CN106901821A - A kind of patellar fracture internal fixation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an internal fixator for patella fracture. The fixer includes an upper fixing device, a lower fixing device, and a pressurizing device; the upper fixing device includes an upper fixing plate, an upper fixing claw, and an upper raised plate; The upper fixing claw is connected to one side of the upper fixing plate; the outer surface of the upper fixing plate is provided with an upper raised plate; the lower fixing device includes a lower fixing plate, a lower fixing claw, and a lower raised plate; The outer surface of the lower fixing plate is provided with a lower raised plate. Its advantages are as follows: after the internal fixation device for patella fracture fixes the fracture fragments through the upper and lower fixing claws, the fracture fragments can be pressurized and gathered by tightening the pressure screw in the middle, and the fixation device is also distributed with multiple locking nail holes. , According to the fracture site and needs, screws can be used to fix the bone fragments, so as to achieve a good fracture fixation effect. It can allow patients to carry out functional training early, so that the joint function can be recovered well.

Description

Internal fixator for patella fracture

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an internal fixer for patella fractures.

Background technique

Patella fracture is one of the common fractures of the knee. With the aging of the social population and the development of transportation, the incidence of patella fractures has increased significantly. According to the shape of the fracture line, it can be divided into transverse fractures, upper pole or lower pole fractures , comminuted fracture, longitudinal split fracture and osteochondral fracture, the patella is an important part of the knee extensor device, and its fracture means that the knee extensor device has suffered serious damage. Therefore, most comminuted patellar fractures require surgical treatment. The goals of treatment are to restore the continuity of the extensor mechanism, restore the flatness of the articular surface of the patella, and achieve a firm fixation that allows early mobilization.

During the operative treatment of patella fractures, high-tension internal fixation needs to be tolerated. In the prior art, multipurpose locking plates (X-shaped plates), patellar claws, and Kirschner wire tension bands are usually used for internal fixation. However, there are following deficiencies and defects in actual use.

The multi-purpose locking plate (X-shaped plate) has only four screw holes, which can only be used for transverse fractures of the patella body, and cannot be used for comminuted fractures and fractures of the upper and lower poles of the patella;

The patella claw is an integral structure with a fixed size. Although there are multiple models, it is often difficult to choose a suitable model due to individual differences. Because the patella claw is an integral structure, it is difficult to adjust the size, and the claw and body are often contracted at the same time. There is a hollow phenomenon, and even a declaw phenomenon, so it is difficult to fix the fracture block during the operation, and there is no pressurization effect, and the fixation effect on comminuted fractures is not strong. When using the patellar claw, the medical staff needs to fix it by hand. However, due to the small force and the inability to gradually pressurize the patellar claw and the patella by hand, the patellar claw and the patella cannot be tightly combined, resulting in fractures. The phenomenon of large gaps leads to a long time for fracture healing, which brings a lot of inconvenience to patients' activities and lives.

The Kirschner wire tension band is the most traditional method, but it is easy for the steel wire to slip off, and the steel wire is difficult to tighten, resulting in slipping out of the Kirschner wire, skin irritation and pain, and poor fixation effect on the lower pole of the patella and comminuted fractures. Affect patients to carry out knee joint functional training early. According to reports, when the Kirschner wire tension band is used to treat patella fractures, various complications will occur in up to 47% of the cases, such as the skin and subcutaneous tissue are irritated by the fixture, and the Kirschner wire loosens, breaks, shifts, and even passes out of the skin.

Chinese patent document CN201020502998.2, application date 2010.08.25, patent name: an embracing fixator for treating patella fractures, discloses a embracing fixator for treating patella fractures, belongs to the technical field of orthopedic medical devices, and is used to avoid multiple The occurrence of such complications makes the fracture fixation and reduction accurate and firm. Its technical scheme is: it consists of an encircling piece and a side fork. The surrounding piece is a long thin piece, and its axial direction has a radian that matches the upper or lower periphery of the patella. , there are multiple side forks on both sides of the embracing piece, the direction of the side forks is along the upper and lower surfaces of the patella, and there are multiple screw holes on the plate surface of the embracing piece. The advantage of this embracing fixation guide is that the fixer can be used to temporarily fix the reduced patella fracture during the operation. If the reduction is not satisfactory by X-ray fluoroscopy, it can be further adjusted until the anatomical reduction; the screw hole is convenient for accurate placement of the guide pin and the final fixation of the screw Fixed; minimally invasive surgery can be used, which has little damage to soft tissue, is conducive to protecting the blood supply of the patella, and is conducive to fracture healing. But there is no corresponding disclosure about a kind of internal fixator for patellar fracture that can be adjusted in size, closely fits with the patella, gathers the fracture pieces by progressive pressurization, and can fix the broken bone pieces.

