CN106718848A - A kind of waxy wheat hybrid seed production method - Google Patents
A kind of waxy wheat hybrid seed production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718848A CN106718848A CN201710017887.9A CN201710017887A CN106718848A CN 106718848 A CN106718848 A CN 106718848A CN 201710017887 A CN201710017887 A CN 201710017887A CN 106718848 A CN106718848 A CN 106718848A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The present invention relates to waxy wheat hybrid seed production method, it is therefore an objective to provide a kind of waxy wheat hybrid seed production method that can improve breeding efficiency.Waxy wheat hybrid seed production method, comprises the following steps：The field planting mode of male parent and female parent：According to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, male parent:Female parent presses 1:Row plantation between 2 row ratios；Form a female unit of a father two；During wheat heading stage, by production of hybrid seeds cage in the female unit enclosure of each father two；The production of hybrid seeds cage includes：Isolation cover stent, nylon cloth, slide fastener, pocket enclosing cover；During artificial supplementary pollination, male parent flowering loose powder, powder, continuous 5~7 days are manually caught up with by cage handle hole daily；Seed is harvested, and in the maturity period, removes cage, and each female parent is harvested respectively, obtains cenospecies.The present invention is easy to artificial supplementary pollination to operate, it is ensured that uniform stabilization of the operation to effect in same unit.It also avoid operating blind area.Cage using effect compared with prior art is more preferable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheat breeding technology, and in particular to a kind of waxy wheat hybrid seed production method.
Background technology
Wheat is that total output is most in the world, the cereal crops being of high nutritive value.With the further increase of the size of population,
Per capita area of cultivated farmland is reduced year by year, and food problem is one of matter of utmost importance that we currently face.During hybrid vigour is living nature
A kind of universal phenomenon.At present, it is one of major measure of raising wheat yield using wheat heterosis.Wheat is using miscellaneous
The main path of the advantage of kind has three：Both " three line method ", " two line method " and " chemical emasculation method ", the present invention was only for first two side
Method.
Three line method refers to that sterile line, maintainer and restorer are carried out into three series mating, and sterile line is female parent, and maintainer is father
This, alternate plantation, it is still male sterility that sterile line bears seeds lower generation, and sterile line continues to breed or to preparing hybrid kind；With
Sterile line is female parent, and restorer is male parent, alternate plantation, and sterile line pollen is awarded by restorer, is produced on sterile line plant
Seed be cenospecies.
Two line method refers to that only photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility system and restorer two is supporting.Photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility is by recessive main
Gene is controlled, and the expression of its fertility is influenceed by extraneous Thermo-Photo sensitive.In sensitive periods, when environment temperature is in critical male sterile temperature model
When enclosing, complete infertility is shown as, at this moment sterile line can be used to and the restorer production of hybrid seeds；Critical-temperature model can be educated when environment temperature exceeds
When enclosing, sterile line recovers normally educate again, the breeding of sterile line self-fertility.
Whether three line method or two line method, it is necessary to manually give sterile line set sheepskin after heading during Parented selected mating of hybridization
Paper bag, then manually authorize restorer pollen, especially to the advantageous combination Yield comparison stage, each hybrid combination need to the amount of kind it is larger,
The a large amount of baggings in field and the artificial operation of pollination, even more time-consuming inefficiency of taking a lot of work.Limit hybrid wheat advantageous combination mass
Seed production efficiency.In order to solve this problem, also have using peasant's Around the house patch, or plantation long-stalked crops form barrier
Isolated area carries out many mother's hybrid seedings of a father.Obviously such isolation condition will every year accomplish very bothersome also unstable.Therefore need
Want a kind of method for being easy to isolation to keep breeding quality.
