CN106862460B - A kind of occlusion finish forge device of step axis blank - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a block precision forging device for a stepped shaft blank. A guide and limit cylinder is fixed on a lower mold base, a resistance unit is fixed on the bottom of the guide and limit cylinder, and a support plate is fixed on the top of the resistance unit; The lower mold core and the prestressing ring arranged on the axis, the prestressing ring and the lower mold core are fastened together by interference fit, the prestressing ring is arranged on the outer periphery of the lower mold core; the upper mold is arranged above the lower mold core and the prestressing ring; The lower mold core is provided with a mold cavity, and an upper slider structure and a lower slider structure for forming the upper and lower steps of the workpiece with the lower mold core are installed in the mold cavity; the center hole of the lower mold base is equipped with a The center hole of the mold base moves the lower ejector rod up and down; the upper ejector rod is placed on the upper end of the lower ejector rod; the upper ejector rod extends to the lower mold core center hole of the lower mold core. The invention can complete the forming of the complex blank on one piece of equipment, has the advantages of high production efficiency, good streamline and good quality of forgings, and is easy to realize mechanization and automation.

Description

A Closed Precision Forging Device for Stepped Shaft Blanks

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal forming, in particular to a closed precision forging device for a stepped shaft blank.

Background technique

The shaft is generally designed to be stepped according to its use requirements, and its blank forming methods generally include bar forging, multi-pass extrusion pier forming, cross wedge rolling forming, radial forging or rotary forging, etc. Bar forging has problems such as low efficiency and low material utilization rate. The production efficiency of multi-pass extrusion piers is low and multi-station equipment is required, while cross wedge rolling, radial forging or rotary forging all require special equipment.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a closed precision forging device for stepped shaft blanks to solve the problem of low efficiency in the existing traditional forging and extrusion, but cross wedge rolling, radial forging or rotary forging require special equipment and require large investment. question. The invention can complete the forming of the complex blank on one piece of equipment, and has the characteristics of high production efficiency, good streamline and quality of forgings, and easy realization of mechanization and automation.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A block precision forging device for a stepped shaft blank, comprising an upper mold, a lower mold core, an upper slider structure, a lower slider structure, a prestressing ring, a guide limiting cylinder, a support plate and a lower mold base; the guiding and limiting cylinder is fixed On the lower mold base, a resistance unit is fixed on the bottom of the guide limit cylinder, and a support plate is fixed on the top of the resistance unit; the lower mold core and the prestressed ring arranged coaxially are placed on the support plate, and the prestressed ring and the lower mold core pass through The interference fit is fastened together, the prestressed ring is set on the outer periphery of the lower mold core; the upper mold is set above the lower mold core and the prestressed ring, fixed on the press slider, and can move up and down with the press slider; the lower mold The core is provided with a cavity, and an upper slider structure and a lower slider structure are installed in the cavity to cooperate with the lower mold core to form the upper and lower steps of the workpiece; the center hole of the lower mold base is equipped with a The center hole of the lower ejector rod moves up and down; the upper ejector rod is placed on the upper end of the lower ejector rod; the upper ejector rod extends to the center hole of the lower mold core of the lower mold core.

Further, the resistance unit is an oil cylinder, and the oil cylinder is fixed on the lower mold base through a step hole; a plunger is installed in the oil cylinder, and the plunger can move up and down along the oil cylinder under the control of oil pressure; a limit block is fixed on the upper end of the oil cylinder for The movement of the plunger is limited; the upper end of the plunger is fixed with a support plate.

Further, a positioning groove is provided at the center of the lower surface of the upper die for positioning the bar when forming.

Further, the lower mold core is axially provided with a lower mold core center hole, a lower step hole and an upper step hole, wherein the diameter of the upper step hole is equal to the diameter of the upper step of the workpiece, and the diameter of the lower step hole is equal to the lower step of the workpiece diameter of.

