CN106870037A - A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system - Google Patents

A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106870037A
CN106870037A CN201710048783.4A CN201710048783A CN106870037A CN 106870037 A CN106870037 A CN 106870037A CN 201710048783 A CN201710048783 A CN 201710048783A CN 106870037 A CN106870037 A CN 106870037A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
temperature
boiler
regenerator
temperature regenerator
supercritical carbon
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Pending
Application number
CN201710048783.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐钢
徐进良
白子为
薛小军
张国强
杨勇平
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North China Electric Power University
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North China Electric Power University
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Priority to CN201710048783.4A priority Critical patent/CN106870037A/en
Publication of CN106870037A publication Critical patent/CN106870037A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system for belonging to power station energy-saving field, the circulatory system it is main by boiler hearth heating surface, heated surface at the end of boiler, air preheater, boiler back end ductwork, cycle fluid bypass duct, high temperature regenerator, middle temperature regenerator, cryogenic regenerator, working medium turbine, high temperature compressor, cold pressing mechanism of qi and cooler is constituted.Rearranged by by boiler hearth heating surface, the bypass of high temperature regenerator is set, so as to match newly-designed supercritical carbon dioxide cycle heat exchange demand；Improve cycle efficieny；Improve low-temperature flue gas utility；Improve air preheater caloric receptivity distribution, the design heat exchange amount being optimized to substantially with correspondence air preheater in coal-fired steam circulation is identical；Using a cold compression technology, cycle efficieny is improve, the heat exchange for optimizing cooler is interval, is allowed to be matched with water-cooling system.In addition the system architecture is simple, and operational efficiency is high, there is preferable application prospect in engineering.

