CN106799493B - A kind of powder preheating device and its application for selective laser fusing powder feeding - Google Patents
A kind of powder preheating device and its application for selective laser fusing powder feeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN106799493B CN106799493B CN201611193886.1A CN201611193886A CN106799493B CN 106799493 B CN106799493 B CN 106799493B CN 201611193886 A CN201611193886 A CN 201611193886A CN 106799493 B CN106799493 B CN 106799493B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/52—Hoppers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/57—Metering means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to advanced Rapid Manufacturing Technology fields; and disclose a kind of powder preheating device for selective laser fusing powder feeding; pass through the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe respectively including storage powder funnel, vacuum pump, protection gas air accumulator, power supply device and central controller, the vacuum pump and the protection gas air accumulator and connect with the storage powder funnel；Third solenoid valve is provided at the outlet at bottom of the storage powder funnel；The lateral wall of the storage powder funnel is enclosed with thermal insulation layer；Outer wall around the storage powder funnel is provided with induction coil；It is described storage powder funnel on be provided with for detect storage powder funnel in metal powder temperature temperature sensor and for detect store up powder funnel in pressure pressure sensor.The configuration of the present invention is simple, it is easy to operate, realizing the utilization rate that metal powder can be improved while metal powder preheating.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced Rapid Manufacturing Technology fields, melt powder feeding for selective laser more particularly, to one kind
Powder preheating device and its application.
Background technique
Selective laser fusing (Selective laser melting, SLM) technology is collection CAD, numerical control
Technology, increasing material manufacturing are in the advanced manufacturing technology of one.SLM melts metal powder directly using superlaser come successively at shape
Part, so being particularly suitable for the part of machining shape complexity, especially zero with complicated inner cavity structure and with individual demand
Part.
However, in SLM forming process, metal powder material instant melting, cooling and solidifying under the action of superlaser
Gu cooling velocity is up to 103-105K/s makes to generate biggish residual stress inside product, in turn results in hole, crackle etc. and lacks
It falls into, reduces the quality of drip molding.Currently, the method for eliminating SLM drip molding residual stress mainly has basal plate preheating and forming to retreat
Fire.Wherein, for basal plate preheating, when drip molding reaches certain thickness, the top of drip molding cannot be fully warmed-up, shadow
Ring pre-heat effect.And for forming after annealing processing, although this method is good for eliminating residual stress effect, to drip molding
Size be affected.
Existing research shows to preheat metal powder material the internal stress that also can effectively reduce or eliminate product.It is right
Metal powder is preheated, first is that can play the role of drying, improves the mobility of metal powder；Second is that enhancing metal material
To the absorptivity of laser, laser utilization is improved；Third is that reducing the temperature difference of metal powder material processing front and back, heat is reduced
Stress；Fourth is that formed part is wrapped up by the metal powder by preheating, cooling velocity is slowed down to a certain extent, is reduced residual
Residue stress reduces the formability of crackle hole.
Patent CN103100713A, CN104289711A and CN105014071A etc. propose different powder material preheating sides
Method.Wherein, CN104289711A is that powder material is preheated in a manner of radiating irradiation the pre-heating system being installed in working chamber, this
Kind method cannot be such that the metal powder of powder cylinder lower part is fully warmed-up, and distribution of the temperature in powder cylinder upper metal powder
And it is non-uniform, pre-heat effect is undesirable.CN103100713A and CN105014071A is in the circumferentially setting heating of powder cylinder
Device preheats powder material.However, this method the disadvantage is that, on the one hand, when preheating temperature is higher, in metal powder
Pernicious gas such as vapor can pollute the protective atmosphere in entire forming cavity；On the other hand, in powder cylinder, circumferentially setting heating is filled
It sets, so that entire working cylinder volume is superfluous big, internal structure complexity maintenance difficult.In addition, this lower powder feeding side based on powder cylinder
Formula is low to the utilization rate of metal powder in formation of parts, so to prepare the gold than workpiece volume the more again before forming every time
Belong to powder.Moreover, also needing to open hatch door, process is more many and diverse, drip molding when supplementing metal powder in forming process
Quality also will receive influence.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides one kind melts powder feeding for selective laser
Powder preheating device and its application, using storage powder funnel come convey metal powder can solve in the prior art metal powder benefit
With the low problem of rate, while it can controllably heat the metal powder in funnel, be heated evenly metal powder, reduce
