CN106756299A - 一种高延伸率硅铝合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高延伸率硅铝合金及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106756299A CN106756299A CN201611232480.XA CN201611232480A CN106756299A CN 106756299 A CN106756299 A CN 106756299A CN 201611232480 A CN201611232480 A CN 201611232480A CN 106756299 A CN106756299 A CN 106756299A
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- silico
- elongation
- aluminium
- alloy
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound 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[Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound 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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium Chemical compound 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[Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making alloys
- C22C1/06—Making alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
本发明提供了一种高延伸率硅铝合金，包括：Si、Cu、Mg、Mn、Ti、Sr、Zr、Cr、Fe、B、V、Zn、Re、Sn、Pb、Li、Ni、La，其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。该球墨铸铁包括多种非金属、金属和过渡金属元素，这些元素的加入并互相配合，提高了空调压缩机缸体的抗氧化性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨蚀性以及抗压及抗震能力，从而延长了空调压缩机缸体在恶劣工况下的使用寿命。
Description
一种高延伸率硅铝合金及其制备方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于合金材料领域，特别涉及一种高延伸率硅铝合金，还涉及该硅铝合金 的制备方法。
背景技术
[0002] 铝硅合金由于具有密度小、流动性好、比强度高等优点，广泛用于航空航天、石化、 汽车、机械、民用等领域。然而，现有铝硅合金材料通常包括铝、硅、镁、铁、铜、锌等成分，由 于合金中各元素的含量不同，因此各元素在合金中空间分布差异较大，导致各合金综合性 能不同，特别是力学性能上差异较大。
发明内容
[0003] 发明目的：为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种耐磨性好、硬度高、耐冲 击性好、使用寿命长的高延伸率硅铝合金及其制备方法。
[0004] 技术方案:本发明提供的一种高延伸率硅铝合金，包括以下重量百分比的组份:Si 4.3-5.7%,Cu 0.12-0.37% ,Mg 0.89-0.98% ,Mn 0.36-0.48 % , Ti 0.11-0.28 % , Sr 0.12-0.18% ,Zr 0.16-0.24 % , Cr 0.42-0.56 % , Fe 0.66-0.76%,B 0.54-0.68%,V 0.60-0.76% ,Zn 0.36-0.46 % ,Re 0.21-0.30 % , Sn 0.46-0.58% ,Pb 0.36-0.44% ,Li 0.42-0.56%，Ni 0.33-0.42%，La 0.02-0.04%，其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为 100%〇
[0005] 优选地，包括以下重量百分比的组份：314.8-5.4%，〇1〇.2〇-〇.28%，]\%0.92-0.96%,Mn 0.40-0.44% ,Ti 0.2〇-〇. 26% , Sr 0.14-0.16% ,Zr 0.2〇-〇. 22% , Cr 0.48-0.52%,Fe 0.68-0.72%,B 0.58-0.64%,V 0.64-0.70 % , Zn 0.4〇-〇 . 42 % , Re 0.24-0.26%,Sn 0.50-0.52% ,Pb 0.4〇-〇. 42% ,Li 0.48-0.50 % ,Ni 0.38-0.40% ,La 0.02-0.04%，其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