Further, the top of the lower mold core is provided with symmetrically arranged cross-shaped openings, and each opening position is provided with an upper guide chute and a lower guide chute on the outer circumference of the lower mold core; each upper guide chute is equipped with a The upper slider structure, each lower guide chute is equipped with a lower slider structure; the upper slider structure includes an upper slider, an upper elastic element and an upper stopper; the upper slider includes an upper forming block and an upper guide connected to each other The front end of the upper forming block has an upper working surface; the two sides of the upper forming block match the side walls corresponding to the opening set by the cross; the upper guide block is installed in the upper guide chute; the front end of the upper guide block is provided with a front positioning surface , the front positioning surface of the upper guide block cooperates with the front end positioning surface of the upper guide chute to position the radial movement of the upper slider; one end of the upper elastic element is held against the hole on the rear end surface of the upper guide block, The other end bears against the hole on the upper block, and the upper block is fastened in the upper guide chute; the structure of the lower block includes the lower block, the lower elastic element and the lower block; the lower block includes interconnected lower forming The front end of the lower forming block has a lower working surface; the two sides of the lower forming block cooperate with the side walls corresponding to the openings provided by the cross; the lower guiding block is installed in the lower guiding chute; the front end of the lower guiding block is set There is a front positioning surface, and the front positioning surface of the lower guide block cooperates with the front end positioning surface of the lower guide chute to position the radial movement of the lower slider; one end of the lower elastic element is held against the rear end surface of the lower guide block In the hole, the other end bears against the hole of the lower stopper, and the lower stopper is fastened in the lower guide chute.

Further, the upper working surface is an arc surface, and its radian is the same as that of the upper step; the upper guide block moves outward in the radial direction, and the rear end face reaches the limit position when it touches the front end face of the upper stopper, at this time, the four upper working faces The surface and the inner surface of the upper step hole form a complete circular surface. The diameter of the circular surface is the same as that of the upper step, and the height is the same as the height of the upper step; the lower working surface is an arc surface, and its arc is the same as that of the lower step. The same; the lower guide block moves outward in the radial direction, and the rear end surface reaches the limit position when it hits the front end surface of the lower stopper. At this time, the four lower working surfaces and the inner surface of the lower stepped hole form a complete circular surface. The diameter of the circular face is the same as that of the lower step, and the height is the same as that of the lower step.

Further, the upper elastic element and the lower elastic element are springs or controllable hydraulic resistance elements.

Further, the upper block is fixed in the upper guide chute; the lower stop is fixed in the lower guide chute.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1) The two stepped shafts can be completed in one press, which is characterized by high efficiency.

2) The product has high forming precision and high material utilization rate.

3) It can be realized on ordinary presses, with low requirements on equipment and good processing flexibility.

4) The economic benefit is significantly improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of bar stock;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of workpiece;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram when forging of forming device starts;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram at the end of forging of the forming device;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of upper mold;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of lower mold core;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of upper slider;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the lower slider;

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of upper block;

Fig. 10 is the schematic diagram of lower block;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view along line A-A in Fig. 3;

Fig. 12 is a sectional view along the line B-B in Fig. 3;

Fig. 13 is a sectional view along line C-C in Fig. 4;

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view along line D-D in Fig. 4 .

Detailed ways

Please refer to Fig. 1, bar 1 is a cylindrical metal bar. Please refer to shown in Fig. 2, the final workpiece 2 to be molded includes a cylindrical main body 203 and an upper step 201 and a lower step 202 arranged on the upper part of the main body 203, the diameter of the upper step 201 is greater than the diameter of the lower step 202; The diameter is smaller than the diameter of the upper step 201 and larger than the diameter of the main body 203 .

Please refer to Fig. 3 to Fig. 14, a block precision forging device for a stepped shaft blank in the present invention includes an upper mold 3, a lower mold core 4, an upper slider structure 5, a lower slider structure 6, a prestressing ring 7, Guide limit cylinder 8, support plate 9, oil cylinder 13 and lower mold base 14.

The guide limit cylinder 8 is fixed on the lower mold base 14, and the guide limit cylinder 8 fixes the oil cylinder 13 on the lower mold base 14 through the stepped hole. A plunger 12 is housed in the oil cylinder 13, and the plunger 12 can move up and down along the oil cylinder 13 under the control of oil pressure. A limiting block 11 is fixed on the upper end of the oil cylinder 13 for limiting the movement of the plunger 12 . The upper end of the plunger 12 is fixed with a support plate 9 . The lower mold core 4 and the prestressed ring 7 arranged coaxially are placed on the support plate 9 , the prestressed ring 7 and the lower mold core 4 are fastened together by interference fit, and the prestressed ring 7 is arranged on the outer periphery of the lower mold core 4 . The lower ejector rod 15 is installed in the center hole of the lower die base 14, which can move up and down along the center hole of the lower die base 14; out.

Please refer to Figure 5, the center of the lower surface 31 of the upper mold 3 is provided with a positioning groove 32, which is used to position the blank 1 during forming; after the mold is closed, the lower surface 31 contacts the lower mold core 4, and pushes the lower mold core 4 downlink.