Residual stress in SLM drip molding avoids the deformation occurred in forming process due to larger residual stress, warpage and can not add
The problems such as work.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, it provides a kind of for selective laser fusing powder feeding
Powder preheating device, which is characterized in that including storage powder funnel, vacuum pump, protection gas air accumulator, power supply device and center control
Device, wherein
The vacuum pump and the protection gas air accumulator pass through respectively the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe with it is described
The connection of powder funnel is stored up, and is respectively arranged with the first solenoid valve and the second electricity in first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe
Magnet valve；
It is provided with third solenoid valve at the outlet at bottom of the storage powder funnel, with the powder out for controlling the storage powder funnel
Amount；
The lateral wall of the storage powder funnel is enclosed with thermal insulation layer, for keeping the temperature of metal powder in the storage powder funnel
Degree；
Outer wall around the storage powder funnel is provided with induction coil, and the induction coil is connect with the power supply device；
It is provided on the storage powder funnel for detecting the temperature sensor of metal powder temperature in storage powder funnel and being used for
The pressure sensor of pressure in detection storage powder funnel；
The central controller respectively with the temperature sensor, power supply device, the first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve,
Three solenoid valves, temperature sensor and pressure sensor connection.
Preferably, seal washer is provided between the storage powder funnel and cover board.
Preferably, the power supply device is high frequency electric source or intermediate frequency power supply.
Preferably, cover board is provided at the top of the storage powder funnel.
Other side according to the invention additionally provides the powder preheating device preheating and conveying metal powder
Method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) it opens selective laser and melts former, start central controller；
(b) issuing closure signal to the first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve and third solenoid valve by central controller makes it
Be turned off, metal powder and is sealed in the storage powder funnel by metal powder needed for then addition shapes into storage powder funnel
It is interior；
(c) central controller opens the first solenoid valve, and starting vacuum pump vacuumizes storage powder funnel, passes through pressure sensor
The vacuum values in storage powder funnel are obtained, the first solenoid valve is closed when vacuum values reach -102kPa~-95kPa Pa, then opens
Second solenoid valve and starting protection gas air accumulator are opened, fills protection gas into storage powder funnel, when pressure sensor detects storage powder leakage
When pressure value reaches standard atmospheric pressure in struggling against, second solenoid valve and protection gas air accumulator are closed；
(d) central controller opens power supply device, and power supply device generates electric current after receiving enabling signal, and electric current flows through induction
Coil, induction coil generate alternating magnetic field under the function of current, store up the metal powder in powder funnel under the action of alternating magnetic field
Alternating current is generated, generates magnetic field in metal powder, eddy-current loss and magnetic hystersis loss make metal powder generate heat, by this method,
Metal powder is heated；
(e) temperature sensor carries out real-time monitoring to the temperature of metal powder in storage powder funnel, and feeds back to central control
Device, central controller based on the received temperature information come adjust power supply device generation electric current size, with realize store up powder funnel
Interior metal powder temperature it is constant；
(f) after metal powder temperature reaches sets requirement in storage powder funnel, central controller controls third solenoid valve
Opening and closing, to realize the conveying of metal powder in storage powder funnel.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect:
(1) using storage powder funnel powder feeding, it can be conveyed by each powdering aequum, greatly reduce entire selective laser
The usage amount of metal powder during melting process makes selective laser melting process process more save metal powder, in addition, working as
It, can be in the case where avoiding opening forming cabin directly to storage powder funnel when metal powder deficiency is supplemented in storage powder funnel
Middle addition metal powder, easy to operate, forming process is also not easily susceptible to influence.
(2) metal powder can be preheated before forming, first is that can play the role of drying, forming can be simultaneously with baking powder
It carries out, needs the step for drying metal powder before simplifying forming, saved the time；Second is that enhancing metal material to laser
Absorptivity improves laser utilization；Third is that reducing the temperature difference of metal powder material processing front and back, thermal stress is reduced；Four
It is to wrap up drip molding by the metal powder of preheating, slows down the cooling velocity of drip molding to a certain extent, reduces residual
Residue stress reduces the formability of crackle hole.
