CN106800492A - 一种铁催化醇氧化制备醛或铜的绿色方法 - Google Patents

一种铁催化醇氧化制备醛或铜的绿色方法 Download PDF

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CN106800492A
CN106800492A CN201510846584.9A CN201510846584A CN106800492A CN 106800492 A CN106800492 A CN 106800492A CN 201510846584 A CN201510846584 A CN 201510846584A CN 106800492 A CN106800492 A CN 106800492A
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高爽
王连月
李国松
吕迎
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种铁催化醇氧化制备醛和酮的绿色方法,该方法催化剂为常见的铁盐,助催化剂为有机氮氧化合物,在非卤素溶剂中,敞口空气室温条件下能够实现各种醇的氧化,尤其是能够实现高选择性非活泼脂肪伯醇的氧化。该催化体系使用廉价易得、无毒、活性高的铁催化剂体系;使用经济、安全、绿色的空气作为氧化剂;反应温度室温条件即可;催化体系组份少,无需额外添加配体或者碱性化合物;反应容易操作;尤其能够高效实现非活泼的脂肪伯醇氧化为醛或酮,本方法对反应条件要求非常温和,具有良好的研究和工业应用前景。

Description

一种铁催化醇氧化制备醛或铜的绿色方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成领域,具体涉及一种铁催化剂,以空气为氧源,室温条件下把醇氧化为醛或者酮的绿色方法。
背景技术
醇选择性氧化为相应的醛或酮是有机合成中非常重要的官能团转化反应,无论对基础研究还是工业大规模生产都具有十分重要的意义。醛酮是重要的工业原料、香料及合成药物中间体,每年世界上生产的羰基化合物超过一百万吨,这些化合物大部分是由醇氧化而来。传统的醇氧化方法是化学计量法。常用的氧化剂为铬试剂,锰试剂,钌的氧化物,,活化的二甲基亚砜,高价碘化物等。这些方法往往需要当量甚至过量的氧化剂,反应过程中也产生大量的重金属污染物,而且这些氧化反应通常在含氯的有机溶剂中进行,不仅给反应后处理带来麻烦,而且也对环境造成很大的污染。有些强氧化剂难以将反应产物控制在醛的阶段,往往会使醛进一步深度氧化为酸。从环境保护和原子经济性的角度来看,这些方法必定会被改进或者淘汰,从经济和环境的角度考虑,空气或氧气是理想的氧化剂,不仅价格便宜,资源丰富,而且氧化后的副产物为水。
近年来,空气或氧气作为氧化剂用于醇的选择性氧化已有报道。但是很多方法仍需要使用贵金属催化剂,危险性高的纯氧气为氧化剂,多使用毒性高的卤素溶剂,应用潜力有限。而且很多催化剂仅对于较活泼的脂肪仲醇、苄基醇及烯丙基醇等都具有优越的催化反应性能,但是对于脂肪伯醇则活性很低。目前,能使用廉价、无毒、室温条件、敞口催化体系实现醇氧化的方法很少,且有些方法还需要添加剂、配体等,影响了其应用。
因此,开发新的高活性的催化剂体系,用于实现温和条件下高效的醇氧化反应值得研究,尤其是高选择性非活泼脂肪伯醇氧化。本发明旨在开发一种室温下采用常压空气的敞口催化反应体系,该体系使用廉价无毒的铁为催化剂,有机氮氧化物为助催化剂。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种铁催化醇制备醛和铜的绿色方法,客服现有技术的缺点,提高反应的选择性,拓展底物的范围,尤其是能够实现高选择性非活泼脂肪伯醇的氧化。
本发明采用的技术方案是:室温敞口反应条件下,催化剂为常见的铁盐,助催化剂为有机氮氧化合物,在非卤素溶剂中,反应时间为1-10小时,能够实现各种醇的氧化,尤其是非活泼脂肪伯醇的氧化。
其中,产物为醛时:R1为苯基、取代芳基、杂芳基或者烷基;R2为H
产物为酮时:R1为苯基、取代芳基、杂芳基或者烷基;R2为苯基、取代芳基、或者烷基
上述技术方案中,所述铁盐为Fe(NO3)3·9H2O,FeCl3,FeCl3·6H2O,Fe2(SO4)3·7H2O,FeBr3,FeCl2·4H2O,FeI2;优选为Fe(NO3)3·9H2O。
上述技术方案中,所述铁盐用量为2-10mol%;优选为5-10mol%.
上述技术方案中,所述助催化剂为2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮氧自由基,4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮氧自由基,4-乙酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮氧自由基,4-氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮氧自由基,9-氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷N-氧自由基中至少一种;优选为9-氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷N-氧自由基(英文缩写为ABNO)。
上述技术方案中,助催化剂用量为2-10mol%,优选为2-5mol%。
上述技术方案中,反应溶剂为甲苯、三氟甲苯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、乙腈、甲醇、乙酸乙酯中的至少一种。其加入量使反应物醇的摩尔浓度在0.1-10mol/L之间。溶剂优选乙腈。
上述技术方案中,反应温度为室温,反应时间为1-10小时。具体时间取决于底物种类。
上述技术方案中,直接在敞口条件、空气下进行。
该催化体系使用廉价易得、无毒、活性高的铁催化剂体系;使用经济、安全、绿色的空气作为氧化剂;反应温度室温条件即可;催化体系组份少,无需额外添加配体或者碱性化合物;反应容易操作;尤其能够高效实现非活泼的脂肪伯醇氧化为醛或酮,本方法对反应条件要求非常温和,具有良好的研究和工业应用前景。
由于上述方案运用,本发明与现有的技术相比具有下列优点:
本发明中所使用的铁盐,助催化剂,溶剂都可以直接购买得到。
与已报道文献相比,本发明使用无毒的铁盐为催化剂,溶剂为乙腈,与卤代烷烃相比,毒性小。
本发明催化剂系组成简单,只有两种。不需要额外的添加剂或者配体。另外,反应在敞口、空气下就可以进行,易于操作,后处理简单。
本发明催化体系不仅能够实现活泼醇的氧化,对于报道很少的非活泼脂肪伯醇也可以高选择性的氧化为相应产物。
因此,本方法对反应条件要求很低,具有潜在的应用前景。
具体实施方式
通过下述实施方式将有助于理解本发明,但并不限于本发明的内容。
实施例1 1-辛醇氧化为1-辛醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),1-辛醇(130mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物1-辛醛收率。反应4h,1-辛醛收率为90%,选择性大于99%。