Please refer to shown in Fig. 3,4,6, the axial direction of lower die core 4 is provided with central hole 43, lower stepped hole 42 and upper stepped hole 41, wherein the diameter of upper stepped hole 41 is greater than the diameter of lower stepped hole 42, The diameter of the lower step hole 42 is greater than the diameter of the center hole 43, wherein the diameter of the upper step hole 41 equals the diameter of the upper step 201 of the workpiece 2, and the diameter of the lower step hole 42 equals the diameter of the lower step 202 of the workpiece 2; The workpiece is ejected, and draft angles are all provided on the center hole 43 , the lower step hole 42 and the upper step hole 41 . The upper mold 3 is coaxially arranged above the lower mold core 4 and the prestressing ring 7, fixed on the press slide block, and can move up and down with the press slide block.

The top of the lower mold core 4 is provided with symmetrically arranged cross-shaped openings 40, and each opening position is provided with an upper guide chute 44 and a lower guide chute 45 on the outer circumference of the lower mold core; the front end of the upper guide chute 44 has a front end positioning Face 441, the rear end has rear end positioning surface; The lower guide chute 45 front end has front end positioning surface 451, and the rear end has rear end positioning surface; An upper slide block 51 is installed in each upper guide chute 44, each lower A lower slider 61 is installed in the guide chute 45 .

The upper slide block 51 includes an upper forming block 5100 and an upper guide block 5101 connected to each other. The front end of the upper forming block 5100 has an upper working surface 512, and the upper working surface 512 has a draft angle of 1 degree; the two sides of the upper forming block 5100 It is a side guide slide surface 513, which is used to cooperate with the side wall of the corresponding opening. The top of the upper forming block 5100 is provided with an upper guide slide surface 511; the upper guide block 5101 is installed in the upper guide slide groove 44, and the upper guide slide groove 44 The width is greater than the width of the opening; the width of the upper guide block 5101 is greater than the width of the upper forming block 5100, and the front end of the upper guide block 5101 is provided with a front positioning surface 514, and the front positioning surface 514 and the front end positioning surface 441 of the upper guide chute 44 cooperate , the movement of the upper slider 51 radially downward to the center of the mold core 4 is positioned; the upper elastic element 52 and the upper stopper 53 are also installed in the upper guide chute 44; the ear parts 534 on both sides of the upper stopper 53 are provided with threads hole 533, and the upper stopper 53 is fixed in the upper guide chute 44 through two threaded holes 533 by screws; Slide block 51 outward sliding limit position; Front end surface 532 of upper block 53 is provided with groove 531; The rear end of upper elastic element 52 is installed in groove 531, and the front end of upper elastic element 52 is installed in the recess of guide block 5101. One end of the upper elastic element 52 is abutted against the rear end surface 515 of the upper guide block 5101 , and the other end is abutted against the upper stopper 53 . The upper working surface 512 is an arc surface, and its radian is the same as that of the upper step 201; the upper guide block 5101 moves radially outwards, and the rear end face 515 touches the front end face 532 of the upper stop block 53, reaching the limit position, and the four A working surface 512 and the inner surface of the upper step hole 41 surround a complete circular surface, the diameter of the circular surface is the same as that of the upper step 201 , and the height is the same as that of the upper step 201 .

The lower block 61 includes a lower forming block 6100 and a lower guide block 6101 connected to each other. The front end of the lower forming block 6100 has a lower working surface 612, and the lower working surface 612 has a draft angle of 1 degree; the two sides of the lower forming block 6100 It is a side guide sliding surface 613, which is used to cooperate with the side wall of the corresponding opening. The top of the lower forming block 6100 is provided with an upper guide sliding surface 61; the lower guide block 6101 is installed in the lower guide chute 45, and the lower guide chute 45 The width is greater than the width of the opening; the width of the lower guide block 6101 is greater than the width of the lower forming block 6100, the front end of the lower guide block 6101 is provided with a front positioning surface 614, and the cooperation of the front positioning surface 614 and the front end positioning surface 451 of the lower guide chute, Position the movement of the lower slider 61 radially downward to the center of the mold core 4; the lower elastic element 62 and the lower stopper 63 are also installed in the lower guide chute 45; threaded holes are provided on the ears 634 on both sides of the lower stopper 63 633, the lower stop block 63 is fixed in the lower guide chute 45 through two threaded holes 633 by screws; the front end face 632 of the lower stop block 63 is used as the rear end positioning surface of the lower guide chute 45 rear end, for limiting the lower block The sliding limit position of 61; the front end surface 632 of the lower block 63 is provided with a groove 631; the rear end of the lower elastic element 62 is installed in the groove 631, and the front end of the lower elastic element 62 is installed in the groove of the lower guide block 6101; One end of the elastic element 62 abuts against the rear end surface 615 of the lower guide block 6101 , and the other end abuts against the lower stopper 63 . The working surface 612 is an arc surface, and its radian is the same as that of the lower step 202; the lower guide block 6101 moves radially outwards, and when the rear end face 615 hits the front end face 632 of the lower stop block 63, it reaches the limit position. A lower working surface 612 and the inner surface of the lower step hole 42 surround a complete circular surface, the diameter of the circular surface is the same as that of the lower step 202 , and the height is the same as that of the lower step 202 .

