CN106763514B - Vertical speed reducer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical speed reducer, which comprises a casing, wherein a first vertical transmission assembly and a second transmission shaft are arranged in the casing, a first gear, a second gear and a graphite bearing assembly are arranged on the first vertical transmission assembly, and the inner wall of a shaft hole of a graphite bearing is axially provided with a large groove and a small groove which are communicated with each other; the bottom of the large groove is provided with a vent hole penetrating through the wall of the graphite bearing and the bearing sleeve, and a vent bolt joint is arranged in a threaded counter bore of the vent hole; the second gear is meshed with the third gear, and the thread section and the lower end face of the second transmission shaft are both provided with axial propping devices. The top end of the axial jacking device is a cone with a tip, and the cone stretches into the lower end surfaces of the first vertical transmission assembly and the second transmission shaft; the bottom of the optical axis section is also provided with a disc spring, and a high round pad table with the thickness smaller than that of the disc spring is arranged inside the disc spring. The vertical speed reducer is flexible and stable in transmission, effectively relieves deflection and abrasion of the transmission shaft and the impact and abrasion during gear engagement caused by dead weight, and improves speed change precision.

Description

Vertical reducer

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of reducers, in particular to a reducer in which all drive shafts are vertically installed.

Background technique

Reducer is a common device used for gear shifting. There are many types of reducers. Most reducers are installed horizontally, that is, each transmission shaft is vertically set relative to the installation plane, because each gear shaft used for transmission is horizontal. When the vertical installation is relatively stable, the installation is relatively simple and convenient, the transmission is accurate, and the service life is long; if the transmission shaft is installed vertically, due to the influence of the self-weight of the transmission shaft and the gear itself, the installation is difficult, and the center distance between the gears is not easy. Control, and the most important thing is that the self-weight has too much friction on the end support of the transmission shaft itself. Long-term wear may easily cause damage to the bearing or the transmission shaft itself, and the meshing accuracy between the gears is also difficult to control, which is prone to gear cracking , stuck and other adverse phenomena occur.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a vertical reducer with flexible and stable transmission, which can effectively alleviate the deflection and wear of the transmission shaft caused by its own weight and the rattling and wear of the gears during meshing, and improve the speed change. precision.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A vertical reducer, including a casing, the casing is provided with a vertically arranged first transmission shaft installation hole and a second transmission shaft installation hole, and the two transmission shaft installation holes communicate with each other; The first vertical drive shaft assembly in the first drive shaft mounting hole.

The first vertical transmission shaft assembly includes a vertically arranged rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft includes, from top to bottom, a top gear installation section, a shaft shoulder section, a graphite bearing installation section, an extension section, and a rolling bearing installation section connected in sequence. , the end gear installation section and the threaded section provided with threads on the outside; wherein, the diameter of the top gear installation section is smaller than the diameter of the shaft shoulder section, and the shaft diameters of each section from the shaft shoulder section down to the thread section are sequentially decrease.

The top gear installation section is provided with a threaded blind hole with an opening facing upwards, and a keyway is provided on its side, and a first gear is installed and fixed on the top gear installation section, and the keyway through hole in the shaft hole of the first gear A flat key located in the keyway is embedded, the lower end surface of the first gear is in contact with the upper end surface of the shaft shoulder section, and the upper end surface thereof is compressed by a fixing bolt screwed vertically downward into the threaded blind hole, Thus, the first gear is fixed on the end gear installation section.

A graphite bearing assembly is movably sleeved on the graphite bearing installation section, and the graphite bearing assembly sequentially includes a bearing sleeve and a graphite bearing with the same length from outside to inside, and the two ends between the bearing sleeve and the graphite bearing are Flush, coaxial, interference connection, and the lower end of the graphite bearing is provided with a neck with a reduced diameter, the graphite bearing installation hole of the bearing sleeve is a stepped hole with a reduced bottom, and the neck is located at the In the smaller through hole of the step hole, the end face of the graphite bearing at the upper end of the neck is closely attached to the step face of the step hole; the graphite bearing installation section is located in the shaft hole of the graphite bearing and the upper end face is tightly The lower end surface of the shoulder section is attached; the upper outer wall of the bearing sleeve is tightly covered with a limiting ring, and the bearing sleeve is embedded in the top cylindrical hole of the first transmission shaft installation hole, and the limiting ring The lower end of the bit ring is in close contact with the upper end surface of the top cylindrical hole.