实施例2 2-乙基己醇氧化为2-乙基己醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),2-乙基己醇(130mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物2-乙基己醛收率。反应6h,1-辛醛收率为86%,选择性95%。
实施例3 1-己醇氧化为1-己醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),1-己醇(102mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物1-己醛收率。反应6h,1-己醛收率为95%,选择性大于99%。
实施例4环己基甲醇氧化为环己基甲醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),环己基甲醇(114mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物环己基甲醛收率。反应6h,环己基甲醛收率为95%,选择性大于99%。
实施例5 4-苯基1-丁醇氧化为4-苯基1-丁醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),4-苯基1-丁醇(150mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物4-苯基1-丁醛收率。反应6h,4-苯基1-丁醛收率为83%,选择性93%。
实施例6金刚烷甲醇氧化为金刚烷甲醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),金刚烷甲醇(166mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物金刚烷甲醛收率。反应6h,金刚烷甲醛收率为90%,选择性大于99%。
实施例7 6-氯-1-己醇氧化为6-氯-1-己醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),6-氯-1-己醇(136mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物6-氯-1-己醛收率。反应6h,6-氯-1-己醛收率为78%,选择性大于99%。
实施例8 2-辛醇氧化为2-辛酮
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),2-辛醇(130mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物2-辛酮收率。反应4h,2-辛酮收率为88%,选择性97%。
实施例9环己醇氧化为环己酮
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),环己醇(100mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物环己酮收率。反应4h,环己酮收率为85%,选择性99%。
实施例10 2-金刚烷醇氧化为2-金刚烷酮
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(7mg,5mol%),2-金刚烷醇(100mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物2-金刚烷酮收率。反应6h,2-金刚烷酮收率为85%,选择性99%。
实施例11苯甲醇氧化为苯甲醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(1.4mg,1mol%),苯甲醇(108mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物苯甲醛收率。反应3h,苯甲醛收率为大于99%,选择性大于99%。
实施例12 4-甲基苯甲醇氧化为4-甲基苯甲醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(1.4mg,1mol%),4-甲基苯甲醇(122mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物4-甲基苯甲醛收率。反应3h,4-甲基苯甲醛收率为大于99%,选择性大于99%。
实施例13 4-氟苯甲醇氧化为4-氟苯甲醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(4.2mg,3mol%),4-氟苯甲醇(126mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物4-氟苯甲醛收率。反应2h,4-氟苯甲醛收率为大于99%,选择性大于99%。
实施例14 1-苯基乙醇氧化为苯乙酮
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(4.2mg,3mol%),1-苯基乙醇(122mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物苯乙酮收率。反应4h,苯乙酮收率为87%,选择性大于99%。
实施例15 1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇氧化为4-甲基苯乙酮
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(4.2mg,3mol%),1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇(136mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物4-甲基苯乙酮收率。反应6h,4-甲基苯乙酮收率为92%,选择性97%。
实施例16 1-(4氯苯基)乙醇氧化为4-氯苯乙酮
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(4.2mg,3mol%),1-(4氯苯基)乙醇(156mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物4-氯苯乙酮收率。反应6h,4-氯苯乙酮收率为96%,选择性96%。
实施例17 3-噻吩甲醇氧化为3-噻吩甲醛
依次取Fe(NO3)3·9H2O(40.4mg,10mol%),ABNO(4.2mg,3mol%),3-噻吩甲醇(114mg,1mmol)加入到10ml的反应试管中,然后加入2ml乙腈为溶剂,室温下敞口反应,然后用GC-MS检测反应程度。反应结束后,加入内标联苯,用GC定量分析产物3-噻吩甲醛收率。反应6h,3-噻吩甲醛收率为96%,选择性96%。

