CN106869921A - A kind of abyssal floor cone-type spiral fetches earth rig and method - Google Patents
A kind of abyssal floor cone-type spiral fetches earth rig and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106869921A CN106869921A CN201510922468.0A CN201510922468A CN106869921A CN 106869921 A CN106869921 A CN 106869921A CN 201510922468 A CN201510922468 A CN 201510922468A CN 106869921 A CN106869921 A CN 106869921A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 very thin silt Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
- E21B49/025—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil of underwater soil, e.g. with grab devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/22—Rods or pipes with helical structure
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种深海底锥形螺旋取土钻机及方法,钻机包括钻机底座、钻机支架和液压系统,钻机支架的内侧设置有导轨;钻机支架、液压系统和导轨均安装在钻机底座上;钻机支架的上端设置有铠装电缆接头,铠装电缆接头的下方设置有液压动力头和传动件;传动件的上端通过花键与液压动力头相连接、下端通过螺纹与取样钻管相连接;钻机底座的下方设置有调平支腿;钻机底座上开设有取样钻孔;本发明提供钻机的取土方法包括钻机下放、钻机调平、钻机取样和取样封存四个步骤。本发明结构简单,不需排渣,系统功率小;回拔时不易卡住,摩擦阻力小,可以实现快速回收取样钻管;对土层扰动小,能够保留原状土层的信息。
The invention discloses a deep seabed conical spiral soil extraction drilling rig and a method thereof. The drilling rig includes a drilling rig base, a drilling rig support and a hydraulic system, and a guide rail is arranged on the inner side of the drilling rig support; the drilling rig support, the hydraulic system and the guide rail are all installed on the drilling rig base; The upper end of the drilling rig bracket is provided with an armored cable joint, and the lower part of the armored cable joint is provided with a hydraulic power head and a transmission part; the upper end of the transmission part is connected with the hydraulic power head through a spline, and the lower end is connected with the sampling drill pipe through a thread; The bottom of the drilling rig base is provided with leveling outriggers; the drilling rig base is provided with sampling boreholes; the soil extraction method of the drilling rig includes four steps of lowering the drilling rig, leveling the drilling rig, sampling the drilling rig and sealing the samples. The invention has a simple structure, does not need slag discharge, and has low system power; it is not easy to get stuck when pulling back, and the frictional resistance is small, which can realize rapid recovery of the sampling drill pipe; it has little disturbance to the soil layer and can retain the information of the original soil layer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及深海海底资源勘探技术领域,尤其涉及一种深海底锥形螺旋取土钻机及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of exploration of deep seabed resources, in particular to a deep seabed conical spiral soil drilling machine and a method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
深海海底底质情况比较复杂,既有很硬的岩石,也有很稀的淤泥,还有介于岩石和淤泥之间的土质,其硬度和贯入阻力差异很大。对于岩石一般采用高速旋转钻机进行取样,通过钻头切削作用获取岩芯;对于淤泥一般采用重力取样器,利用重力将取样钻管贯入淤泥里,获取长柱状淤泥样品。然而,对于岩石和淤泥之间的土质底质,由于其贯入阻力很大,重力取样器贯入深度非常有限,而高速旋转钻机结构复杂,振动大,也不适合。在此情况下,需要针对深海海底土质特性,开发一套结构简单、便于操作、成本低廉的深度取样装置。The bottom quality of the deep seabed is relatively complicated, including very hard rock, very thin silt, and soil between rock and silt, with great differences in hardness and penetration resistance. For rocks, a high-speed rotary drilling rig is generally used for sampling, and the core is obtained through the cutting action of the drill bit; for mud, a gravity sampler is generally used, and the sampling drill pipe is penetrated into the mud by gravity to obtain long columnar mud samples. However, for the soil substrate between rocks and silt, due to its high penetration resistance, the penetration depth of the gravity sampler is very limited, and the high-speed rotary drilling machine has a complex structure and large vibration, so it is not suitable. In this case, it is necessary to develop a set of depth sampling devices with simple structure, easy operation and low cost according to the soil properties of the deep seabed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述技术所存在的不足之处,本发明提供了一种深海底锥形螺旋取土钻机及方法。In order to solve the deficiencies in the above-mentioned technologies, the present invention provides a deep seabed conical auger soil extraction drilling machine and a method thereof.