In the present invention, the upper die 3 is connected with the slide block of the press, and moves up and down under the drive of the slide block of the press. The lower mold base 14 is fixed on the press table.

In the present invention, the workpiece 2 is obtained by sawing the bar material 1—weighing and sorting—shot blasting—pre-coated graphite—heating—one-step block multi-directional forging.

The process of a closed precision forging device for a stepped shaft blank of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1) Put the heated bar material 1 into the lower mold core 4, the upper sliders 51 of the four upper slider structures 5 and the lower sliders 61 of the four lower slider structures 6 are placed on the upper elastic element 52 and the lower one respectively. Under the action of the elastic element 62, it approaches the bar 1, and the upper mold 3 is pressed down. After the mold is closed, the upper mold 3, the lower mold core 4 and the prestressing ring 7 overcome the resistance of the oil cylinder 13 and move downward synchronously under the action of the press, and the bar 1 Fill the cavity under the extrusion of the upper die 3,

2) The four upper sliders 51 bear the same back pressure Fs, while the four lower sliders 61 bear the same back pressure Fx, and Fx is greater than Fs,

3) During the downward movement of the upper mold 3 and the lower mold core 4, the pressure in the mold cavity increases, because the bar 1 is supported by the upper slider 51 and the lower slider 61 around, and because the four upper sliders 51 and the four lower sliders 61 each bear the same back pressure, so the bar only upsets and does not bend.

4) Since Fx is greater than Fs, when the pressure P in the mold cavity increases to the back pressure Fs borne by the four upper sliders 51, the four upper sliders move radially outward, and as the cavity pressure further increases, When the back pressure Fx borne by the four lower sliders 61 increases, the four lower sliders 61 also start to move radially outward.

Since Fx is greater than Fs, the blanks in contact with the four upper sliders 51 flow radially outward at a high speed, while the blanks in contact with the four lower sliders 61 flow radially outward at a slow speed.

5) Finally, the two arrive at the limit positions simultaneously or successively, the four upper sliders 51 are blocked by the upper gauge material 53, and the four lower sliders 61 are blocked by the lower stopper 63, and the forming is completed.

6) Then, during the return stroke of the press, while the upper die 3 is moving upwards, the resistance unit pushes the lower die 4 and the prestressed ring 7 to move upward synchronously with the upper die 3, when the prestressed ring 7 touches the limit device of the guide limit cylinder 8 , the lower mold moves to the upper limit position, stops upward after being blocked by the top of the guide limit cylinder 8, at this time, the upper mold 3 continues to move upward, and the mold is opened.

7) The lower ejector rod 15 pushes upwards, and the workpiece 2 is ejected through the upper ejector rod 10, and the workpiece 2 is clamped by the manipulator and sent to the subsequent working step. At the same time, the four upper sliders 51 and the four lower sliders 61 reset under the action of the upper elastic element 52 and the lower elastic element 62, waiting for the next forming.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of occlusion finish forge device of step axis blank, which is characterized in that including upper mold (3), lower mold core (4), top shoe knot Structure (5), downslide block structure (6), shrink ring (7), guide and limit cylinder (8), support plate (9) and lower die holder (14)；

Guide and limit cylinder (8) is fixed on lower die holder (14), and the bottom of guide and limit cylinder is fixed with resistance unit, resistance unit Top is fixed with support plate (9)；The lower mold core (4) and shrink ring (7) of coaxial arrangement, prestressing force are placed in support plate (9) Circle (7) and lower mold core (4) are tightened together by interference fit, and shrink ring (7) is set to lower mold core (4) periphery；

Upper mold (3) coaxial arrangement is fixed on above lower mold core (4) and shrink ring (7) on press ram, can be with pressure Machine sliding block moves up and down；

Lower mold core (4) is equipped with cavity, is equipped in cavity for shaping step shaft-like work (2) top bar with lower mold core (4) cooperation (201) and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation the top shoe structure (5) and downslide block structure (6) of (202)；

