CN106865776A - 一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统 - Google Patents
一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106865776A CN106865776A CN201710158679.0A CN201710158679A CN106865776A CN 106865776 A CN106865776 A CN 106865776A CN 201710158679 A CN201710158679 A CN 201710158679A CN 106865776 A CN106865776 A CN 106865776A
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003628 erosive Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
Abstract
本发明公开了一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，包括沉沙集水池、旋转净化渠和蓄水池，所述沉沙集水池设置在低洼地顶部；所述旋转净化渠沿着低洼地四周呈螺旋状旋转向下设置，由若干混凝土挡板隔离成若干净化单元，所述净化单元由上往下依次设置防冲刷层、土壤层、粗沙层、净化层，所述土壤层与净化层内设置有吸水盘，所述净化层两侧延伸至净化单元表层，剖面呈U型分布，所述净化层与土壤层、粗沙层接触部位设置有透水土工布；所述蓄水池设置在低洼地底部，底部设置有抽水水泵。本发明不仅可以绿化美化环境，而且可以吸收水体中重金属等有害物质，对城市面源污染控制、雨水净化再利用及海绵城市建设具有重要的参考意义。
Description
一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统
技术领域
[0001]本发明属于海绵城市雨水蓄积和净化技术领域，尤其涉及一种海绵城市低洼地多 级叠水旋转净化系统。
背景技术
[0002]海绵城市是指城市能够像海绵一样，在适应环境变化和应对自然灾害等方面具有 良好的“弹性”，下雨时吸水、蓄水、渗水、净水，需要时将蓄存的水“释放”并加以利用。海绵 城市建设应遵循生态优先等原则，将自然途径与人工措施相结合，在确保城市排水防涝安 全的前提下，最大限度地实现雨水在城市区域的积存、渗透和净化，促进雨水资源的利用和 生态环境保护。
[0003]随着农业生产过程中大量施用农药、化肥且施用时期较为集中，在雨水的冲刷下 会进入河道水体中，造成水体富营养化，影响河道生态环境，据有关部门调查全国近75% 的湖泊出现了不同程度的富营养化，90%城市水域污染严重。另外，城市面源污染物也被雨 水携带大量进入河道水体，造成河道水质的严重污染，降雨径流污染已成为仅次于农业非 点源污染的第二大非点源污染。当前，我国每年的工业污水和生活污水排放量都在逐年增 加，而这些排放的污水中的核心污染问题是氮、磷富营养化，实现雨水的生态净化排放具有 重要的意义。
[0004]雨水作为城市水资源的一个重要来源，将雨水收集净化后再利用，既可以减轻城 市防洪排涝压力，降低管网工程建设成本;又可以调节、补充地区水资源。海绵城市作为修 复城市水生态的一条路径，能够实现水的循环利用和再生利用，节约用水，解决越来越多的 城市所面临的水环境日益加重的生态危机，最大限度地减少对城市原有水生态环境的破 坏。
[0005]现有的各项海绵城市生态措施仍存在一定弊端，如传统植草沟，主要以渗水为目 的，径流削减量很有限;而传统小型生态湿地主要设置在平坦开阔的地带或小区里，容易造 成水质恶化，蚊虫滋生，影响区域环境;雨水花园景观效果较好，但是没考虑雨水净化收集 利用问题。现有生态净化床或人工净化湿地则存在占地面积大，需要人为制造出一定的水 力坡度以实现水流在重力下自然流动。另外，对于容易产生内涝的城市来说，通常存在较多 低洼地带，若能结合自然的低洼地带开发出一种不仅可以绿化美化城市环境，而且还可以 缓解城市雨洪压力，吸收雨水中的污染物，实现海绵城市雨水利用节能利用，同时具有综合 功能的旋转净化系统，对海绵城市建设具有重要的参考意义。
发明内容
[0006]针对背景技术中的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋 转净化系统，它不仅可以绿化美化环境，而且可以吸收水体中重金属等有害物质，城市面源 污染控制、雨水净化再利用及海绵城市建设具有重要参考意义。