Description

A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system
Technical field
The invention belongs to power station energy-saving field, more particularly to a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system
Background technology
Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle is with carbon dioxide (critical pressure in a supercritical state 7.38MPa, 31.05 DEG C of critical-temperature) it is working medium, a kind of endless form that energy is changed is realized using Brayton cycle principle.
It is for the high density using fluid near super critical point, low glutinous using supercritical fluid as cycle fluid Property etc. advantage, reduce power input to compressor, improve cycle efficieny.And supercritical carbon dioxide has nontoxic, rich reserves, cost The features such as low, stable performance, big density, critical-temperature and relatively low pressure, it is considered as one of optimum cycle working medium.Current big rule The Steam Power Circulation that mould is used is compared, the energy under supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle high temperature (generally greater than 400 DEG C) Conversion efficiency is higher, and its system compact, and equipment volume is small, and (volume of turbine system and cooling device just corresponds to vapour system The ten of corresponding device volume/mono-), it is easy to modularization construction, possess good potential economy；With conventional gas Bretton Circulation is compared, its compression process parameter be located at working medium Near The Critical Point the characteristics of cause that compression power consumption is significantly reduced, cycle efficieny Significantly improve.
Supercritical carbon dioxide is proposed as the working medium that power is followed in nineteen sixties, but at that time due to skill Art is limited, and is not widely used.In recent years, with the raising of technical merit, supercritical carbon dioxide is in nuclear reactor side The application in face has obtained extensive concern and the research of domestic and foreign scholars and research institution, and it is combined with tower type solar heat dump Carry out extensively, but for occupying the coal-burning boiler of main generation mode, supercritical carbon dioxide application wherein at present But develop more slow.
The energy-saving and emission-reduction of Large-scale fire-electricity unit are the important energy source strategies of China.For adapt to the fast-developing of electricity market and The immense pressure of energy-saving and emission-reduction,, in the urgent need to the efficiency for finding new approach to improve power plant, this has turned into each power plant day for we The problem that benefit is paid attention to.
The present invention proposes a kind of Novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system, and it is a kind of new being applicable In the circulatory system of traditional fired power generating unit, its core design thought is：Using supercritical carbon dioxide as cycle fluid. In this circulation, boiler hearth heating surface is rearranged, so as to match newly-designed supercritical carbon dioxide cycle heat exchange need Ask；The bypass of high temperature regenerator is set, so as to optimize high-temperature heat-exchanging heat transfer characteristic, the cold warm end temperature difference of heat exchanger is reduced；Carry Low-temperature flue gas utilities high；Improve air preheater caloric receptivity distribution, be allowed to compared with homogeneous system, be optimized to substantially with The design heat exchange amount of correspondence air preheater is identical in coal-fired steam circulation；Using a cold compression, system circulation efficiency is improve, The heat exchange for optimizing cooler is interval, is allowed to be matched with water-cooling system.Whole Novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system System not only ensure that the system effectiveness of supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, and improve the operational efficiency of boiler, and the system knot Structure is simple, it is not necessary to multiple reheating, there is preferable application prospect in engineering, is a kind of energy-conservation for being suitable for traditional coal fired power plant Emission reduction new technology.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system, it is characterised in that：To pot Stove furnace heating surface is redesigned, and heated surface at the end of boiler 4 and air preheater are sequentially arranged in boiler back end ductwork 3；The outlet of boiler hearth heating surface 1 is connected with the entrance of working medium turbine 5, and the outlet of working medium turbine 5 is connected with high temperature regenerator 6, high temperature Regenerator 6 is connected with middle temperature regenerator 7, and middle temperature regenerator 7 is connected with cryogenic regenerator 8, cryogenic regenerator 8 export respectively with height Temperature and pressure mechanism of qi 9 is connected with the first condenser 12, and high temperature compressor 9 is exported and passed through and middle temperature regenerator 7 and cryogenic regenerator 8 between Pipeline 15 is connected, and is connected by pipeline 14 between high temperature regenerator 6 and middle temperature regenerator 7, is returned in high temperature regenerator 6 and middle temperature High temperature regenerator bypass 16 is reconnected on pipeline 14 between hot device 7, the bypass 16 of high temperature regenerator is by heated surface at the end of boiler 4 Exported with high temperature regenerator 6 and be together imported into boiler hearth heating surface 1；First condenser 12 exports mechanism of qi 10 of being colded pressing between first It is connected, mechanism of qi 10 of being colded pressing between first outlet is connected with the second condenser 13, and the second condenser 13 exports mechanism of qi of being colded pressing between second 11 are connected, and mechanism of qi 11 of being colded pressing between second outlet is connected with cryogenic regenerator 8.
Described that high temperature regenerator bypass 16 is set between high temperature regenerator 6 and middle temperature regenerator 7, its inlet temperature is 320 DEG C, outlet temperature is 470 DEG C, so as to be effectively utilized 350 DEG C -500 DEG C of low-temperature flue gas heat, improves system circulation Efficiency.
The boiler hearth heating surface is matched with the circulation of newly-designed supercritical carbon dioxide, optimizes heating surface arrangement, Ensure that the Effec-tive Function of boiler.
Cold compression between described two mechanisms of qi of colding pressing, improves the cycle efficieny of the circulatory system, makes the heat exchange of cooler Temperature is maintained between 30 DEG C -80 DEG C, good with water-cooling system Temperature Matching.
The boiler back end ductwork is sequentially arranged heated surface at the end of boiler 4 and air preheater 3, and air is pre- in making the circulation Hot device heat exchange flue gas scope at 100 DEG C -350 DEG C, heat exchange amount substantially with the design of corresponding air preheater in coal-fired steam circulation Heat exchange amount is identical, so as to optimize the heat-transfer character of air preheater.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. the system is provided with the bypass of high temperature regenerator outside high temperature regenerator, partly comes from the working medium of middle temperature regenerator Absorption low-temperature flue gas heat in boiler back end ductwork is entered directly into, the working medium for finally being exported with high temperature regenerator mixes, together It is imported into boiler hearth heating surface.This bypass optimizes system architecture, improves the absorbent properties of boiler low-temperature fume, inhales Flue gas heat between having received 350 DEG C -500 DEG C, improves system circulation efficiency.
2. boiler hearth heating surface is rearranged, to match newly-designed supercritical carbon dioxide cycle heat exchange characteristic, So that heat transfer efficient is compact, and ensure that the stable operation of boiler.
3. cold compression technology between the system is used, not only increases system circulation efficiency, also optimizes the heat exchange of condenser Temperature range, is allowed to mutually be matched with water-cooling system.