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种深海底锥形螺旋取土钻机,包括钻机底座、钻机支架和液压系统,钻机支架的内侧设置有导轨;钻机支架、液压系统和导轨均安装在钻机底座上;钻机支架的上端设置有铠装电缆接头,钻机通过电缆接头上方连接的电缆与海面船只相连接;铠装电缆接头的下方设置有液压动力头和传动件;传动件通过矩形传动螺纹与两侧的导轨相连接;传动件的上端通过花键与液压动力头相连接、下端通过螺纹与取样钻管相连接;钻机底座的下方设置有调平支腿;钻机底座上开设有取样钻孔;取样钻管从钻机底座的取样钻孔中穿出;In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a deep seabed conical spiral soil drilling rig, comprising a drilling rig base, a drilling rig support and a hydraulic system, the inner side of the drilling rig support is provided with a guide rail; the drilling rig support, the hydraulic system and the guide rail They are all installed on the base of the drilling rig; the upper end of the drilling rig bracket is provided with an armored cable joint, and the drilling rig is connected to the ship on the sea through the cable connected above the cable joint; the hydraulic power head and the transmission part are arranged under the armored cable joint; the transmission part passes through The rectangular transmission thread is connected with the guide rails on both sides; the upper end of the transmission part is connected with the hydraulic power head through the spline, and the lower end is connected with the sampling drill pipe through the thread; the leveling leg is set under the rig base; There is a sampling borehole; the sampling drill pipe passes through the sampling borehole at the base of the drilling rig;
取样钻管的下端设置有钻头、内部设置有密封器和样品管;密封器设置在取样钻管的底部中心;样品管设置在密封器的外围,下端与取样钻管的底部相连接;取样钻管的外围设置有螺旋叶片;钻机底座上设置有倾斜传感器;倾斜传感器通过数字传输模块与船只上的调平系统相连接。The lower end of the sampling drill pipe is provided with a drill bit, and the inside is provided with a sealer and a sample tube; the sealer is arranged at the bottom center of the sampling drill pipe; the sample tube is arranged on the periphery of the sealer, and the lower end is connected with the bottom of the sampling drill pipe; the sampling drill A helical blade is arranged on the periphery of the pipe; an inclination sensor is arranged on the base of the drilling rig; the inclination sensor is connected with the leveling system on the ship through a digital transmission module.
螺旋叶片采用不锈钢材料制成,螺旋叶片的外径从下到上逐渐变大。螺旋叶片的外径在取样钻管上按2mm/m的比例增加。The spiral blade is made of stainless steel, and the outer diameter of the spiral blade gradually increases from bottom to top. The outer diameter of the helical blade is increased by a ratio of 2mm/m on the sampling drill pipe.
密封器为花瓣型密封器,通过卡扣与取样钻管相连接。The sealer is a petal-shaped sealer, which is connected with the sampling drill pipe through buckles.
钻机支架2和导轨6均通过焊接与钻机底座3相连接。Both the drill support 2 and the guide rail 6 are connected to the drill base 3 by welding.
调平支腿为四个,通过液压系统进行调平支腿的调节。There are four leveling legs, and the adjustment of the leveling legs is carried out through the hydraulic system.