(3) vacuum pump of the storage powder funnel is connected with protection gas air accumulator, can be to easy oxygen in drying/warm
Change metal powder to be protected, avoids the generation of oxidation, and the pernicious gas that metal powder generates in drying/warm
Such as vapor will not impact the protective atmosphere in forming cavity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Referring to Fig.1, it is a kind of for selective laser fusing powder feeding powder preheating device, including storage powder funnel 1, vacuum pump 6,
Protect gas air accumulator 7, power supply device 10 and central controller 11, wherein
The vacuum pump 6 and the protection gas air accumulator 7 pass through the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe and institute respectively
It states storage powder funnel 1 to connect, and is respectively arranged with the first solenoid valve 4 and the in first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe
Two solenoid valves 5；
It is provided with third solenoid valve 8 at the outlet at bottom of the storage powder funnel 1, for controlling the storage powder funnel 1
Powder outlet quantity；
The lateral wall of the storage powder funnel 1 is enclosed with thermal insulation layer 3, for keeping metal powder in the storage powder funnel 1
Temperature；
The outer wall of the storage powder funnel 1 is provided with induction coil 9, the induction coil 9 and the power supply device 10
Connection；
12 He of temperature sensor for detecting metal powder temperature in storage powder funnel 1 is provided on the storage powder funnel 1
For detecting the pressure sensor 13 of pressure in storage powder funnel 1；
The central controller 11 is electric with the temperature sensor 12, power supply device 10, the first solenoid valve 4, second respectively
Magnet valve 5, third solenoid valve 8, temperature sensor 12 and pressure sensor 13 connect.
Further, the top of the storage powder funnel 1 is provided with cover board 2, is provided between the storage powder funnel 1 and cover board 2
Seal washer is put into metal powder into the storage powder funnel 1 after cover board 2 in order to open.
Further, the power supply device 10 is high frequency electric source or intermediate frequency power supply.
That is told melts the powder preheating device of upper automatic powder feeding system based on selective laser, and the course of work includes following step
It is rapid:
(a) it opens selective laser and melts former, start central controller 11；
(b) issuing closure signal to three solenoid valves by central controller 11 makes its closing, opens storage 1 cover board of powder funnel
2, metal powder needed for addition shapes into storage powder funnel 1 shuts cover board 2 later, and entirely storage powder funnel 1 is in seal shape at this time
State, metal powder are sealed in storage powder funnel 1；
(c) the first solenoid valve 4 is opened by central controller 11, starting 6 pairs of storage powder funnels 1 of vacuum pump vacuumize, pass through
Pressure sensor 13 obtains the pressure value in storage powder funnel 1, when pressure reaches -102kPa~-95kPa, closes the first electromagnetism
Valve 4, opens second solenoid valve 5, and starting protection gas air accumulator 7 fills protection gas to storage powder funnel 1, the pressure in storage powder funnel 1
When reaching standard atmospheric pressure, second solenoid valve 5 and protection gas air accumulator 7 are adjusted, it is straight to reduce the throughput being sent into gas storage funnel
To closing second solenoid valve 5 and protection gas air accumulator 7；
(d) power supply device 10 is opened by central controller 11, power supply device 10 receive generate after enabling signal high frequency or
Electric current of intermediate frequency, electric current flow through induction coil 9, and induction coil 9 generates alternating magnetic field under the function of current, and metal powder is in alternation magnetic
Alternating current (vortex) is generated under the action of, the conductor that metal powder is formed forms magnetic field, eddy-current loss and magnetic hystersis loss
So that metal powder is generated heat, by this method, metal powder is heated；
(e) temperature sensor 12 can carry out real-time monitoring to the temperature of metal powder in storage powder, and feed back to central control
Device 11 processed, central controller 11 based on the received temperature information come adjust power supply device 10 generation size of current, realize storage powder
Metal powder temperature is constant in funnel 1；
(f) after metal powder temperature reaches requirement in storage powder funnel 1, pass through central controller 11 and control storage powder funnel 11
The closure of third solenoid valve 8 in powder falling pipeline realizes the control of metal powder conveying capacity.
In addition, need to first suspend processing in forming process when metal powder amount deficiency need to supplement metal powder, third is closed
Solenoid valve 8, repeat the above steps (b) and (c).