The inner wall of the shaft hole of the graphite bearing is provided with several small grooves evenly spaced along the axial direction. A large groove perpendicular to the small groove communicates the small groove with the large groove; a vent hole through the hole wall of the graphite bearing and the bearing sleeve is provided at the bottom of the large groove, The part of the ventilation hole located on the hole wall of the bearing sleeve is a threaded counterbore; in the threaded counterbore, there are vent bolt joints with sealing pipe threads at both ends, and a protrusion is provided between the two sealing pipe threads. The ring boss on the threaded surface, the sealing pipe thread near the outer end is connected with the threaded hole at one end of the air pipe, and the other end of the air pipe passes through the top cylindrical hole wall of the first drive shaft installation hole and connects with the air pipe located at the machine. The pump on the shell step is connected, and a dust bag is connected on the pipeline at the outlet end of the pump.

A rolling bearing is also provided on the rolling bearing installation section, and the inner ring of the rolling bearing is in interference connection with the rolling bearing installation section.

A second gear is coupled to the end gear installation section through keying, and a limit ring is provided between the second gear and the rolling bearing; the lower end surface of the second gear is pressed by a fastening nut screwed on the threaded section. Tight, on the threaded connection surface between the fastening nut and the threaded section, a positioning taper pin hole with the large end facing downward is arranged in the axial direction, and a taper pin is arranged in the taper pin hole; the fastening nut When tightened in place, the positioning taper pin hole portion on the fastening nut is aligned with the positioning taper pin hole portion on the threaded section. The second gear meshes with the third gear, the third gear and its second transmission shaft are located in the installation hole of the second transmission shaft, and the lower end surface of the third gear is in contact with the second transmission shaft The upper end surfaces of the shaft shoulders on the upper gear are connected, and a limit collar is provided on the upper end surface of the third gear, and rolling bearings are respectively provided on both sides of the limit collar and the shoulder on the second transmission shaft.

The lower end surfaces of the threaded section and the second transmission shaft are provided with an axial tightening device, and the top end of the axial tightening device is a pointed cone, and the cone extends into the threaded section and the second transmission shaft. In the conical hole of the lower end surface of the transmission shaft; the optical axis section at the lower end of the axial clamping device is in interference connection with the inner ring of the thrust bearing; a disc spring is also provided at the bottom of the optical axis section, and the disc spring The small end faces upwards, the large end face is located in the blind hole of the casing, and a circular pad fixed to the bottom of the blind hole is coaxially provided inside the disc spring, and the circular pad The thickness of the table is smaller than the height of the disc spring.

Further, a ring-shaped flat pad made of hard alloy is provided between the nut of the fixing bolt and the first gear, and the outer diameter of the flat pad is larger than the diameter at the shoulder section, so The diameter of the dedendum circle of the first gear is greater than the diameter of the outer circle of the flat pad.

Further, the limiting ring is integrally formed with the bearing sleeve.

Further, the limiting ring is threadedly coupled with the bearing sleeve.

Further, the bearing sleeve is a conical sleeve with a large top and a small bottom.

Further, the bearing sleeve is a conical sleeve with a large top and a small bottom.

Further, the cross section of the small groove is arc-shaped, and both sides of the opening of the small groove are connected with the inner wall of the graphite bearing in a smooth transition.

