spinning.
- 7. multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：In the step 3)： Stress-relieving Annealing Temperature is 310 ± 10 DEG C, and soaking time is 40 ± 2min, and heating rate is 1~2 DEG C/min, then air-cooled.
- 8. multi-angle conical shell rotary press modelling method according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 5), step It is rapid 7) and in step 9)：Stress-relieving Annealing Temperature is 330 ± 5 DEG C, and soaking time is 60 ± 2min, and heating rate is no more than 4~5 DEG C/min, it is then air-cooled.
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| CN107552629B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-17 | 四川航天中天动力装备有限责任公司 | A kind of multistage depth cylinder depth circular cone combinatorial surface housing part spin forming method |
| CN108213143B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-04-09 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of design method of the progressive flanging forming tool heads of cylinder |
| CN109201984B (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-12-10 | 东南大学 | Forging method of conical cylinder |
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| CN114160652B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-10-04 | 西安泰金工业电化学技术有限公司 | Hot spinning forming method for large-diameter titanium alloy cylindrical part |
| CN114589467B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-04-28 | 成都光明派特贵金属有限公司 | Noble metal multi-stage reducing channel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115740964B (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2023-09-15 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Manufacturing method of large-size thin-wall curved bus 5A06 aluminum alloy shell |
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