In conclusion compared with prior art, the present invention its structure is simple, it is easy to operate, realizing metal powder preheating
While can improve the utilization rate of metal powder, therefore the present invention effectively overcomes the various shortcoming of the prior art and with higher
Value of industrial utilization.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. it is a kind of for selective laser fusing powder feeding powder preheating device, which is characterized in that including storage powder funnel, vacuum pump,
Protect gas air accumulator, power supply device and central controller, wherein
The vacuum pump and the protection gas air accumulator pass through the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe and the storage powder respectively
Funnel connection, and the first solenoid valve and the second electromagnetism are respectively arranged in first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe
Valve；
It is provided with third solenoid valve at the outlet at bottom of the storage powder funnel, with the powder outlet quantity for controlling the storage powder funnel；
The lateral wall of the storage powder funnel is enclosed with thermal insulation layer, for keeping the temperature of metal powder in the storage powder funnel；
Outer wall around the storage powder funnel is provided with induction coil, and the induction coil is connect with the power supply device；
It is described storage powder funnel on be provided with for detect store up powder funnel in metal powder temperature temperature sensor and for detecting
Store up the pressure sensor of pressure in powder funnel；
Cover board is provided at the top of the storage powder funnel；
The central controller is electric with the temperature sensor, power supply device, the first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve, third respectively
Magnet valve, temperature sensor and pressure sensor connection.
2. a kind of powder preheating device for selective laser fusing powder feeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states and is provided with seal washer between storage powder funnel and cover board.
3. a kind of powder preheating device for selective laser fusing powder feeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating power supply device is high frequency electric source or intermediate frequency power supply.
4. the method for the preheating of powder preheating device described in any claim and conveying metal powder in claims 1 to 3,
It is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:
(a) it opens selective laser and melts former, start central controller；
(b) issuing closure signal to the first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve and third solenoid valve by central controller makes them
It closes, metal powder needed for then addition shapes into storage powder funnel, and metal powder is sealed in the storage powder funnel；
(c) central controller opens the first solenoid valve, and starting vacuum pump vacuumizes storage powder funnel, obtained by pressure sensor
The vacuum values in powder funnel are stored up, the first solenoid valve is closed when vacuum values reach -102kPa~-95kPa, are then turned on the second electricity
Magnet valve and starting protection gas air accumulator fill protection gas into storage powder funnel, when pressure sensor detects pressure in storage powder funnel
When value reaches standard atmospheric pressure, second solenoid valve and protection gas air accumulator are closed；
(d) central controller opens power supply device, and power supply device generates electric current after receiving enabling signal, and electric current flows through the line of induction
Circle, induction coil generate alternating magnetic field under the function of current, and the metal powder stored up in powder funnel produces under the action of alternating magnetic field
Raw alternating current, metal powder is interior to generate magnetic field, and eddy-current loss and magnetic hystersis loss make metal powder generate heat, by this method, right
Metal powder is heated；
(e) temperature sensor carries out real-time monitoring to the temperature of metal powder in storage powder funnel, and feeds back to central controller, in
Centre controller based on the received temperature information come adjust power supply device generation electric current size, with realize storage powder funnel in metal
Powder temperature it is constant；
(f) after metal powder temperature reaches sets requirement in storage powder funnel, the opening and closing of central controller controls third solenoid valve,
To realize the conveying of metal powder in storage powder funnel.
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| CN201611193886.1A CN106799493B (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2016-12-21 | A kind of powder preheating device and its application for selective laser fusing powder feeding |
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| CN201611193886.1A CN106799493B (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2016-12-21 | A kind of powder preheating device and its application for selective laser fusing powder feeding |
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| CN106799493B true CN106799493B (en) | 2019-01-29 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107414081B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2023-05-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Wire feed fuse system for metal increment manufacturing and application method thereof |
| CN111344092B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2022-06-14 | 株式会社Ihi | Three-dimensional modeling apparatus and three-dimensional modeling method |
| CN108480638B (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2024-03-19 | 华中科技大学 | Three-section type selective laser melting combined preheating system |
| CN110238390A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-09-17 | 哈尔滨福沃德多维智能装备有限公司 | A kind of metal powder vacuum storage device |
| CN111331135B (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2022-06-21 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for selective laser melting of mixed powder |
| CN112756632A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-07 | 江苏威拉里新材料科技有限公司 | 3D prints save set for metal powder |
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| CN106799493A (en) | 2017-06-06 |
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