Further, the deepest part of the small groove is consistent with the depth of the large groove, and the cross section of the large groove is rectangular.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention has the following beneficial effects;

The present invention adopts a special first vertical transmission assembly for transmission. The first vertical transmission assembly is provided with two gears as input or output gears respectively. After being connected for positioning, it is supplemented by fixing bolts to be pressed from its end face to achieve both position and reliability. Similarly, the second gear is connected with a key connection for positioning. Since it is located at the end of the rotating shaft, it is a suspended gear, which is greatly affected by its own weight when rotating. , so the fastening nut is used to compress from bottom to top, and the taper pin is used to connect and lock. Since the fastening nut is pressed and fixed, a reference position is needed for the tightening degree of the nut, so the taper pin is set. When the fastening nut is about to be tightened in place, continue to twist slowly, so that the positioning taper pin hole part on the fastening nut and the positioning taper pin hole part on the threaded section are coaxially aligned, and the tightening degree of the fastening nut just reaches In the best state, it will not loosen, and it will not cause thread chipping damage due to over-tightening, which will affect the connection strength; at the same time, the locking of the taper pin can further lock the threaded connection and completely prevent loosening. The installation of the fastening nut at the bottom is very important.

The first vertical transmission assembly of the present invention also adopts the combination of graphite bearing and rolling bearing to realize the installation and rotation of the rotating shaft, and makes full use of the graphite bearing with small fit clearance, little influence by temperature and self-lubricating function to improve the installation of the rotating shaft The coaxial precision reduces the deflection of the rotating shaft, and the installation of the rolling bearing further makes up for the lack of strength of the graphite bearing, and the two complement each other.

The graphite bearing of the present invention is provided with several small grooves and large grooves to realize the collection of graphite dust after long-time rotation, and a ventilation bolt joint is provided so as to be connected with external dust collection equipment to remove the dross in the graphite bearing The dust is removed in time, which greatly reduces the difficulty of repairing and maintaining graphite bearings; in addition, when installing graphite bearings, due to the extremely small fit clearance, air gaps are easily generated during installation, which hinders assembly. The above grooves can also be exhausted to reduce friction .

In addition, the present invention sets a jacking device with a conical tip at the bottom of each transmission shaft to axially limit and tighten each transmission shaft, and then adopts a thrust bearing to bear the weight of the transmission shaft and its accessories, and then tightens the Disc springs are set at the bottom of the device to buffer the impact force of the drive shaft when it rotates to reduce the wear on the bearings and the deflection of the drive shaft, and the circular pad acts as an overload protection for the disc springs to prevent the drive shaft from being damaged under the buffering effect of the disc springs. The excessive downward movement caused by the axial impact on the bearing also protects the thrust bearing.

It should be noted that the tightening device of the present invention is complementary to the installation structure of the above-mentioned graphite bearing assembly and gear. Only when the installation structure of the above-mentioned graphite bearing assembly and gear is used and supplemented with the tightening device can the best stability of the reducer be achieved. Accurate transmission, otherwise the transmission accuracy of the reducer will be greatly reduced. Obviously, the reducer is a system structure. The existence of any of the above-mentioned common adverse factors will have a huge impact on the overall structure and function. If any structure is missing, other Structurally excellent functional properties will be weakened or even eliminated.

It can be seen that the present invention can solve the problems of large axial deviation of the transmission shaft, uneven and stable gear meshing, gear ringing, and serious wear in the vertical reducer, that is, to ensure the axial position accuracy of the shaft installation and prevent the gap between the shaft and the bearing. The deflection occurs due to the excessive gap between the gears, and it can prevent the shaft from being inflexible or stuck when the gap is too small, and solve the problem of bearing wear. The structure of the whole reducer is simple, compact, flexible, firm and reliable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of a graphite bearing.

Figure 3 is a side view of the graphite bearing.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of III in Fig. 3 .

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of II in FIG. 1 .

Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the first vertical transmission assembly.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of I in Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

The implementation of the present invention will be illustrated by specific specific examples below, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:

As shown in Figures 1-7, a vertical reducer includes a casing 29, and the casing 29 is provided with a first transmission shaft installation hole and a second transmission shaft installation hole vertically arranged in the casing 29, and the two transmission shafts The mounting holes communicate with each other. It also includes a first vertical transmission shaft assembly located in the first transmission shaft installation hole; the first vertical transmission shaft assembly includes a vertically arranged rotating shaft 1, and the rotating shaft 1 includes sequentially connected shafts from top to bottom. An integral top gear installation section 101, a shaft shoulder section 102, a graphite bearing installation section 103, an extension section 104, a rolling bearing installation section 105, an end gear installation section 106 and an external threaded section 107; wherein, the top gear The diameter of the mounting section 101 is smaller than the diameter of the shaft shoulder section 102 , and the shaft diameters of each section from the shaft shoulder section 102 down to the threaded section 107 decrease successively.

The top gear installation section 101 is provided with a threaded blind hole with an opening facing upwards, and a keyway is provided on the side thereof. The first gear 2 is installed and fixed on the top gear installation section 101, and the shaft hole of the first gear 2 The keyway through hole of the keyway is embedded with a flat key located in the keyway, the lower end surface of the first gear 2 is in contact with the upper end surface of the shoulder section 102, and its upper end surface is screwed vertically downward into the threaded blind hole The fixing bolt 3 is pressed tightly, so that the first gear 2 is fixed on the end gear installation section 101 .

A graphite bearing assembly is movably sleeved on the graphite bearing installation section 103, and the graphite bearing assembly includes a bearing sleeve 4 and a graphite bearing 5 with the same length from outside to inside in turn, and the bearing sleeve 4 and the graphite bearing The two ends of the 5 are flush, coaxial, and interference-connected, and the lower end of the graphite bearing 5 is provided with a neck with a reduced diameter, and the graphite bearing installation hole of the bearing sleeve 4 is a stepped hole with a reduced bottom. , the neck is located in the smaller through hole of the stepped hole, and the end face of the graphite bearing 5 at the upper end of the neck closely fits the stepped surface of the stepped hole; the graphite bearing mounting section 103 is located in the graphite The upper end surface of the shaft hole of the bearing 5 is in close contact with the lower end surface of the shoulder section 102 . The outer wall of the upper end of the bearing sleeve 4 is tightly fitted with a limiting ring 14 for the installation and positioning of the second gear 9. The bearing sleeve 4 is embedded in the top cylindrical hole of the first drive shaft installation hole, And the lower end of the limiting ring 14 is in close contact with the upper end surface of the top cylindrical hole.

The inner wall of the shaft hole of the graphite bearing 5 is provided with several small grooves 501 evenly spaced along the axial direction. Also be provided with several large grooves 502 perpendicular to the small groove 501, so that the small groove 501 communicates with the large groove 502; the bottom of the large groove 502 is provided with a graphite bearing 5 and the vent hole 503 of the hole wall of the bearing sleeve 4, the part of the vent hole 503 located on the hole wall of the bearing sleeve 4 is a threaded counterbore 50301; both ends of the threaded counterbore 50301 are provided with sealing tubes Threaded ventilation bolt joint 6, a ring boss 601 protruding from the thread surface is arranged between the two sealing pipe threads, the sealing pipe thread near the outer end is connected with the threaded hole at one end of the air pipe 7, and the other end of the air pipe 7 One end passes through the top cylindrical hole wall of the first drive shaft installation hole and is connected to the pump 31 on the step of the casing 29, and a dust bag 32 is connected to the pipeline at the outlet end of the pump 31.

A rolling bearing 8 is also provided on the rolling bearing installation section 105 , and the inner ring of the rolling bearing 8 is in interference connection with the rolling bearing installation section 105 .