[0007]为了解决上述技术问题，本发明一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统采用 的技术方案:包括沉沙集水池、旋转净化渠和蓄水池，所述沉沙集水池设置在低洼地顶部， 沉沙集水池的顶部设有检修盖板，上部设有进水孔，中部设有出水孔，下部为漏斗形的出沙 孔，所述出沙孔与出沙管道相连;所述旋转净化渠沿着低洼地四周呈螺旋状旋转向下设置， 由若干混凝土挡板隔离成若干净化单元，所述净化单元由上往下依次设置防冲刷层、土壤 层、粗沙层、净化层，所述土壤层与净化层内设置有吸水盘，所述净化层两侧延伸至净化单 元表层，剖面呈U型分布，所述净化层与土壤层、粗沙层接触部位设置有透水土工布;所述蓄 水池设置在低洼地底部，蓄水池上部设置有进水孔和溢水孔，底部设置有抽水水栗。
[0008] 优选地，所述吸水盘为由中空管连接的上、下两个相同的空心圆盘，所述中空管和 空心圆盘内部填充有吸水材料，所述圆盘表面分布若干渗水孔。 优选地，所述吸水材料为高吸水纤维、吸水海绵或高吸水性树脂。
[0009] 优选地，所述混凝土挡板顶部设置有叠水孔，所述叠水孔的沿水流方向的一侧设 置有防冲刷卵石堆。
[0010] 优选地，所述净化单元的土壤层内种植有根系发达的水生植物。
[0011] 优选地，所述防冲刷层由粒径1〜2cm的卵石层或防冲刷土工布构成，所述土壤层由 淤泥质或粘土质土壤构成，所述净化层由卵石或陶粒与活性炭混合组成，活性碳所占的比 例不少于20%。
[0012] 优选地，所述进水孔和出水孔均设置有拦污栅。
[0013] 优选地，所述沉沙集水池和蓄水池内部用水泥砂浆抹面，并做防渗处理。
[0014] 优选地，所述抽水水泵与市政消防或灌溉管网相连，所述溢水孔与市政雨水管网 连接。
[0015] 与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于:通过设置净化层，以净化雨水、河水为 主，水流呈现折流状态，延长了雨水净化路径，可以大量吸附水体中的污染物，减少水体的 富营养化，达到净化水体减少污染的目的;通过设置吸水盘，可以将净化层底部的水分不断 的输送到植物根部，长期为地面上的绿色植物提供生长所需要的水分，实现自动灌溉，减少 人工浇灌成本;通过设置土壤层，在净化单元种种植根系发达的水生植物，吸收净化层中的 有机质及氮、磷、钾等元素，促进植物本身生长，合理配置的景观植物，可以做成特殊的、错 落有致的旋转山地景观，具有缓解区域热岛效应和改善区域小气候的作用;该结构依据天 然的低洼地形设置的螺旋多级生态净化渠，采用土壤-植物-净化材料综合净化技术，由低 洼地顶部向下依次形成叠水，不但具有高效的净化效果，而且施工开挖量少，修建方便，景 观性好，符合生态、经济、景观等各方面要求，是一种实用的多功能型净化系统。
附图说明
[0016] 图1是本发明整体结构示意图； 图2是本发明整体结构俯视图； 图3是本发明沿生态净化渠轴线剖面图； 图4是本发明吸水盘结构示意图； 图例说明：1-沉沙集水池；2-旋转净化渠;3-蓄水池;4-检修盖板;5-沉沙集水池进水 孔;6-出沙孔;7-沉沙集水池出水孔;8-拦污栅;9-混凝土挡板；10-叠水孔；11-防冲刷层； 12-土壤层；13-粗沙层；14-净化层；15-透水土工布；16-吸水盘;16.1-空心圆盘；16.2-中空 官；ie •3-渗水扎；16 • 4-吸水材料；n-防冲刷卵石堆；18—蓄水池进水孔；19_蓄水池溢水孔； 20-水流流向；21-沉沙;22-抽水水泵;23-市政消防或灌溉管网;24-水生植物。
具体实施方式
[0017]下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细说明。
[0018]参见图丨―图4,本发明一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，包括沉沙集水 池1、旋转净化渠2和蓄水池3,沉沙集水池丨设置在低洼地顶部，沉沙集水池丨的顶部设有检 修盖板2，七部设有沉沙集水池进水孔5,中部设有沉沙集水池出水孔7，沉沙集水池出水孔7 设置有拦污栅8，下部为漏斗形的出沙孔6，出沙孔6与出沙管道相连;旋转净化渠2沿着低洼 地四周呈螺旋状旋转向下设置，由若干混凝土挡板9隔离成若干净化单元，混凝土挡板9顶 部设置有叠水孔10,所述叠水孔10的沿水流方向的一侧设置有防冲刷卵石堆17,净化单元 由上往下依次设置防冲刷层11、土壤层12、粗沙层13、净化层14,净化单元的土壤层12内种 植有根系发达的水生植物24,土壤层12与净化层14内设置有吸水盘16,吸水盘16为由中空 管16.2连接的上、下两个相同的空心圆盘16.1，中空管16.2和空心圆盘16.1内部填充有吸 水材料16_4,吸水材料16.4为高吸水纤维、吸水海绵或高吸水性树脂，空心圆盘16.1表面分 布若干渗水孔16.3,净化层14两侧延伸至净化单元表层，剖面呈U型分布，净化层14与土壤 层12、粗沙层13接触部位设置有透水土工布15;蓄水池3设置在低洼地底部，蓄水池3上部设 置有蓄水池进水孔18和蓄水池溢水孔19，蓄水池进水孔18设置有拦污栅8，底部设置有抽水 水泵22,抽水水泵22与市政消防或灌溉管网23相连，蓄水池溢水孔19与市政雨水管网连接。 [0019]参见图3,防冲刷层11由粒径1〜2cm的卵石层或防冲刷土工布构成，土壤层12由淤 泥质或粘土质土壤构成，净化层14由卵石或陶粒与活性炭混合组成，活性碳所占的比例不 少于20%。沉沙集水池1和蓄水池3内部用水泥砂浆抹面，并做防渗处理。