[0006] 更优选地，包括以下重量百分比的组份：Si 5.2%，Cu 0.24%，Mg 0.94%，Mn 0.42%,Ti 0.24%,Sr 0.15%,Zr 0.21%,Cr 0.50%,Fe 0.70%,B 0.60%,V 0.68%,Zn 0.41%，Re 0.25%，Sn 0.51%，Pb 0.41%，Li 0.49%，Ni 0.39%，La 0.03%，其余为铝， 各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
[0007] 本发明还提供了一种高延伸率硅铝合金的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
[0008] (1)按待制备铝硅合金的各元素重量份选料，同时控制原料中的有害元素含量，
[0009] 其中：S含量<0.008%，P含量<0.025% ;将原料于熔炼炉内熔炼，得熔炼液；
[0010] (2)以氩气为载体将精炼剂粉喷入熔炼炉内对熔炼液精炼，扒渣，即得合金液；
[0011] (3)合金液经过滤、浇铸、冷却，即得。
[0012] 步骤⑴中，熔炼温度为810-820°C。
[0013] 步骤（2)中，所述精炼剂为无钠精炼剂，精炼温度为720-730 °C，精炼时间为30-50min〇
[0014] 有益效果:本发明提供的铝硅合金重量轻、质量好、强度高、塑性高、延伸率高，流 动性能好，压铸产品时易脱模，制备工艺简单、成本较低。
[0015] 该铝硅合金纯度高、质量好，铁、铜、锌作为该铝合金中最有害的元素，导致铝合金 中富铁相易长成粗大的针片状，从而使铝硅合金塑性降低，本发明通过严格控制铁、铜、锌 的含量，从而提高了铝硅合金的强度和塑性。
[0016] 该铝硅合金中硅含量较高，使硅的结晶温度能够接近共晶点，从而可极大的减少 合金中缩松缺陷的形成，显著提高铸件组织的致密度，从而进一步提高了合金的塑性。
[0017] 该铝硅合金中镁含量较低，镁含量提高尽管可以提高铝合金强度，然而却会同时 降低铝硅合金的塑性，镁含量过高时未固溶的Mg2Si相分布于晶界会对铝合金的塑性造成 较大影响。
[0018] 该铝硅合金中锶含量较高，有利于合金净化熔体、去除杂质、细化枝晶组织、阻碍 再结晶和晶粒长大、提高合金热稳定性，使有害的粗大针状、棒状或片状的β-FeAlSi相在铸 造时之间变为对合金热加工性能及力学性能影响小的圆润的团块状α-FeAlSi相，从而提高 该铝硅合金的强度和塑性;同时有利于改善压铸产品的脱模性能。
[0019] 本发明提供的铝硅合金的制备方法工艺简单，操作简便，成本低廉，通过喷粉精 炼、氩气排氢气，过滤除渣，净化了铝硅合金的纯度，减少了孔洞缺陷，使制备的铝硅合金强 度高、塑性高。通过本发明的制备方法可将该硅铝合金制备成硅铝合金锭，从而使运输、使 用更方便。
具体实施方式
[0020] 根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实 施例所描述的具体的物料配比、工艺条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限 制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
[0021] 实施例1
[0022] 高延伸率硅铝合金，包括以下重量百分比的组份：Si 5.2%，Cu 0.24%，Mg 0.94%,Mn 0.42%,Ti 0.24%,Sr 0.15%,Zr 0.21%,Cr 0.50%,Fe 0.70%,B 0.60%,V 0.68%,Zn 0.41%,Re 0.25%,Sn 0.51%,Pb 0.41%,Li 0.49%,Ni 0.39%,La 0.03%, 其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
[0023] 上述高延伸率硅铝合金的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
[0024] (1)按待制备铝硅合金的各元素重量份选料，同时控制原料中的有害元素含量，其 中：S含量<0.008%，P含量<0.025% ;将原料于熔炼炉内810-820°C熔炼，得熔炼液；
[0025] (2)以氩气为载体将精炼剂粉喷入熔炼炉内对熔炼液720-730°C精炼30-50min，扒 渣，即得合金液；
[0026] (3)合金液经过滤、浇铸、冷却，即得。
[0027] 实施例2
[0028] 高延伸率硅铝合金，包括以下重量百分比的组份：Si 5.4%，Cu 0.28%，Mg 0.96%,Mn 0.44%,Ti 0.26%,Sr 0.16%,Zr 0.20%,Cr 0.48%,Fe 0.68%,B 0.64%,V 0.70%,Zn 0.42%,Re 0.26%,Sn 0.52%,Pb 0.42%,Li 0.50%,Ni 0.40%,La 0.04%, 其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
[0029] 上述高延伸率硅铝合金的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
[0030] (1)按待制备铝硅合金的各元素重量份选料，同时控制原料中的有害元素含量，其 中：S含量<0.008%，P含量<0.025% ;将原料于熔炼炉内810-820°C熔炼，得熔炼液；
[0031] ⑵以氩气为载体将精炼剂粉喷入熔炼炉内对熔炼液720-730°C精炼30-50min，扒 渣，即得合金液；
[0032] (3)合金液经过滤、浇铸、冷却，即得。
[0033] 实施例3