本发明还提供一种深海底锥形螺旋取土钻机的取土方法:具体步骤:The present invention also provides a soil extraction method of a deep seabed conical spiral soil extraction drilling rig: specific steps:
一、钻机下放:将上述深海底锥形螺旋取土钻机在海面船只上安装完毕后,通过铠装电缆下放到海中,海面船只通过铠装电缆进行信号传输,对钻机进行控制;1. Decentralization of the drilling rig: After the above-mentioned deep seabed conical spiral soil extraction drilling rig is installed on the surface ship, it is lowered into the sea through the armored cable, and the sea surface ship transmits signals through the armored cable to control the drilling rig;
二、钻机调平:上述钻机通过自身的重力到达海底之后,设置在钻机底座上的倾斜传感器开始测量钻机底座与海底的倾斜角,然后发出信号给调平系统,通过调平支腿实现钻机的调平;2. Drilling rig leveling: After the above-mentioned drilling rig reaches the bottom of the sea through its own gravity, the inclination sensor installed on the base of the drilling rig starts to measure the inclination angle between the base of the drilling rig and the bottom of the sea, and then sends a signal to the leveling system to realize the adjustment of the drilling rig by leveling the outriggers. Leveling;
三、钻机取样:上述钻机按步骤二的方法调平之后,海面船只将工作信号发送给液压动力头,液压动力头带动传动件和取样钻管一起转动,并在传动件和导轨之间的传动螺纹的作用下,一边通过钻头破开海底土层,一边向下钻进取样,样品通过钻头、花瓣型密封器进入样品管。3. Drilling rig sampling: After the above-mentioned drilling rig is leveled according to the method of step 2, the sea surface ship sends the working signal to the hydraulic power head, and the hydraulic power head drives the transmission part and the sampling drill pipe to rotate together, and the transmission between the transmission part and the guide rail Under the action of the screw thread, the drill bit breaks through the seabed soil layer, while drilling down to sample, and the sample enters the sample tube through the drill bit and the petal-shaped sealer.
四、取样封存:海面船只通过收绞铠装电缆将取样完成的钻机进行回收,在起拔过程中,花瓣型密封器剪断样品同时将样品封存在样品管内。4. Sampling and sealing: The sea surface ship recovers the drilling rig after sampling by twisting the armored cable. During the lifting process, the petal-shaped sealer cuts the sample and seals the sample in the sample tube.
本发明将取样钻管设计为一个中空、外套锥形螺旋叶片的结构,通过旋转取样钻管,在管外螺旋作用下产生向深部土层推进的贯入力,具有以下优点:In the present invention, the sampling drill pipe is designed as a hollow structure with conical helical blades on the outside. By rotating the sampling drill pipe, the penetrating force to the deep soil layer is generated under the helical action outside the pipe, which has the following advantages:
①、本发明结构简单,不需要较高的钻压,对设备重量没有太高要求,因此成本低廉;②、螺旋叶片采用由下往上逐渐增大外径,因此形成的钻孔上大下小,回拔时不易卡住,摩擦阻力小,可以实现快速回收取样钻管;③、采用低速旋转进行取样,不需排渣,系统功率小;④、本发明的取土方法采用慢速钻进,针对岩石和淤泥之间的土质底质,对土层扰动小,能够保留原状土层的信息。①. The structure of the present invention is simple, does not require high drilling pressure, and does not require too much equipment weight, so the cost is low; ②. The spiral blade adopts the method of gradually increasing the outer diameter from bottom to top, so the formed drilling hole is large up and down. Small, not easy to get stuck when pulling back, small frictional resistance, can realize rapid recovery of sampling drill pipe; ③, adopt low-speed rotation for sampling, no slag discharge is required, and the system power is small; ④, the method of soil extraction of the present invention adopts slow-speed drilling For the soil substrate between rocks and silt, the disturbance to the soil layer is small, and the information of the original soil layer can be preserved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
图2为图1的工作示意图。Fig. 2 is a working diagram of Fig. 1 .
图3为本发明锥形螺旋取样钻管的局部示意图。Fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of the tapered helical sampling drill pipe of the present invention.
图4为本发明钻头底部剖面图。Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the bottom of the drill bit of the present invention.
图5为本发明钻头的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the drill bit of the present invention.