In summary, there is an urgent need for a patellar fracture internal fixer that can adjust the size, fit closely with the patella, gather the fracture fragments by progressive pressure, and fix the fragments of the patella fracture. None reported.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a patella fracture internal fixer that can adjust the size, fit closely with the patella, gather the fracture fragments by progressive pressure, and fix the fragments of the patella.

For realizing above-mentioned object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

An internal fixator for patella fractures, the fixer includes an upper fixation device, a lower fixation device, and a pressurization device; the upper fixation device is connected to the lower fixation device through the pressurization device; the upper fixation device includes an upper fixation device plate, upper fixed claw, and upper raised plate; the upper fixed claw is connected to one side of the upper fixed plate, and there is at least one upper fixed claw; the outer surface of the upper fixed plate is provided with an upper raised plate; The lower fixing device includes a lower fixing plate, a lower fixing claw, and a lower raised plate; the lower fixing claw is connected to one side of the lower fixing plate, and there is at least one lower fixing claw; the outer surface of the lower fixing plate A lower raised plate is provided; the pressurizing device is composed of a pressurized screw and a slide rod, or the pressurized device is composed of two pressurized screws; the upper raised plate and the lower raised plate are passed through the pressurized screw and The sliding bar is connected, or the upper raised plate and the lower raised plate are connected through two pressure screw rods; the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are provided with locking nail holes, and locking screws are assembled in the locking nail holes.

As a preferred technical solution, the number of the upper fixing claws is three.

As a preferred technical solution, the upper fixing claw and the upper fixing plate are integrally formed.

As a preferred technical solution, the number of the lower fixing claws is two.

As a preferred technical solution, the lower fixing claw and the lower fixing plate are integrally formed.

As a preferred technical solution, the upper fixing device, the lower fixing device, and the pressurizing device are made of medical titanium or titanium alloy and other materials.

As a preferred technical solution, four locking nail holes are set in the upper fixing plate, two locking nail holes penetrate the upper raised plate and communicate with the outside world, and the other two locking nail holes are distributed on the two sides of the upper raised plate. On the side, the four locking nail holes on the upper fixing plate are distributed in a T shape.

As a preferred technical solution, there are three locking nail holes on the lower fixing plate, and the three locking nail holes are distributed in a straight line.

As a preferred technical solution, the inner surfaces of the upper and lower fixing plates are arc-shaped, and the outer surfaces of the upper and lower fixing plates are in the form of a planar structure.

As a preferred technical solution, both the upper fixing claw and the lower fixing claw are in the form of an arcuate structure.

The present invention has the advantage that:

1. An internal fixator for patella fractures of the present invention is suitable for use in various types of patella fractures, especially comminuted patella fractures. After the internal fixation device for patella fracture fixes the fracture fragments through the upper fixing claw and the lower fixing claw, the fracture fragments can be pressurized and gathered by tightening the pressure screw in the middle. The fracture site and bone fragments need to be fixed with screws, so as to achieve a good fracture fixation effect. It allows patients to perform functional training early, so that the joint function can be recovered well;

2. The upper fixation device can be adjusted through the pressurized screw, which is beneficial to the fixation of broken bone fragments of comminuted patella fractures; it has a wide range of applications and can be applied to patellas of different sizes; the upper and lower fixation claws can be adjusted as needed position, to ensure that the upper and lower fixed claws can be closely attached to the patella, and the effect on the environmental polymerization of the patella is definite;

3. The three upper fixing claws on the upper fixing plate can fix the upper pole bone fragment of the patella, and the two lower fixing claws on the lower fixing plate can fix the lower pole bone fragment of the patella to prevent the fracture from being displaced after reduction;

4. There is a pressure screw in the pressure device, and the pressure screw is a threaded structure. On the one hand, it can gradually pressurize, which is beneficial to the meshing of bone fragments, and can better promote the healing and growth of bone fragments; on the other hand, the pressure strength Good, to avoid the upper and lower fixing claws from shifting and falling off, resulting in failure of fixing;

