CN106887559A - lithium battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
lithium battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106887559A CN106887559A CN201710190520.7A CN201710190520A CN106887559A CN 106887559 A CN106887559 A CN 106887559A CN 201710190520 A CN201710190520 A CN 201710190520A CN 106887559 A CN106887559 A CN 106887559A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of lithium battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof, wherein lithium battery diaphragm includes basement membrane, ceramic coating and hot-melt polymer coating, the ceramic coating, hot-melt polymer coating are located at the homonymy of basement membrane, and the ceramic coating includes ceramic particle material, the first binding agent；The hot-melt polymer coating includes hot-melt polymer material granule, the second binding agent.Solve the problems, such as that the heat of barrier film is closed and thermal contraction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of battery production, more particularly to a kind of good heat close performance and high-temperature-reslithium lithium battery every
Film.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is the new electrochmical power source system for developing rapidly in recent years, with traditional NI-G or Ni-MH battery
Compare, it has the advantages that high-energy-density, long circulation life, memory-less effect and quick charge and discharge.Can be widely used for portable
Electronic product is such as：The required rechargeable battery such as mobile phone, notebook computer, video recorder, is alternatively arranged as electric automobile and hybrid power
Electrical source of power needed for car etc..Battery diaphragm directly affects capacity, the cycle performance of battery as the important component of battery
And the characteristic such as security, therefore, the barrier film of excellent performance plays an important roll to the combination property for improving battery.
Barrier film is used for high energy battery, it is important that the current loop in battery once battery failures and companion must occurring
Interrupted during with overheat, it is to avoid barrier film melts and battery large area internal short-circuit occurs caused by battery continues intensification, so that
It is on fire in addition blast and destroy battery.
At present, the lithium ion battery separator predominantly polyalkene diaphragm that in the market is used, including monolayer polyethylene, individual layer are poly-
Propylene and polyolefin three-layer composite membrane.Because the fusing point of polyethylene is about 140 DEG C, polyacrylic fusing point is about 160 DEG C, when
When battery local temperature is increased to more than its fusing point, it is possible to because the fusing of barrier film cause battery plus-negative plate contact occur it is short
Road, so being deposited when either individual layer polyalkene diaphragm or three layers of compound polyolefin barrier film are used in power lithium-ion battery
In potential safety hazard, the high-temperature thermal stability performance of barrier film still has much room for improvement.
Therefore, by improve lithium ion battery separator performance improve lithium ion battery security receive it is more and more
Concern, domestic and international major universities and colleges and correlative study institute, lithium ion battery separator manufacturing enterprise and lithium ion battery manufacturer
One upsurge for breaking through lithium ion battery separator security is started, various lithium ion battery separators emerge in an endless stream：Pottery
Porcelain coating of polyolefins barrier film, heat resistance polymer fabric nonwoven cloth ceramic-coated separator, PVDF coating of polyolefins barrier film, PVDF barrier films
Deng.It is other all in experiment development in addition to ceramic-coated separator large-scale production.But due to its current work
Skill causes its ceramic coating and the base material polyolefin micro porous polyolefin membrane can not to form an organic whole, especially ceramics and polyolefin
The combination interface intensity of film is very weak, causes ceramic coating partial exfoliation or large area comes off.And this ceramic coating lithium from
Sub- battery diaphragm is because interface cohesion loosely produces many powder in cutting.Such ceramic-coated separator is assembled into battery
Behind portion, coating shedding does not improve the security of lithium ion battery separator not only, is influenceed because of the ceramic powder piece for coming off on the contrary
The electrical property of lithium ion battery.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention, is to provide a kind of new lithium ion battery separator, solves battery-heating
The safety issue of easy short circuit.
What the present invention was realized in：A kind of lithium battery diaphragm, including basement membrane, ceramic coating and hot-melt polymer are applied
Layer, the ceramic coating, hot-melt polymer coating be located at basement membrane homonymy, the ceramic coating include ceramic particle material,
First binding agent；The hot-melt polymer coating includes hot-melt polymer material granule, the second binding agent.