图中:1、铠装电缆接头;2、钻机支架;3、钻机底座;4、液压动力头;5、传动件;6、导轨;7、取样钻管;8、样品管;9、花瓣型密封器;10、调平支腿;11、液压系统;12、螺旋叶片;13、钻头。In the figure: 1. Armored cable joint; 2. Drilling rig bracket; 3. Drilling rig base; 4. Hydraulic power head; 5. Transmission parts; 6. Guide rail; 7. Sampling drill pipe; 8. Sample tube; Sealer; 10. Leveling leg; 11. Hydraulic system; 12. Spiral blade; 13. Drill bit.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1-图2所示,本发明包括钻机底座3、钻机支架2和液压系统11,钻机支架2的内侧设置有导轨6;钻机支架2、液压系统11和导轨6均安装在钻机底座3上;其中,钻机支架2和导轨6均可通过焊接的方式与钻机底座3相连接。钻机支架2的上端设置有铠装电缆接头1,钻机通过电缆接头1上方连接的电缆与海面船只相连接;铠装电缆接头1的下方设置有液压动力头4和传动件5;传动件5通过矩形传动螺纹与两侧的导轨6相连接;传动件5的上端通过花键与液压动力头4相连接、下端通过螺纹与取样钻管7相连接;钻机底座3的下方设置有调平支腿10;钻机底座3上开设有取样钻孔;取样钻管7从钻机底座3的取样钻孔中穿出;As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 2, the present invention comprises rig base 3, rig support 2 and hydraulic system 11, and the inner side of rig support 2 is provided with guide rail 6; Drill support 2, hydraulic system 11 and guide rail 6 are all installed on rig base 3 Above; wherein, the drilling rig support 2 and the guide rail 6 can be connected to the drilling rig base 3 by welding. The upper end of the drilling rig support 2 is provided with an armored cable joint 1, and the drilling rig is connected to the ship on the sea through the cable connected above the cable joint 1; the hydraulic power head 4 and the transmission part 5 are arranged under the armored cable joint 1; the transmission part 5 passes through The rectangular transmission thread is connected with the guide rails 6 on both sides; the upper end of the transmission part 5 is connected with the hydraulic power head 4 through a spline, and the lower end is connected with the sampling drill pipe 7 through a thread; the bottom of the drilling rig base 3 is provided with leveling legs 10. A sampling borehole is provided on the base 3 of the drilling rig; the sampling drill pipe 7 passes through the sampling borehole of the base 3 of the drilling rig;
如图4-图5所示,取样钻管7的下端设置有钻头13、内部设置有密封器9和样品管8;密封器9设置在取样钻管7的底部中心;样品管8设置在密封器9的外围,下端与取样钻管7的底部相连接;取样钻管7的外围设置有螺旋叶片12;钻机底座3上设置有倾斜传感器;倾斜传感器通过数字传输模块与船只上的调平系统相连接。As shown in Figures 4-5, the lower end of the sampling drill pipe 7 is provided with a drill bit 13, and a sealer 9 and a sample tube 8 are arranged inside; the sealer 9 is arranged at the bottom center of the sampling drill pipe 7; The periphery of the device 9, the lower end is connected with the bottom of the sampling drill pipe 7; the periphery of the sampling drill pipe 7 is provided with a helical blade 12; the rig base 3 is provided with an inclination sensor; the inclination sensor communicates with the leveling system on the ship through a digital transmission module connected.
螺旋叶片12采用不锈钢材料制成,如图3所示,螺旋叶片12的外径在取样钻管7上按2mm/m的比例从下到上逐渐变大。The helical blade 12 is made of stainless steel. As shown in FIG. 3 , the outer diameter of the helical blade 12 gradually increases from bottom to top on the sampling drill pipe 7 at a ratio of 2mm/m.
本实施例采用花瓣型密封器,通过卡扣与取样钻管7的底部相连接,这种方式结构简单,连接和拆卸都比较方便。In this embodiment, a petal-shaped sealer is used to connect with the bottom of the sampling drill pipe 7 through buckles. This method has a simple structure and is convenient for connection and disassembly.
调平支腿10为四个,通过液压系统11进行调平支腿的调节。There are four leveling legs 10, and the adjustment of the leveling legs is carried out by a hydraulic system 11.