The centre bore of lower die holder (14) is equipped with can be along the centre bore up and down motion lower push rod (15) of lower die holder (14)；Lower push rod (15) upper ends upper ejector pin (10)；Upper ejector pin (10) extends in the lower mold core centre bore (43) of lower mold core (4)；

The lower surface center of upper mold (3) is set there are one locating slot (32), is positioned to bar (1) when for shaping；

The axial direction of lower mold core (4) is equipped with lower mold core centre bore (43), hole of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation (42) and top bar hole (41), wherein appearing on the stage The diameter in rank hole (41) is equal to the diameter of the top bar (201) of workpiece (2), and the diameter of hole of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation (42) is equal to workpiece (2) It gets out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation the diameter of (202)；

The cross-shaped aperture (40) being provided symmetrically at the top of lower mold core (4), outer circle of each aperture position in lower mold core (4) Week is equipped with upper guide runner (44) and lower guide runner (45)；Each installed there are one top shoe structure (5) in upper guide runner (44), Each there are one downslide block structures (6) for installation in lower guide runner (45)；

Top shoe structure (5) includes top shoe (51), upper elastic element (52) and upper stopper (53)；Top shoe (51) includes mutual The front end of the upper forming block (5100) of connection and upper guide pad (5101), upper forming block (5100) has upper working face (512)；On The corresponding side wall cooperation of opening (40) in the side slide guide face (513) and cross setting that shape the both sides of block (5100)；Upper guide pad (5101) it is installed in guide runner (44)；The front end of upper guide pad (5101) is equipped with prelocalization face (514), upper guide pad (5101) front end positioning surface (441) cooperation in prelocalization face (514) and upper guide runner (44), radially downward to top shoe (51) The movement at mold core (4) center is positioned；Upper elastic element (52) one end supports the rear end face (515) in upper guide pad (5101) On hole in, the other end supports in the hole (531) in upper stopper (53), and upper stopper (53) is fastened in guide runner (44)；

Downslide block structure (6) includes sliding block (61), lower elastic element (62) lower stopper (63)；Sliding block (61) includes mutually interconnecting The front end of the lower forming block (6100) connect and lower guide pad (6101), lower forming block (6100) has lower working face (612)；It is lower at The corresponding side wall cooperation of the opening (40) of the side slide guide face (613) of the both sides of shape block (6100) and cross setting；Lower guide pad (6101) it is installed in lower guide runner (45)；The front end of lower guide pad (6101) is equipped with prelocalization face (614), lower guide pad (6101) the front end positioning surface (451) of prelocalization face (614) and lower guide runner (45) cooperation, to sliding block mold core radially downward (4) movement at center is positioned；Lower elastic element (62) one end supports on the rear end face (615) of lower guide pad (6101) Kong Zhong, the other end support in the hole (631) of lower stopper (63), and lower stopper (63) is fastened in lower guide runner (45).

2. a kind of occlusion finish forge device of step axis blank according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the resistance unit For oil cylinder (13), oil cylinder is fixed on by stepped hole on lower die holder；Plunger (12) is housed, plunger is under the control of oil pressure in oil cylinder It can move up and down along oil cylinder (13)；Oil cylinder (13) upper end is fixed with limited block (11), for being carried out to the movement of plunger (12) Limit；Plunger (12) upper end is fixed with support plate (9).

3. a kind of occlusion finish forge device of step axis blank according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper working face (512) it is cambered surface, radian is identical as the radian of top bar (201)；Upper guide pad (5101) moves radially outwards, rear end face (515) reach capacity position when front end face (532) for encountering upper stopper (53), at this time four upper working faces (512) and top bar The inner surface in hole (41) is surrounded by a complete disc, and the diameter of the disc is identical as the diameter of top bar (201), highly with The height of top bar (201) is identical；

Lower working face (612) is cambered surface, and radian is identical as the radian of (202) of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation；Lower guide pad (6101) radially to Outer movement, rear end face (615) reach capacity position when encountering front end face (632) of lower stopper (63), at this time four lower working faces (612) inner surface with hole (42) of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation is surrounded by a complete disc, the diameter of the disc and the straight of (202) of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation Diameter is identical, highly identical as the height of (202) of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.

4. a kind of occlusion finish forge device of step axis blank according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper elastic element (52) and lower elastic element (62) is spring or controlled hydraulic resistance element.

5. a kind of occlusion finish forge device of step axis blank according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper stopper (53) is solid It is scheduled in guide runner (44)；Lower stopper (63) is fixed in lower guide runner (45).