Further, first binding agent, the second binding agent include polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin or polyvinylpyrrolidine
Ketone.
Specifically, the ceramic coating is to carry out the modified ceramic coating in surface by coupling agent
Specifically, the basement membrane is polypropylene material.
Further, the ceramic material is porous ceramic film material.
Alternatively, the porous ceramic film material choosing includes aluminum oxide, silica or silicon nitride, and particle diameter is 0.1-3.0 μ
m。
Preferably, the hot-melt polymer coating, ceramic coating, basement membrane are arranged in order.
Alternatively, the hot-melt polymer material includes Tissuemat E, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate
Copolymer or EVA copolymer.
Preferably, the melt temperature of the hot-melt polymer material is 90-130 DEG C.
Specifically, the basement membrane thickness is 15-30 μm；The thickness of ceramic coating is 2-8 μm；The hot-melt polymer
Coating layer thickness is 2-6 μm.
A kind of lithium battery diaphragm preparation method, comprises the following steps, takes ceramic material 90-93 weight portions and adds deionized water
In, dispersed with stirring is uniform, adds the binding agent of 7-10 weight portions first, is uniformly mixed, and obtains ceramic size；Take hot melt
Polymeric material 92-95 weight portions, the second binding agent 5-8 weight portions add mixing in deionized water, obtain hot melt and gather
Compound slurry, the same of basement membrane is coated on by gravure roll coating method by obtained ceramic size, hot-melt polymer slurry
Side；
First binding agent, the second binding agent include polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Further, specifically also include step, obtained ceramic size is coated on by basement membrane by gravure roll coating method
Simultaneously, ceramic coating is obtained after drying；Hot-melt polymer slurry is coated on the opposite side of ceramic coating again.
Preferably, also coupling agent is dissolved in deionized water and is hydrolyzed including step, add acetic acid as hydrolyzation catalysis
Agent, and pH to 3.5-5.5 is adjusted, 30 DEG C of reaction certain hours of constant temperature, by preliminary scattered aluminum oxide, silica or silicon nitride
In addition solution, stirring reaction certain hour, by obtaining the modified ceramic material in surface after suction filtration, drying.
The invention has the advantages that：Hot-melt polymer can be melted in a short time, rapid blocking microporous, realize barrier film
Heat close performance, the ceramic coating in composite diaphragm intermediate layer has excellent resistance to elevated temperatures, can effectively prevent polyolefin micro-
The thermal contraction of pore membrane, it is to avoid battery plus-negative plate contact causes battery short circuit so that cell damage even explodes, and realizes battery
The high temperature protection function of barrier film.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the lithium battery diaphragm structure chart described in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the lithium battery diaphragm preparation method flow chart described in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals：
1st, basement membrane；
2nd, ceramic coating；
3rd, hot-melt polymer coating.
Specific embodiment
To describe technology contents of the invention, structural feature, the objects and the effects in detail, below in conjunction with implementation method
And coordinate accompanying drawing to be explained in detail.
Fig. 1 is referred to, is the structural representation of lithium battery diaphragm.The present invention includes basement membrane 1, ceramic coating 2 and hot melt
Property polymer coating 3.The ceramic coating includes inorganic particulate material and the first binding agent.The hot-melt polymer coating
Including hot-melt polymer material granule and the second binding agent.