And prior art is in breeding process, especially chemical fertilizer not only causes to waste excessively to apply fertilizer, Er Qiehui
Environment is polluted, the ecological balance is destroyed；Or fertilising deficiency causes breeding poor quality.Therefore, a kind of energy is needed at present
The rational application of fertilizer is carried out to breeding field with enough suiting measures to local conditions and the fertilizing method of dose is controlled.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of waxy wheat hybrid seed production method that can improve breeding efficiency.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of waxy wheat cross breeding seed side
Method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, selects the glutinous matter sterile line wheat of stabilization characteristics of genetics as female parent, selects the recovery of stabilization characteristics of genetics
It is wheat as male parent；More than generation, selfing 100% is sterile, plant height≤85cm for sterile line wheat backcrossing four；Restorer wheat recovers
Rate and restoring degree ＞ 85%, plant height is in more than 85cm；
The field planting mode of step 2, male parent and female parent：According to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, male parent:Female parent presses 1:Row between 2 row ratios
Plantation；Form a female unit of a father two；
Step 3, during wheat heading stage, by production of hybrid seeds cage in the female unit enclosure of each father two；The production of hybrid seeds cage bag
Include：Isolation cover stent, nylon cloth, slide fastener, pocket enclosing cover；
Isolation cover stent constitutes the framework of wheat production of hybrid seeds cage；Nylon cloth is covered on isolation cover stent and constitutes isolation
Cover；Slide fastener is arranged on cage, the composition that unzips cage handle hole；Pocket enclosing cover is located at the top of slide fastener；Wheat is planted
Strain is located at the inside of cage；
The production of hybrid seeds cage is 4.5m long, 1.2m wide, 1.8m high；The two ends of cage length direction are respectively installed by 1 drawing
Chain, slide fastener is U-shaped, slide fastener total length 1.2m, and the tip of the tongue position of U-shaped is down and apart from ground 0.6m；Cage top is along cover length
Direction is evenly arranged multiple air dispelling holes, air dispelling hole aperture 0.05m, and air dispelling hole on adjacent cage is separately；On air dispelling hole
This size nylon film big compared with air dispelling hole is covered, a lateral edges of film are fixed on cage；Cage bottom is along edge
The small screen window in many places is set, and small screen window is enough to ventilative but isolates pollen.
During step 4, artificial supplementary pollination, male parent flowering loose powder, powder is manually caught up with by cage handle hole daily, continuously
5~7 days；
Step 5, seed is harvested, and in the maturity period, removes cage, and each female parent is harvested respectively, obtains cenospecies.
Preferably：Whole breeding process carries out Tree Precise Fertilization by fertilization control system to soil；
The fertilization control system include control centre, the control centre respectively with detection group, information input unit, beat
Print machine and warning lamp are connected；The detection group includes soil moisture sensor, salt sub-sensor and pH probe, described information input
Unit includes keyboard and USB interface, and the warning lamp includes moisture warning lamp, salinity warning lamp and acidity warning lamp；
Tree Precise Fertilization is comprised the following steps that：
1) Soil K+adsorption：To plant wheat soil nutrient detect, then by testing result, wheat uptake characters and
Implantation time is input into fertilization control system by described information input block, is printed in the growth cycle of wheat through system-computed
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer total amount；
2) fertilising is calculated：Apply fertilizer in three times, according to the 40~45% of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating, phosphate fertilizer total amount 85~
90% and potash fertilizer total amount 65~68% applying base manure；Tillering stage according to the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating 32~34%, phosphate fertilizer it is total
27~30% applyings of 10~15% and potash fertilizer total amount of amount are topdressed；Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage according to the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating 22~
26% and potash fertilizer total amount 2~8% applying ear manuer；
3) soil monitoring：The basic condition of soil is monitored by the detection group of the fertilization control system, once
Moisture, salinity or acidity in soil exceed the limit value of control centre's setting, then control centre contacts corresponding warning lamp and sends
Warning；
4) supplementary fertilizer is calculated：The fertilising control centre changes according to the moisture before and after fertilising in soil, salinity and acidity to be sentenced
Disconnected wheat nourishment, calculates corresponding additional quantity and prints when wheat needs additional nutrition, and then basis is calculated
Additional quantity carry out supplementary fertilizer.
Preferably：Described control centre uses dsp chip；Described soil moisture sensor is using Decagon's
5TE。
The invention has the advantages that：The present invention is single with a father two female (restorer and two sterile lines)
Unit, the male parent restorer free pollination in production of hybrid seeds cage, harvests to obtain seed from maternal sterile line, is exactly cenospecies.In this way,
Field can set the female unit of multiple fathers two.In this way, each cross combination can be with the hybrid seed of production lot, both
Can be used for the research that the strong advantage Identification of cross combination can be used in terms of Heterotic Genetic again, substantially increase hybridization
The batch seed production efficiency of wheat advantageous combination.And by the optimised to cage sum, one is only adapted in each cage
It is unit that father two is female, is easy to artificial supplementary pollination to operate, it is ensured that uniform stabilization of the operation to effect in same unit.Also avoid
Operation blind area.Cage using effect compared with prior art is more preferable, improves breeding efficiency.