5. It is made of medical titanium or titanium alloy and other materials, so that the upper and lower fixing claws can be bent, and the cost of using this material is low and the price is cheap;

6. The present invention is simple in structure, reasonable in design, convenient in operation, can effectively fix bone fragments, enables patients to perform effective functional exercises at an early stage, and avoids re-displacement of fractures during functional exercises. Different degrees of lower limb functional disability;

7. The pressure device adopts two pressure screws for adjustment, on the one hand, it provides reliable pressure and is fixed firmly; on the other hand, it can adjust the pressure on both sides, and it can be fine-tuned, which is more conducive to the meshing of bone fragments. Can better promote bone healing and growth

8. Patella fracture is one of the common fractures of the knee. With the aging of the social population and the development of transportation, the incidence of patella fracture has increased significantly. Hundreds of thousands of patella fracture operations are performed in my country every year, so it has a wide range of possibilities. prospects for clinical application. In addition, fracture internal fixation devices are relatively expensive and have good economic benefits.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of structure diagram of internal fixator for patella fracture of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 2 is a schematic diagram of marking structure of each part of a patella fracture internal fixator.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the structure diagram of another internal fixator for patella fracture of the present invention.

detailed description

The specific embodiments provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The reference signs and components involved in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

1. Upper fixing device 11. Upper fixing plate

12. Upper fixed claw 13. Upper raised plate

2. Lower fixing device 21. Lower fixing plate

22. Lower fixed claw 23. Lower raised plate

3. Pressure device 31. Pressure screw

32. Slide bar 4. Lock nail hole

Example 1

Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an internal fixator for patella fracture of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the labeling structure of each part of a patella fracture internal fixator, the fixer includes an upper fixation device 1, a lower fixation device 2, and a pressurizing device 3; the upper fixation device 1 passes through the pressurizing device 3 Attach lower fixture 2.

The upper end fixing device 1 includes an upper end fixing plate 11, an upper end fixing claw 12, and an upper end raised plate 13; the upper end fixing claw 12 is connected to one side of the upper end fixing plate 11, and the upper end fixing claw 12 is at least one, Preferably, the number of upper fixing claws 12 is three; the upper fixing claws 12 and the upper fixing plate 11 are integrally formed; the outer surface of the upper fixing plate 11 is provided with an upper raised plate 13 .

The lower fixing device 2 includes a lower fixing plate 21, a lower fixing claw 22, and a lower raised plate 23; the lower fixing claw 22 is connected to one side of the lower fixing plate 21, and the lower fixing claw 22 is at least one, Preferably, the number of the lower fixing claws 22 is two; the lower fixing claws 22 and the lower fixing plate 21 are integrally formed; the outer surface of the lower fixing plate 21 is provided with a lower raised plate 23 .

The pressurizing device 3 is composed of a press screw 31 and a slide bar 32; the upper raised plate 13 and the lower raised plate 23 are connected by the press screw 31 and the slide bar 32; the upper fixed plate 11 and Lower end fixing plate 21 is provided with locking nail hole 4, and locking screw is assembled in locking nail hole 4, and locking nail hole 4 is the structural form of counterbore, preferably four locking nail holes 4 are set in the upper end fixing plate 11, two locking nail holes 4. The upper raised plate 13 communicates with the outside world, and the other two locking nail holes 4 are distributed on both sides of the upper raised plate 13. The four locking nail holes 4 on the upper fixed plate 11 are distributed in a T shape; the lower fixed plate is preferred There are three locking nail holes 4 on the 21, and the three locking nail holes 4 are distributed in a straight line; the inner surfaces of the upper fixing plate 11 and the lower fixing plate 21 are arc-shaped structures, and the upper fixing plate 11 and the lower fixing plate 21 The outer surface of the planar structure; the upper end of the fixed claw 12 and the lower fixed claw 22 are arcuate structure.