A kind of lithium battery diaphragm, including basement membrane, ceramic coating and hot-melt polymer coating, the ceramic coating, heat
Melt polymeric coating is located at the homonymy of basement membrane, and the ceramic coating includes ceramic particle material, the first binding agent；The hot melt
Property polymer coating include hot-melt polymer material granule, the second binding agent；First binding agent, the second binding agent into
Split-phase is same, can be selected from same in polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
In the particular embodiment, when battery temperature exceedes the melt temperature of hot-melt polymer, hot-melt polymer
Can melt in a short time, it is rapid blocking microporous, realize that the heat of barrier film closes performance.The ceramic coating tool in composite diaphragm intermediate layer
There is excellent resistance to elevated temperatures, can effectively prevent the thermal contraction of MIcroporous polyolefin film, it is to avoid battery plus-negative plate contact causes electricity
Pond short circuit so that cell damage even explode, while there is the high temperature protection function of realizing battery diaphragm.
In some other specific embodiment, the basement membrane is polypropylene material.
Further, the ceramic material is porous ceramic film material.This is because, the porous ceramics material that ceramic coating is used
Material has good imbibition and protects fluidity, improves the water retainability of composite diaphragm, is conducive to the conduction of lithium ion, improve lithium from
The cycle performance of sub- battery.
Ceramic material generally refers to Inorganic Non-metallic Materials, it is sintered after there is high-melting-point, high rigidity, high-wearing feature, resistance to
The advantages of oxidation.In our embodiment, the optional aluminum oxide of porous ceramic film material, silica or silicon nitride, specifically
Particle diameter is 0.1-3.0 μm.Hole is provided by ceramic material, heat-fusible materials can soon block hole and reach hot pass
The effect closed, can prevent barrier film thermal contraction again, preferably improve the security of lithium battery.
Close effect to reach above-mentioned heat, it is only necessary to hot-melt polymer coating and ceramic coating only need to it is adjacent i.e.
Can, that is, positioned at the same side of basement membrane.In a preferred embodiment, the hot-melt polymer coating, ceramic coating,
Basement membrane is arranged in order.Ceramic coating is combined with basement membrane can more closely, and a preferable embodiment of can yet be regarded as is further real
In applying example, ceramic coating may also pass through coupling agent to carry out surface and is modified, and improves the decentralization of particle and the compatibility of basement membrane,
Further improve close structure degree of the invention.
In the particular embodiment, the hot-melt polymer material include Tissuemat E, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride,
Acrylate copolymer or EVA copolymer, the melt temperature of so described hot-melt polymer material
It is 90-130 DEG C, compared to general blowout disk, can earlier carries out hot closing, preferably improves safety of the invention
Property.
Specifically, the basement membrane thickness is 15-30 μm；The thickness of ceramic coating is 2-8 μm；The hot-melt polymer
Coating layer thickness is 2-6 μm.
In embodiment as shown in Figure 2, the present invention also provides a kind of lithium battery diaphragm preparation method, comprises the following steps,
S202 is taken in ceramic material 90-93 weight portions addition deionized water, and dispersed with stirring is uniform, adds 7-10 weight portions first and bonds
Agent, is uniformly mixed, and obtains ceramic size；S204 takes hot-melt polymer material 92-95 weight portions, the second binding agent 5-8
Weight portion, adds mixing in deionized water, obtains hot-melt polymer slurry, and S206 will be made by gravure roll coating method
Ceramic size, hot-melt polymer slurry be coated on the same side of basement membrane；
First binding agent, the second binding agent include polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Further, specifically also include step, obtained ceramic size is coated on by basement membrane by gravure roll coating method
Simultaneously, ceramic coating is obtained after drying；Hot-melt polymer slurry is coated on the opposite side of ceramic coating again.
Preferably, also including step, be dissolved in coupling agent in deionized water and be hydrolyzed by S200, adds acetic acid as hydrolysis
Catalyst, and pH to 3.5-5.5 is adjusted, 30 DEG C of reaction certain hours of constant temperature add preliminary scattered porous ceramic film material
In solution, stirring reaction certain hour, by obtaining the modified ceramic material in surface after suction filtration, drying.