4. the system is without reheat vapor cycle, simplifies control system and is arranged with burner hearth, with further improved efficiency space, Good application prospect is had in engineering.As control system is advanced enough, can further lift this by adding reheat vapor cycle is System effect.
5. the system arrangement applicability is wide, can decide whether to adopt according to unit parameter and the difference of the type of cooling With a cold compression.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system schematic diagram.
Implementation method
The present invention proposes a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system.Said with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings It is bright.
It is as shown in Figure 1 Novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system schematic diagram, the present invention is received to boiler furnace Hot face is redesigned, and heated surface at the end of boiler 4 and air preheater 3 are sequentially arranged in boiler back end ductwork；Boiler Furnace Thorax heating surface 1 outlet be connected with the entrance of working medium turbine 5, working medium turbine 5 export be connected with high temperature regenerator 6, high temperature regenerator 6 and Middle temperature regenerator 7 be connected, middle temperature regenerator 7 is connected with cryogenic regenerator 8, cryogenic regenerator 8 export respectively with high temperature compressor 9 It is connected with the first condenser 12, high temperature compressor 9 is exported and connected by pipeline 15 and middle temperature regenerator 7 and cryogenic regenerator 8 between Connect, connected by pipeline 14 between high temperature regenerator 6 and middle temperature regenerator 7, high temperature regenerator 6 and middle temperature regenerator 7 it Between pipeline 14 on reconnect high temperature regenerator bypass 16, the bypass 16 of high temperature regenerator is by heated surface at the end of boiler 4 and high temperature Regenerator 6 is exported and be together imported into boiler hearth heating surface 1；So as to boiler hearth heating surface and newly-designed overcritical titanium dioxide Carbon cycle is matched, and optimizes heating surface arrangement, it is ensured that the Effec-tive Function of boiler.
First condenser 12 of the circulatory system exports mechanism of qi 10 of being colded pressing between first and is connected, mechanism of qi 10 of being colded pressing between first Outlet is connected with the second condenser 13, and the second condenser 13 exports mechanism of qi 11 of being colded pressing between second and is connected, mechanism of qi of being colded pressing between second 11 outlets are connected with cryogenic regenerator 8, i.e., cold compression technology between mechanism of qi of being colded pressing between two use, improve the circulation of the circulatory system Efficiency, makes the heat-exchange temperature of cooler maintain between 30 DEG C -80 DEG C, good with water-cooling system Temperature Matching.
Described that high temperature regenerator bypass 16 is set between high temperature regenerator 6 and middle temperature regenerator 7, its inlet temperature is 320 DEG C, outlet temperature is 470 DEG C, so as to be effectively utilized 350 DEG C -500 DEG C of low-temperature flue gas heat, improves system circulation Efficiency.
The boiler back end ductwork is sequentially arranged heated surface at the end of boiler 4 and air preheater 3, and air is pre- in making the circulation Hot device heat exchange flue gas scope at 100 DEG C -350 DEG C, heat exchange amount substantially with the design of corresponding air preheater in coal-fired steam circulation Heat exchange amount is identical, so as to optimize the heat-transfer character of air preheater.
Bypassed present invention firstly provides high temperature regenerator is set in supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system, one The middle temperature regenerator in part exports the high temperature regenerator after working medium is entered directly into；The middle temperature regenerator outlet working medium of another part The heat absorption of burner hearth afterbody heat-transfer surface is introduced into, so as to absorb burner hearth afterbody waste heat, it is unnecessary during air preheater design to reduce Heat absorption, and improve system circulation efficiency.It has been finally reached fully rationally using flue-gas temperature distribution, classified utilization cigarette in boiler Gas energy, while ensureing that supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is efficient, rationally effectively by system and coal-burning boiler coupling Altogether, solve afterbody low-temperature flue gas efficient and rational to utilize, the problem of ultra-specification arrangement air preheater caloric receptivity.Together When, the present invention can flexible arrangement (multistage) reheat vapor cycle and a cold compression as needed so that overall supercritical carbon dioxide cloth Thunder circulates in engineering application prospect in practice and greatly improves, and exploitativeness is notable.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system, it is characterised in that：Boiler hearth heating surface (1) is set again Meter, heated surface at the end of boiler (4) and air preheater (3) are sequentially arranged in boiler back end ductwork (2)；Boiler hearth heating surface (1) outlet is connected with working medium turbine (5) entrance, and working medium turbine (5) outlet is connected with high temperature regenerator (6), high temperature regenerator (6) Be connected with middle temperature regenerator (7), middle temperature regenerator (7) is connected with cryogenic regenerator (8), cryogenic regenerator (8) outlet respectively with High temperature compressor (9) is connected with the first condenser (12), and high temperature compressor (9) is exported and middle temperature regenerator (7) and low temperature backheat Connected by pipeline (15) between device (8), connected by pipeline (14) between high temperature regenerator (6) and middle temperature regenerator (7), High temperature regenerator bypass (16) is reconnected on pipeline (14) between high temperature regenerator (6) and middle temperature regenerator (7), high temperature is returned Hot device bypass (16) is together imported into boiler hearth heating surface by heated surface at the end of boiler (4) and high temperature regenerator (6) outlet (1)；First condenser (12) outlet is connected with mechanism of qi (10) of being colded pressing between first, and mechanism of qi of being colded pressing between first (10) outlet is coagulated with second Vapour device (13) is connected, and the second condenser (13) outlet is connected with mechanism of qi (11) of being colded pressing between second, and mechanism of qi of being colded pressing between second (11) goes out Mouth is connected with cryogenic regenerator (8).
2. supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described in high temperature backheat High temperature regenerator bypass (16) is set between device (6) and middle temperature regenerator (7), and its inlet temperature is 320 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 470 DEG C, so as to be effectively utilized 350 DEG C -500 DEG C of low-temperature flue gas heat, improve system circulation efficiency.
3. supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The boiler furnace is received Hot face matches with the circulation of newly-designed supercritical carbon dioxide, optimizes heating surface arrangement, it is ensured that the Effec-tive Function of boiler.
4. supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described two are colded pressing Cold compression between mechanism of qi, improves the cycle efficieny of the circulatory system, make cooler heat-exchange temperature maintain 30 DEG C -80 DEG C it Between, it is good with water-cooling system Temperature Matching.
5. supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The boiler tail cigarette Road is sequentially arranged heated surface at the end of boiler (4) and air preheater (3), and air preheater heat exchange flue gas scope exists in making the circulation 100 DEG C -350 DEG C, design heat exchange amount of the heat exchange amount substantially with correspondence air preheater in coal-fired steam circulation is identical, so as to optimize The heat-transfer character of air preheater.
CN201710048783.4A 2017-01-22 2017-01-22 A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton Cycle system Pending CN106870037A (en)