Claims (8)

1.一种铁催化醇氧化制备醛或酮的绿色方法,其特征在于:催化剂为铁盐,助催化剂为有机氮氧化化合物,在溶剂中,反应时间为1-10小时,敞口空气室温条件下能够实现各种醇的氧化;
其中,产物为醛时:R1为苯基、取代芳基、杂芳基或者烷基;R2为H;
产物为酮时:R1为苯基、取代芳基、杂芳基或者烷基;R2为苯基、取代芳基或者烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:所述铁盐为Fe(NO3)3·9H2O,FeCl3,FeCl3·6H2O,Fe2(SO4)3·7H2O,FeBr3,FeCl2·4H2O,FeI2中的一种或二种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:所述铁盐用量为醇的2-10mol%。
4.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:所述助催化剂为2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮氧自由基,4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮氧自由基,4-乙酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮氧自由基,4-氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮氧自由基,9-氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷N-氧自由基中的一种或二种以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:助催化剂用量为醇的2-10mol%。
6.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:反应溶剂为甲苯、三氟甲苯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、乙腈、甲醇、乙酸乙酯中的一种或二种以上;其加入量使反应物醇的摩尔浓度在0.1-10mol/L之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:氧化反应所需氧源为空气。
8.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:所述取代芳基上的取代基为氢、甲基、甲氧基、氯、氟、三氟甲基、硝基,取代基的个数为1-5个;所述杂芳基为芳环上含有氮原子、硫原子、氧原子;所述烷基为至少含有1个饱和碳。
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