The technical scheme of specific composite diaphragm is as follows in certain embodiment of the invention：
1) ceramic coating：Coupling agent is dissolved in deionized water and is hydrolyzed, add acetic acid as hydrolyst, and adjust
Section pH to 3.5-5.5,30 DEG C of constant temperature reaction certain hours, during preliminary scattered porous ceramic film material in advance added into solution,
Stirring reaction certain hour, by obtaining the modified ceramic material in surface after suction filtration, drying.Modified ceramic material is added
In solvent, dispersed with stirring is uniform, adds the first binding agent, is uniformly mixed, and obtains ceramic size.It is coated with by gravure roll
Obtained ceramic size is coated on basement membrane simultaneously by mode, and ceramic coating is obtained after drying.
2) hot-melt polymer coating：By in hot-melt polymer material addition solvent, stir, add second and glue
Knot agent, is uniformly mixed, and obtains hot-melt polymer slurry.By gravure roll coating method by obtained hot-melt polymer
Slurry is coated on ceramic coating side, and composite diaphragm is obtained after drying.
Wherein, the solvent be deionized water, first, second binding agent be selected from polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin and
Any one in polyvinylpyrrolidone, the coupling agent is vinyl silicane coupling agent, and its consumption accounts for porous ceramic film material
0.5%.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1) composite diaphragm provided by the present invention because its ceramic coating particle be porous ceramic film material, with good imbibition
And liquid-keeping property, be conducive to the conduction of lithium ion.
The hot-melt polymer coating of 2 composite diaphragms provided by the present invention is coated on ceramic coating side, when battery temperature
When spending high, hot-melt polymer can be melted in a short time, rapid to block ceramic coating micropore.Applied respectively with basement membrane both sides
Cloth ceramic coating is compared with the barrier film of heat-fusible materials coating, on the one hand, the barrier film plug-hole speed that the present invention is provided is more molten than simple
Faster, on the other hand, ceramics heat transfer is fast, and one layer of polymeric coating is coated with ceramic coating can be reduced for the speed of film forming plug-hole
Barrier film heat transfer rate, improves battery security.
3) it is modified by the present invention in that carrying out surface to inorganic particle with coupling agent, improves the dispersiveness and nothing of particle
The compatibility of organic coating and basement membrane, compared with existing ceramic diaphragm, ceramic coating is big with the interface bond strength of base material, solves
The problem of barrier film dry linting and coating shedding.
4) ceramic coating of composite diaphragm provided by the present invention has excellent resistance to elevated temperatures, can effectively prevent polyene
The thermal contraction of hydrocarbon microporous barrier, it is to avoid battery plus-negative plate contact causes battery short circuit so that cell damage even explodes.With it is existing
Barrier film is compared, and resistance to elevated temperatures is significantly improved.
Embodiment 1
It is hydrolyzed coupling agent is soluble in water, adds acetic acid as hydrolyst, and adjusts pH to 3.5-5.5, it is permanent
30 DEG C of temperature is reacted 1 hour, and by scattered porous ceramic film material addition solution preliminary in advance, stirring reaction 1.5 hours passes through
The modified ceramic material in surface is obtained after suction filtration, drying.Take in 90 parts of addition solvents of modified ceramic material, dispersed with stirring is equal
It is even, 10 part of first binding agent is added, it is uniformly mixed, obtain ceramic size.Will be obtained by gravure roll coating method
Ceramic size is coated on basement membrane simultaneously, and ceramic coating is obtained after drying；Take 92 parts of hot-melt polymer material, the second binding agent
8 parts, mixed 2 hours in addition solvent, obtain hot-melt polymer slurry, hot-melt polymer slurry is coated on ceramics
Coating side.Porous ceramic film material uses aluminum oxide, and hot-melt polymer uses EVA copolymer, first,
Second binding agent uses polyvinyl alcohol, 20 μm of basement membrane thickness, 6 μm of thickness of ceramic coating, the μ of hot-melt polymer coating layer thickness 4
m。
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：93 parts of porous ceramic film material, the first 7 parts of binding agent, hot-melt polymer material
95 parts, the second 5 parts of binding agent.Remaining is with specific embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：Hot-melt polymer uses polystyrene, and first, second binding agent is using poly-
Vinylpyrrolidone.Remaining is with specific embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：Hot-melt polymer uses Tissuemat E, and remaining is with specific embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
Thickness is 24 μm of basement membrane, and coating does not carry out the modified ceramic size in surface, 6 μm of coating layer thickness.