The second gear 9 is connected by keying on the end gear installation section 106, and a limit ring 10 is provided between the second gear 9 and the rolling bearing 8; the lower end surface of the second gear 9 is screwed on the threaded section The fastening nut 11 on 107 is pressed tightly, and the threaded connection surface between the fastening nut 11 and the threaded section 107 is axially provided with a positioning taper pin hole with the large end facing downward, and the taper pin hole Taper pin 12 is provided. When the fastening nut 11 is tightened in place, the positioning taper pin hole portion on the fastening nut 11 is aligned with the positioning taper pin hole portion on the threaded section 107 . The second gear 9 is meshed with the third gear 33, the third gear 33 is located in the second transmission shaft mounting hole together with the second transmission shaft 35, and the lower end surface of the third gear 33 is in contact with the second transmission shaft. The upper end surface of the shoulder on the second transmission shaft 35 is connected, and a limit collar 34 is arranged on the upper end surface of the third gear 33. The limit collar 34 and the second transmission shaft 35 There are rolling bearings on both sides of the shaft shoulder;

The lower end surfaces of the threaded section 107 and the second transmission shaft 35 are provided with an axial tightening device 36, and the top end of the axial tightening device 36 is a pointed cone 3601, and the cone 3601 extends into the The threaded section 107 and the tapered hole on the lower end surface of the second transmission shaft 35; the optical axis section 3602 at the lower end of the axial tightening device 36 is in interference connection with the inner ring of the thrust bearing 37; in the optical axis section 3602 The bottom of the disc spring 38 is also provided with a disc spring 38, the small end of the disc spring 38 is facing upwards, and the large end is located in the blind hole of the casing 29, and the disc spring 38 is also coaxially provided with a The circular pad 39 at the bottom of the blind hole, the thickness of the circular pad 39 is less than the height of the disc spring 38, in order to protect the disc spring 38 from overload and prevent each drive shaft from becoming pure rigid support.

Further, between the nut of the fixing bolt 3 and the first gear 2, there is an annular flat pad 13 made of hard alloy, and the diameter of the outer circle of the flat pad 13 is larger than that of the shaft shoulder section 102 The diameter at the position, the diameter of the dedendum circle of the first gear 2 is larger than the diameter of the outer circle of the flat pad 13 .

Further, the limiting ring 14 is integrally formed with the bearing sleeve 4, which is convenient for installation and manufacture, and has a more compact structure.

Further, the limit ring 14 is threadedly connected with the bearing sleeve 4 for installation, and the installation height position of the bearing sleeve 4 can be adjusted.

Further, the bearing sleeve 4 is a conical sleeve with a large top and a small bottom, so as to cooperate with the conical hole on the corresponding equipment and improve the installation coaxiality of the bearing assembly.

Further, the bearing sleeve 4 is a conical sleeve with a large top and a small bottom, so as to cooperate with the conical hole on the corresponding equipment and improve the installation coaxiality of the bearing assembly.

Further, the cross-section of the small groove 501 is arc-shaped, and the two sides of the opening of the small groove 501 are connected with the inner wall of the graphite bearing 5 in a smooth transition, so as to avoid interference between the surface of the rotating shaft and the inner wall of the graphite bearing 5, and facilitate Dust is scraped from the shaft into the groove.

Further, the deepest part of the small groove 501 is consistent with the depth of the large groove 502, and the cross section of the large groove 502 is rectangular, so that the debris and dust can be removed from the small groove under the airflow of the external dust collection device. The bottom of the groove 501 enters the large groove 502 and is extracted intensively.