And detected by soil, conjunction can be calculated using its testing result and with reference to the uptake characters of wheat
The dose of reason, is accurately applied fertilizer, pollution and destruction this not only reduces excessive fertilizer to environment, is also greatly improved
The utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces production cost, increased farmers' income.Additionally, being supervised to soil in wheat developmental process
Survey, unfavorable environmental factor can be avoided to cause wheat yield.When water shortage, fertilizer deficiency or acidity are not suitable in soil, warning
Lantern festival reminds people moisturizing, supplementary fertilizer or to add certain plant ash or organic fertilizer to improve the growing environment of wheat in time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cage schematic diagram of the invention；
The circuit theory diagrams of fertilization control system in Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of detection group.
Specific embodiment
In a kind of waxy wheat hybrid seed production method that the present invention is provided, used calculating and monitoring process passes through
Fertilization control system is completed.As shown in figure 1, the fertilization control system include control centre, the control centre respectively with spy
The connection of survey group, information input unit, printer and warning lamp.Described control centre can use single-chip microcomputer, to realize that it is recorded
Enter data and carry out the function of computing, it is preferred that described control centre uses dsp chip.
As shown in Fig. 2 the detection group includes soil moisture sensor, salt sub-sensor and pH probe, described soil
Moisture transducer can simultaneously determine moisture, electrical conductivity and the temperature of soil using the 5TE of Decagon, obtain more comprehensively
Information.Detection group is monitored to the basic condition of soil, to make in time in the environment for occurring being unfavorable for wheat growth
Go out to remind.Described information input block includes keyboard and USB interface, and operating personnel can be by keyboard or USB interface by correlation
The basic condition of information, such as soil, the growth characteristics of wheat input control centre, make control centre calculate required fertilising
Amount, accomplishes to suit measures to local conditions.The warning lamp includes moisture warning lamp, salinity warning lamp and acidity warning lamp, once in soil
The limit value that moisture, salinity or acidity set beyond control centre, corresponding warning lamp will remind people to take measures.
Lower mask body provides several groups of embodiments of different breeding practices, so that those skilled in the art more understand this hair
Bright technical scheme and effect.
Embodiment one
Waxy wheat hybrid seed production method, according to the following steps：
Step 1, selects the glutinous matter sterile line wheat of stabilization characteristics of genetics as female parent, selects the recovery of stabilization characteristics of genetics
It is wheat as male parent；More than generation, selfing 100% is sterile, plant height≤85cm for sterile line wheat backcrossing four；Restorer wheat recovers
Rate and restoring degree ＞ 85%, plant height is in more than 85cm；
The field planting mode of step 2, male parent and female parent：According to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, male parent:Female parent presses 1:Row between 2 row ratios
Plantation；Form a female unit of a father two；
Step 3, during wheat heading stage, by production of hybrid seeds cage in the female unit enclosure of each father two；The production of hybrid seeds cage bag
Include：Isolation cover stent, nylon cloth, slide fastener, pocket enclosing cover；
Isolation cover stent constitutes the framework of wheat production of hybrid seeds cage；Nylon cloth is covered on isolation cover stent and constitutes isolation
Cover；Slide fastener is arranged on cage, the composition that unzips cage handle hole；Pocket enclosing cover is located at the top of slide fastener；Wheat is planted
Strain is located at the inside of cage；
The production of hybrid seeds cage is 4.5m long, 1.2m wide, 1.8m high；The two ends of cage length direction are respectively installed by 1 drawing
Chain, slide fastener is U-shaped, slide fastener total length 1.2m, and down and apart from ground 0.6m, the two ends of U-shaped are apart from top edge at the tip of the tongue position of U-shaped
0.2m, the both sides about 0.4m of both sides isolation by distance cover width；
Cage top is evenly arranged multiple air dispelling holes, air dispelling hole aperture 0.05m, and adjacent cage along cover length direction
On air dispelling hole separately；This size nylon film big compared with air dispelling hole is covered on air dispelling hole, a lateral edges of film are fixed on
On cage；Cage bottom sets the small screen window in many places along edge, and small screen window is enough to ventilative but isolates pollen.Such daytime temperature
Raised and cage upper air flowing effect faster by air pressure inside when high, air-flow is outwardly all the time, it is to avoid
Pollen interference between each unit, temperature is high in night cage, and it is scattered to cause that nylon film is stably covered by the effect of condensate
Stomata plays insulation effect.
During step 4, artificial supplementary pollination, male parent flowering loose powder, powder is manually caught up with by cage handle hole daily, continuously
5~7 days；
Step 5, seed is harvested, and in the maturity period, removes cage, and each female parent is harvested respectively, obtains cenospecies.