Comparative example 2
Thickness is 30 μm of basement membrane, without coating.
The physical property of all of lithium ion battery separator of the present invention see the table below：
It can be seen that, there is stronger peel strength by modified ceramic coating in the present invention, and significantly improve hot receipts
Contracting performance, in the case where ventilative value is not influenceed, the effect of hot closing has been reached by hot-melt polymer coating.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, scope of patent protection of the invention, every utilization is not thereby limited
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that description of the invention and accompanying drawing content are made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other correlations
Technical field, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lithium battery diaphragm, it is characterised in that including basement membrane, ceramic coating and hot-melt polymer coating, the pottery
Porcelain coating, hot-melt polymer coating are located at the homonymy of basement membrane, and the ceramic coating includes that ceramic particle material, first bond
Agent；The hot-melt polymer coating includes hot-melt polymer material granule, the second binding agent.
2. lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that first binding agent, the second binding agent include poly-
Vinyl alcohol, epoxy resin or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
3. lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the basement membrane is polypropylene material.
4. lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ceramic coating is to carry out surface by coupling agent
Modified ceramic coating.
5. lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the ceramic material is porous ceramic film material；Including
Aluminum oxide, silica or silicon nitride, particle diameter are 0.1-3.0 μm.
6. lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the hot-melt polymer coating, ceramic coating, base
Film is arranged in order.
7. lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the hot-melt polymer material includes polyethylene
Wax, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylate copolymer or EVA copolymer, the hot melt polymeric
The melt temperature of thing material is 90-130 DEG C.
8. a kind of lithium battery diaphragm preparation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps, take ceramic material 90-97 weight portions and add
Enter in deionized water, dispersed with stirring is uniform, adds the binding agent of 7-10 weight portions first, is uniformly mixed, and obtains ceramic slurry
Material；Hot-melt polymer material 92-95 weight portions are taken, the second binding agent 5-8 weight portions add mixing in deionized water,
Hot-melt polymer slurry is obtained, obtained ceramic size, hot-melt polymer slurry is coated with by gravure roll coating method
In the same side of basement membrane；
First binding agent, the second binding agent include polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
9. lithium battery diaphragm preparation method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that specific also to include step, by intaglio plate
Obtained ceramic size is coated on basement membrane simultaneously by roller coat mode for cloth, and ceramic coating is obtained after drying；Again by hot melt polymeric
Thing slurry is coated on the opposite side of ceramic coating.
10. lithium battery diaphragm as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that also including step, coupling agent is dissolved in deionized water
In be hydrolyzed, add acetic acid as hydrolyst, and adjust pH to 3.5-5.5,30 DEG C of reaction certain hours of constant temperature will be just
The scattered aluminum oxide of step, silica or silicon nitride are added in solution, stirring reaction certain hour, are obtained by after suction filtration, drying
To the ceramic material that surface is modified.
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| CN108461693A (en) * | 2018-03-31 | 2018-08-28 | 广东天劲新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method improving lithium ion battery thermal shock and short-circuit diaphragm |
| CN108550766A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-09-18 | 沧州明珠塑料股份有限公司 | A kind of Thermal shutdown high temperature resistant high safety coating modified diaphragm and preparation method thereof |
| CN108878738A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-23 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Preparation method of novel high-safety polyolefin diaphragm |
| CN109599523A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-09 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of ceramic coating membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN109742298A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-05-10 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | Porous ceramics diaphragm slurry and preparation method thereof, battery diaphragm and battery |
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