The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A vertical speed reducer, characterized in that: the device comprises a shell (29), wherein a first transmission shaft mounting hole and a second transmission shaft mounting hole which are vertically arranged are formed in the shell (29), and the two transmission shaft mounting holes are communicated with each other; the first vertical transmission shaft assembly is positioned in the first transmission shaft mounting hole; the first vertical transmission shaft assembly comprises a vertically arranged rotating shaft (1), wherein the rotating shaft (1) comprises a top end gear installation section (101), a shaft shoulder section (102), a graphite bearing installation section (103), an extension section (104), a rolling bearing installation section (105), a tail end gear installation section (106) and a thread section (107) with threads arranged outside, which are sequentially connected into a whole from top to bottom; the diameter of the top end gear mounting section (101) is smaller than that of the shaft shoulder section (102), and the shaft diameters of all sections from the shaft shoulder section (102) downwards to the thread section (107) decrease in sequence; a threaded blind hole with an upward opening is arranged in the top end gear mounting section (101), a key groove is arranged on the side surface of the threaded blind hole, a first gear (2) is fixedly mounted on the top end gear mounting section (101), a flat key positioned in the key groove is embedded in a key groove through hole in a shaft hole of the first gear (2), the lower end surface of the first gear (2) is connected with the upper end surface of the shaft shoulder section (102), and the upper end surface of the first gear is tightly pressed by a fixing bolt (3) vertically downwards screwed into the threaded blind hole, so that the first gear (2) is fixed on the end gear mounting section (101); the rolling bearing mounting section (105) is also provided with a rolling bearing (8), and the inner ring of the rolling bearing (8) is in interference connection with the rolling bearing mounting section (105); a second gear (9) is connected to the tail end gear mounting section (106) through a key, and a limiting ring (10) is arranged between the second gear (9) and the rolling bearing (8); the lower end face of the second gear (9) is tightly pressed by a fastening nut (11) screwed on the threaded section (107), a positioning taper pin hole with a large end face facing downwards is axially arranged on a threaded connection face between the fastening nut (11) and the threaded section (107), a taper pin (12) is arranged in the taper pin hole, and when the fastening nut (11) is screwed in place, a positioning taper pin hole part on the fastening nut (11) is aligned with a positioning taper pin hole part on the threaded section (107); the second gear (9) is meshed with the third gear (33), the third gear (33) and the second transmission shaft (35) are located in the second transmission shaft mounting hole together, the lower end face of the third gear (33) is connected with the upper end face of a shaft shoulder on the second transmission shaft (35), a limit collar (34) is arranged on the upper end face of the third gear (33), and rolling bearings are respectively arranged on two sides of the limit collar (34) and the shaft shoulder on the second transmission shaft (35); the lower end surfaces of the thread section (107) and the second transmission shaft (35) are respectively provided with an axial propping device (36), the top end of the axial propping device (36) is provided with a cone (3601) with a tip, and the cone (3601) stretches into conical holes of the lower end surfaces of the thread section (107) and the second transmission shaft (35); an optical axis section (3602) at the lower end of the axial jacking device (36) is in interference connection with the inner ring of the thrust bearing (37); a disc spring (38) is further arranged at the bottom of the optical axis section (3602), the small end face of the disc spring (38) faces upwards, the large end face of the disc spring is positioned in a blind hole of the shell (29), a circular pad table (39) fixed at the bottom of the blind hole is further coaxially arranged in the disc spring (38), and the thickness of the circular pad table (39) is smaller than the height of the disc spring (38); an annular flat pad (13) made of hard alloy is arranged between the nut of the fixing bolt (3) and the first gear (2), the diameter of the outer circle of the flat pad (13) is larger than that of the shaft shoulder section (102), and the diameter of the root circle of the first gear (2) is larger than that of the outer circle of the flat pad (13); the cross section of the small groove (501) is arc-shaped, and the two sides of the opening of the small groove (501) are connected with the inner wall of the graphite bearing (5) in a smooth transition mode.

2. The vertical reduction gear according to claim 1, wherein: the limit ring (14) and the bearing sleeve (4) are integrally formed.

3. The vertical reduction gear according to claim 1, wherein: the limit ring (14) is in threaded connection with the bearing sleeve (4).

4. The vertical reduction gear according to claim 2, wherein: the bearing sleeve (4) is a conical sleeve with a large upper part and a small lower part.

5. A vertical reduction gear according to claim 3, wherein: the bearing sleeve (4) is a conical sleeve with a large upper part and a small lower part.

6. The vertical reduction gear according to claim 1, wherein: the deepest part of the small groove (501) is consistent with the depth of the large groove (502), and the cross section of the large groove (502) is rectangular.

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