It should be noted:

Described upper end fixing plate 11, upper end fixing claw 12 and upper end raised plate 13 form upper end fixing device 1, described lower end fixing plate 21, lower end fixing claw 22 and lower end raised plate 23 form lower end fixing device 2, upper end fixing The device 1 can be adjusted through the pressure screw 31, which mainly has the following effects:

1. During the operation, the doctor can adjust the relative position between the upper fixation device 1 and the lower fixation device 2 according to the actual situation of the bone fragments, which is beneficial to the fixation of the broken bone fragments in comminuted patella fractures, while the traditional fixation device is integrated The fixed structure cannot be adjusted according to the actual situation of the bone fragments, and the displacement of the bone fragments and the uneven articular surface are likely to occur. However, the fixation device of the present invention can ensure that the articular surface is smooth and the bone fragments will not shift;

2. It has a wide range of applications and can be applied to patellas of different sizes. However, the traditional fixation device has an integrated structure with fixed sizes and narrow model selection. For different sizes of patellas, it is necessary to choose an accurate and suitable size, which is very important for manufacturing. Inconvenience to business and use;

3. The effect of embracing and polymerizing the comminuted patella is good. The relative position of the upper fixing device 1 and the lower fixing device 2 can be adjusted, that is, the positions of the upper fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw 22 can be adjusted according to needs, so as to ensure that the upper fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw The lower fixing claw 22 can be closely attached to the patella, and has a definite effect on the environmental polymerization of the patella. However, the traditional fixing device is sometimes not firm and hollow, which affects the fixing effect.

The inner surface of the upper end fixing plate 11 and the lower end fixing plate 21 is an arc structure, which is designed according to the anatomical shape of the patella, which fits the outer surface of the patella; the upper end fixing plate 11 and the lower end fixing plate 21 are evenly distributed. Two locking nail holes 4 can be fixed with screws according to the fracture site and needs, which meets the needs of different fracture fixations and can also achieve a good fracture fixation effect. The locking nail holes 4 adopt the distribution form of the present embodiment (that is, the upper fixing plate Four locking nail holes 4 are set in 11, two locking nail holes 4 pass through the upper end raised plate 13 to communicate with the outside world, and the other two locking nail holes 4 are distributed on both sides of the upper end raised plate 13, the upper end fixed plate 11 The four locking nail holes 4 are distributed in a T shape; preferably there are three locking nail holes 4 on the lower fixing plate 21, and the three locking nail holes 4 are distributed in a straight line) and the fixing effect is the best.

Three upper end fixed claws 12 on the upper end fixed plate 11 can fix the upper pole bone fragment of the patella, and two lower end fixed claws 22 of the lower end fixed plate 21 can fix the lower pole bone fragment of the patella to prevent displacement after fracture reduction.

The pressurizing device 3 includes a pressurizing screw 31 and a slide bar 32. In use, after the upper fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw 22 have fixed the fracture fragments, the fracture fragments can be pressurized and gathered by tightening the pressure screw 31. , the pressurizing screw 31 is a threaded structure, on the one hand, it can gradually pressurize, which is beneficial to the engagement of broken bones, and can better promote the healing and growth of broken bones; The fixing claw 22 shifts and falls off, resulting in failure of fixing.

The upper fixing device 1, the lower fixing device 2, and the pressurizing device 3 are made of materials such as medical titanium or titanium alloy, so that the upper fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw 22 can be bent, and the cost of using this material is low and the price is low. Inexpensive, but the memory alloy used in traditional fixing devices is expensive, resulting in increased manufacturing costs and use costs.

Example 2

Please refer to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another internal fixator for patella fracture of the present invention. This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference is that there is no slide bar 32 in the pressurizing device 3 in this embodiment, and the slide bar 32 is replaced by a pressurizing screw 31, that is, the pressurizing device in this embodiment 3 is composed of two pressurizing screw rods 31, and two pressurizing screw rods 31 are used for adjustment in the pressurizing device 3. On the one hand, a reliable pressurizing force is provided and the fixing is firm; on the other hand, both sides can be pressurized and adjusted, and can Fine-tuning is more conducive to the engagement of broken bones and can better promote the healing and growth of broken bones.

A kind of patella fracture internal fixator of the present invention has following technical effect:

The internal fixer for patella fractures of the present invention is suitable for use in internal fixation operations for various patella fractures, especially comminuted patella fractures. After the internal fixation device for patella fracture fixes the fracture fragments through the upper fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw 22, the fracture fragments can be pressurized and gathered by tightening the pressure screw 31 in the middle, and a plurality of locking nail holes are distributed in the middle of the fixing device. 4. Screws can be used to fix the bone fragments according to the fracture site and needs, so as to achieve a good fracture fixation effect. It can allow patients to perform functional training at an early stage, so that the joint function can be well restored; the upper fixation device 1 can be adjusted through the pressurized screw 31, which is beneficial to the fixation of broken bone fragments in comminuted patella fractures; it has a wide range of applications and can be used in different sizes on the patella; the position of the upper fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw 22 can be adjusted as required to ensure that the upper fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw 22 can be closely attached to the patella, and the effect on the environmental polymerization of the patella is exact; the upper fixing plate 11 The three upper end fixing claws 12 of the three upper end fixed claws 12 can fix the upper pole bone block of the patella, and the two lower end fixed claws 22 of the lower end fixing plate 21 can fix the lower pole bone block of the patella, preventing the fracture from being displaced after reset; There is a pressurizing screw 31, which is a threaded structure. On the one hand, it can gradually pressurize, which is beneficial to the meshing of broken bones and can better promote the healing and growth of broken bones; The fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw 22 shift and fall off, resulting in a failure of fixing; they are made of materials such as medical titanium or titanium alloy, so that the upper fixing claw 12 and the lower fixing claw 22 can be bent, and the cost of using this material is low and the price Inexpensive; the present invention is simple in structure, reasonable in design, convenient in operation, can effectively fix bone fragments, enables patients to perform effective functional exercises at an early stage, and avoids re-displacement of fractures during functional exercises. There are different degrees of lower limb functional disabilities; the pressurization device 3 uses two pressurization screws 31 to adjust, on the one hand, it provides a reliable pressurization force and is firmly fixed; on the other hand, it can pressurize and adjust both sides, and can be fine-tuned , which is more conducive to the meshing of broken bones, and can better promote the healing and growth of broken bones; patellar fracture is one of the common fractures of the knee, with the aging of the social population and the development of transportation, the incidence of patellar fractures has increased significantly In China, hundreds of thousands of patella fracture operations are performed every year, so it has broad clinical application prospects. In addition, fracture internal fixation devices are relatively expensive and have good economic benefits.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the method of the present invention, some improvements and supplements can also be made, and these improvements and supplements should also be considered Be the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of patellar fracture internal fixation device, it is characterised in that described fixator includes that upper end fixing device, lower end fix dress Put, pressue device；Described upper end fixing device connects fixing lower by pressue device；Described upper end fixing device Including upper end fixed plate, upper end fixed claw, upper end raised plate；Described upper end fixed claw is connected to the side of upper end fixed plate, Upper end fixed claw is at least one；The outer surface of the upper end fixed plate is provided with upper end raised plate；Dress is fixed in described lower end Put including lower end fixed plate, lower end fixed claw, lower end raised plate；Described lower end fixed claw is connected to the one of lower end fixed plate Side, lower end fixed claw is at least one；The outer surface of the lower end fixed plate is provided with lower end raised plate；The pressue device by Pressurization screw rod and slide bar are constituted, or pressue device is made up of two pressurization screw rods；Described upper end raised plate is raised with lower end Plate is connected with lower end raised plate by screw rod and the slide bar connection of pressurizeing, or upper end raised plate by two pressurization screw rods；Institute The upper end fixed plate and lower end fixed plate stated are provided with locking nail, and lock screw is assembled in locking nail.

2. patellar fracture internal fixation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quantity of described upper end fixed claw is Three.

3. patellar fracture internal fixation device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the upper end fixed claw is fixed with upper end Plate is integrally formed.

4. patellar fracture internal fixation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quantity of described lower end fixed claw is Two.

5. patellar fracture internal fixation device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described lower end fixed claw is consolidated with lower end Fixed board is integrally formed.

6. according to any described patellar fracture internal fixation devices of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that dress is fixed in described upper end Put, fixing lower, pressue device are made of medical titanium or titanium alloy etc materials.

7. patellar fracture internal fixation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that set four in described upper end fixed plate Individual locking nail, two locking nail are communicated through upper end raised plate with the external world, and the pore size distribution of another two locking nail is raised in upper end The both sides of plate, four locking T-shaped distributions of nail in the fixed plate of upper end.

8. patellar fracture internal fixation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the locking in described lower end fixed plate Nail is three, and three locking nail are linearly distributed.

9. patellar fracture internal fixation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described upper end fixed plate and lower end are solid The inner surface of fixed board is the outer surface plane structure type of arcuate structure, upper end fixed plate and lower end fixed plate.

10. patellar fracture internal fixation device according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that described upper end fixed claw and Lower end fixed claw is bow-shaped structural form.