[0034] 高延伸率硅铝合金，包括以下重量百分比的组份：Si 4.8%，Cu 0.20%，Mg 0.92%,Mn 0.40%,Ti 0.20%,Sr 0.14%,Zr 0.22%,Cr 0.52%,Fe 0.72%,B 0.58%,V 0.64%,Zn 0.40%,Re 0.24%,Sn 0.50%,Pb 0.40%,Li 0.48%,Ni 0.38%,La 0.02%, 其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
[0035] 实施例4
[0036] 高延伸率硅铝合金，包括以下重量百分比的组份：Si 4.3%，Cu 0.12%，Mg 0.89%,Mn 0.36%,Ti 0.11%,Sr 0.12%,Zr 0.16%,Cr 0.42%,Fe 0.66%,B 0.54%,V 0.60%,Zn 0.46%,Re 0.30%,Sn 0.58%,Pb 0.36%,Li 0.42%,Ni 0.33%,La 0.02%, 其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
[0037] 实施例5
[0038] 高延伸率硅铝合金，包括以下重量百分比的组份：Si 5.7%，Cu 0.37%，Mg 0.98%,Mn 0.48%,Ti 0.28%,Sr 0.18%,Zr 0.24%,Cr 0.56%,Fe 0.76%,B 0.68%, VO.76%,Zn 0.36%,Re 0.21%,Sn 0.46%,Pb 0.44%,Li 0.56%,Ni 0.42%,La 0.04%，其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
[0039] 实施例6
[0040] 对实施例1至5的铝硅合金测定其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率。
[0041] 测定仪器:CMT4503万能电子实验机，结果见表1。
[0042] 表1实施例1至11的合金性能
Claims (6)
1. 一种高延伸率硅铝合金，其特征在于:包括以下重量百分比的组份:Si 4.3-5.7%，Cu 0.12-0.37%,Mg 0.89-0.98%,Mn 0.36-0.48%,Ti 0.11-0.28%,Sr 0.12-0.18%,Zr 0.16-0•24%，Cr 0.42-0.56%，Fe 0.66-0.76%，B 0.54-0.68%，V 0.60-0.76%，Zn 0.36-0.46%，Re 0.21-0.30%,Sn 0.46-0.58%,Pb 0.36-0.44%,Li 0.42-0.56%,Ni 0.33-0.42%,La 0.02-0.04%，其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高延伸率硅铝合金，其特征在于:包括以下重量百分比的 组份：Si 4.8-5.4%，Cu 0.20-0.28%，Mg 0.92-0.96%，Mn 0.40-0.44%，Ti 0.20-0.26%，Sr
0.14-0.16%,Zr 0.20-0.22%,Cr 0.48-0.52%,Fe 0.68-0.72%,B 0.58-0.64%,V 0.64-
0.70%，Zn 0.40-0.42%，Re 0.24-0.26%，Sn 0.50-0.52%，Pb 0.40-0.42%，Li 0.48-0.50%， Ni 0.38-0.40%，La 0.02-0.04%，其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高延伸率硅铝合金，其特征在于:包括以下重量百分比的 组份：Si 5.2%，Cu 0.24%，Mg 0.94%，Mn 0.42%，Ti 0.24%，Sr 0.15%，Zr 0.21%，Cr 0.50%， Fe 0.70%,B 0.60%,V 0.68%,Zn 0.41%,Re 0.25%,Sn 0.51%,Pb 0.41%,Li 0.49%,Ni
0.39%，La 0.03%，其余为铝，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
4. 一种高延伸率硅铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于:包括以下步骤： 按待制备铝硅合金的各元素重量份选料，同时控制原料中的有害元素含量，其中：S含 量<0.008%，P含量<0.025%;将原料于熔炼炉内熔炼，得熔炼液； 以氩气为载体将精炼剂粉喷入熔炼炉内对熔炼液精炼，扒渣，即得合金液； 合金液经过滤、浇铸、冷却，即得。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种高延伸率硅铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于:步骤(1)中， 熔炼温度为810-820 °C。
6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种高延伸率硅铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于:步骤(2)中， 所述精炼剂为无钠精炼剂，精炼温度为720-730°C，精炼时间为30-50min。
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