采用本发明进行深海海底的取土方法:具体取土步骤如下:Adopt the soil method that the present invention carries out deep-sea seabed: concrete soil fetching step is as follows:
(一)、钻机下放:将权利要求1的深海底锥形螺旋取土钻机在海面船只上安装完毕后,通过铠装电缆下放到海中,海面船只通过铠装电缆进行信号传输,对钻机进行控制;(1), drilling rig decentralization: after the deep seabed conical spiral soil extraction drilling rig of claim 1 is installed on the sea surface ship, it is lowered into the sea through the armored cable, and the sea surface ship carries out signal transmission through the armored cable to control the drilling rig ;
(二)、钻机调平:上述钻机通过自身的重力到达海底之后,设置在钻机底座3上的倾斜传感器开始测量钻机底座3与海底的倾斜角,然后发出信号给调平系统,通过调平支腿10实现钻机的调平;(2) Drilling rig leveling: After the above-mentioned drilling rig reaches the seabed by its own gravity, the inclination sensor arranged on the drilling rig base 3 begins to measure the inclination angle between the drilling rig base 3 and the seabed, and then sends a signal to the leveling system. Leg 10 realizes the leveling of the drilling rig;
(三)、钻机取样:上述钻机按步骤二的方法调平之后,海面船只将工作信号发送给液压动力头4,液压动力头4带动传动件5和取样钻管7一起转动,并在传动件5和导轨6之间的传动螺纹的作用下,一边通过钻头13破开海底土层,一边向下钻进取样,样品通过钻头13、花瓣型密封器9进入样品管8。(3), drilling rig sampling: After the above-mentioned drilling rig is leveled according to the method of step 2, the ship on the sea sends the working signal to the hydraulic power head 4, and the hydraulic power head 4 drives the transmission part 5 and the sampling drill pipe 7 to rotate together, and in the transmission part 5 and the effect of the transmission thread between the guide rail 6, while breaking the seabed soil layer by the drill bit 13, while drilling down to sample, the sample enters the sample tube 8 through the drill bit 13 and the petal-shaped sealer 9.
(四)、取样封存:海面船只通过收绞铠装电缆将取样完成的钻机进行回收,在起拔过程中,花瓣型密封器9剪断样品同时将样品封存在样品管8内。(4), sampling and sealing: the sea surface ship reclaims the drill rig that has been sampled by twisting the armored cable. During the lifting process, the petal-shaped sealer 9 cuts the sample and seals the sample in the sample tube 8 at the same time.
本发明的深海底土样取样方法,不同于对海底软泥的重力取样方法和对海底硬岩的圆管钻进取样方法,通过取样钻管7外侧设置的螺旋叶片12的旋转产生的钻进力破开海底土层,通过传动件5与导轨6间的传动螺纹将液压动力头4的旋转力转化为匀速稳定的向下钻进的力,使取样钻管7慢慢钻进到深部土层,对土样扰动小,因此获得的土样能够较为完整的保留原状土层的信息,这样对根据得到的土样进行后续分析和实验结果更为准确。The deep seabed soil sample sampling method of the present invention is different from the gravity sampling method to seabed soft mud and the circular pipe drilling sampling method to seabed hard rock. Break the seabed soil layer with force, convert the rotational force of the hydraulic power head 4 into a uniform and stable downward drilling force through the transmission thread between the transmission part 5 and the guide rail 6, so that the sampling drill pipe 7 slowly drills into the deep soil Therefore, the obtained soil samples can retain the information of the original soil layer relatively completely, so that the follow-up analysis and experimental results based on the obtained soil samples are more accurate.
本发明借鉴自钻螺钉的工作原理,将取样钻管7设计为一个中空、外套锥形螺旋叶片的结构,通过旋转取样钻管,在管外螺旋叶片作用下产生向深部土层推进的贯入力。本发明将取样钻管7外设置的螺旋叶片设置成上大下小,形成一个锥形,因此形成的钻孔随深度增加,口径减小,回拔时不易与孔壁摩擦,可以实现快速回拔。The present invention draws on the working principle of the self-drilling screw, and designs the sampling drill pipe 7 as a hollow structure with conical helical blades on the outside. By rotating the sampling drill pipe, the penetrating force to the deep soil layer is generated under the action of the helical blades outside the pipe. . In the present invention, the helical blades arranged outside the sampling drill pipe 7 are set to be large at the top and small at the bottom to form a cone shape. Therefore, the formed borehole increases with the depth and the caliber decreases. pull.
上述实施方式并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的技术方案范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也均属于本发明的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiments are not limitations to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention also belong to this invention. protection scope of the invention.
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