[0020] 参见图1、图3，本发明旋转净化渠水流净化过程:水流从低洼地顶部第一个净化单 元的U型净化层的一端开始，水流呈下降状态，直至到达U型净化层底部后，水流呈现上升状 态，直到水流在重力作用下经过混凝土挡板9顶部的叠水孔10,流入下一个旋转净化单元， 水流又呈下降状态，如此反复以实现水流的曲折性，由低洼地顶部向下依次形成叠水，延长 净化路径，增加水体与净化单元的接触，提高水体净化效率。
[0021] 依据现有地形建立沉沙集水池1、旋转净化渠2和蓄水池3，沉沙集水池1起到沉砂 和初步过滤作用，旋转净化渠2兼顾净化与微生物降解功能，蓄水池3将净化后的雨水存蓄 后，可以供市政灌溉或消防再利用，最大限度地减少对城市原有水生态环境的破坏，实现了 雨水的生态净化利用。
[0022] 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，本领域的普通技术人员应当 理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨 和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (9)
1.一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，包括沉沙集水池、旋转净化渠和蓄水 池，其特征在于:所述沉沙集水池设置在低洼地顶部，沉沙集水池的顶部设有检修盖板，上 部设有进水孔，中部设有出水孔，下部为漏斗形的出沙孔，所述出沙孔与出沙管道相连;所 述旋转净化渠沿着低洼地四周呈螺旋状旋转向下设置，由若干混凝土挡板隔离成若干净化 单元，所述净化单元由上往下依次设置防冲刷层、土壤层、粗沙层、净化层，所述土壤层与净 化层内设置有吸水盘，所述净化层两侧延伸至净化单元表层，剖面呈U型分布，所述净化层 与土壤层、粗沙层接触部位设置有透水土工布;所述蓄水池设置在低洼地底部，蓄水池上部 设置有进水孔和溢水孔，底部设置有抽水水泵。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，其特征在于:所 述吸水盘为由中空管连接的上、下两个相同的空心圆盘，所述中空管和空心圆盘内部填充 有吸水材料，所述圆盘表面分布若干渗水孔。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，其特征在于:所 述吸水材料为高吸水纤维、吸水海绵或高吸水性树脂。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，其特征在于:所 述混凝土挡板顶部设置有叠水孔，所述叠水孔的沿水流方向的一侧设置有防冲刷卵石堆。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，其特征在于:所 述净化单元的土壤层内种植有根系发达的水生植物。 /
6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统、，其特征在于:所 述防冲刷层由粒径1〜2cm的卵石层或防冲刷土工布构成，所述土壤层由齡泥质或粘土质土 壤构成，所述净化层由卵石或陶粒与活性炭混合组成，活性碳所占的比例不少于2/〇%。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，其特征在于:所 述进水孔和出水孔均设置有拦污栅。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系统，其特征在于:所 述沉沙集水池和蓄水池内部用水泥砂浆抹面，并做防渗处理。 ，
9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种海绵城市低洼地多级叠水旋转净化系，，其特征在于:所 述抽水水泵与市政消防或灌溉管网相连，所述溢水孔与市政雨水管网连接。
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