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Cited By (8)

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CN108105747A (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-06-01 华北电力大学 Supercritical CO2Brayton cycle coal fired power generation afterbody high-temperature flue gas afterheat utilizing system
CN108180470A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-06-19 东南大学 The fire coal circulating fluid bed boiler of supercritical carbon dioxide and electricity generation system and electricity-generating method
CN108252758A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-06 安徽工业大学 A kind of electricity generation system recycled using steel billet radiation energy and supercritical carbon dioxide
CN108252757A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-06 安徽工业大学 A kind of multi-stage compression circulating generation method using supercritical carbon dioxide
CN108613170A (en) * 2018-03-14 2018-10-02 西安交通大学 A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide coal generating system and operation method
CN109524141A (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-03-26 中广核研究院有限公司 Seawater desalination system and its small-sized powered by nuclear energy output device and power output method
RU2702206C1 (en) * 2018-06-13 2019-10-04 Михаил Аркадьевич Верткин Boiler-turbine dioxide-carbon power plant
RU2740614C1 (en) * 2020-07-13 2021-01-15 Акционерное общество "Атомное и энергетическое машиностроение" (АО "Атомэнергомаш") Recycling carbon dioxide power plant for installation of combined cycle

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CN206530370U (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-09-29 华北电力大学 Using the Brayton Cycle system of supercritical carbon dioxide

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108180470A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-06-19 东南大学 The fire coal circulating fluid bed boiler of supercritical carbon dioxide and electricity generation system and electricity-generating method
CN108180470B (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-10-23 东南大学 The fire coal circulating fluid bed boiler of supercritical carbon dioxide and electricity generation system and electricity-generating method
CN108105747A (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-06-01 华北电力大学 Supercritical CO2Brayton cycle coal fired power generation afterbody high-temperature flue gas afterheat utilizing system
CN108105747B (en) * 2017-11-29 2019-05-31 华北电力大学 Supercritical CO2Brayton cycle coal fired power generation tail portion high-temperature flue gas afterheat utilizing system
CN108252758A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-06 安徽工业大学 A kind of electricity generation system recycled using steel billet radiation energy and supercritical carbon dioxide
CN108252757A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-06 安徽工业大学 A kind of multi-stage compression circulating generation method using supercritical carbon dioxide
CN108252757B (en) * 2018-02-09 2020-05-12 安徽工业大学 Multistage compression cycle power generation method adopting supercritical carbon dioxide
CN108613170A (en) * 2018-03-14 2018-10-02 西安交通大学 A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide coal generating system and operation method
RU2702206C1 (en) * 2018-06-13 2019-10-04 Михаил Аркадьевич Верткин Boiler-turbine dioxide-carbon power plant
CN109524141A (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-03-26 中广核研究院有限公司 Seawater desalination system and its small-sized powered by nuclear energy output device and power output method
RU2740614C1 (en) * 2020-07-13 2021-01-15 Акционерное общество "Атомное и энергетическое машиностроение" (АО "Атомэнергомаш") Recycling carbon dioxide power plant for installation of combined cycle

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