The detailed process applied fertilizer in breeding process：
1) Soil K+adsorption：Soil nutrient to planting wheat detects that testing result is as shown in table 1：
The soil nutrient testing result (one) of table 1
| Nutrient | Organic matter (%) | Available nitrogen (mg/kg) | Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) | PH value |
| Content | 2.56 | 138 | 16 | 75 | 5.8 |
Then testing result, wheat uptake characters and implantation time are input into fertilising control by described information input block
System, nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer total amount in the growth cycle of wheat are printed through system-computed；
2) fertilising is calculated：Apply fertilizer in three times, according to the 42% of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating, the 87% of phosphate fertilizer total amount and potash fertilizer
68% applying base manure of total amount；Tillering stage is according to 33%, the 13% of phosphate fertilizer total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating and potash fertilizer total amount
28% applying topdress；Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage applies ear manuer according to the 4% of 25% and potash fertilizer total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating；
3) soil monitoring：The basic condition of soil is monitored by the detection group of the fertilization control system, once
Moisture, salinity or acidity in soil exceed the limit value of control centre's setting, then control centre contacts corresponding warning lamp and sends
Warning；
4) supplementary fertilizer is calculated：The fertilising control centre changes according to the moisture before and after fertilising in soil, salinity and acidity to be sentenced
Disconnected wheat nourishment, calculates corresponding additional quantity and prints when wheat needs additional nutrition, and then basis is calculated
Additional quantity carry out supplementary fertilizer.
After small wheat harvesting, soil nutrient is detected again, testing result is as shown in table 2：
The soil nutrient testing result (two) of table 2
| Nutrient | Organic matter (%) | Available nitrogen (mg/kg) | Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) | PH value |
| Content | 2.32 | 115 | 18 | 82 | 6.0 |
As seen from the above table, the fertilizing method that the present invention is provided is not polluted and destroyed to soil.
Embodiment two
Waxy wheat hybrid seed production method, according to the following steps：
Step 1, selects the glutinous matter sterile line wheat of stabilization characteristics of genetics as female parent, selects the recovery of stabilization characteristics of genetics
It is wheat as male parent；More than generation, selfing 100% is sterile, plant height≤85cm for sterile line wheat backcrossing four；Restorer wheat recovers
Rate and restoring degree ＞ 85%, plant height is in more than 85cm；
The field planting mode of step 2, male parent and female parent：According to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, male parent:Female parent presses 1:Row between 2 row ratios
Plantation；Form a female unit of a father two；
Step 3, during wheat heading stage, by production of hybrid seeds cage in the female unit enclosure of each father two；The production of hybrid seeds cage bag
Include：Isolation cover stent, nylon cloth, slide fastener, pocket enclosing cover；
Isolation cover stent constitutes the framework of wheat production of hybrid seeds cage；Nylon cloth is covered on isolation cover stent and constitutes isolation
Cover；Slide fastener is arranged on cage, the composition that unzips cage handle hole；Pocket enclosing cover is located at the top of slide fastener；Wheat is planted
Strain is located at the inside of cage；
The production of hybrid seeds cage is 4.5m long, 1.2m wide, 1.8m high；The two ends of cage length direction are respectively installed by 1 drawing
Chain, slide fastener is U-shaped, slide fastener total length 1.2m, and down and apart from ground 0.6m, the two ends of U-shaped are apart from top edge at the tip of the tongue position of U-shaped
0.2m, the both sides about 0.4m of both sides isolation by distance cover width；
Cage top is evenly arranged multiple air dispelling holes, air dispelling hole aperture 0.05m, and adjacent cage along cover length direction
On air dispelling hole separately；This size nylon film big compared with air dispelling hole is covered on air dispelling hole, a lateral edges of film are fixed on
On cage；Cage bottom sets the small screen window in many places along edge, and small screen window is enough to ventilative but isolates pollen.Such daytime temperature
Raised and cage upper air flowing effect faster by air pressure inside when high, air-flow is outwardly all the time, it is to avoid
Pollen interference between each unit, temperature is high in night cage, and it is scattered to cause that nylon film is stably covered by the effect of condensate
Stomata plays insulation effect.
During step 4, artificial supplementary pollination, male parent flowering loose powder, powder is manually caught up with by cage handle hole daily, continuously
5~7 days；
Step 5, seed is harvested, and in the maturity period, removes cage, and each female parent is harvested respectively, obtains cenospecies.
The detailed process applied fertilizer in breeding process：
1) Soil K+adsorption：Soil nutrient to planting wheat detects that testing result is as shown in table 3：
The soil nutrient testing result (three) of table 3
| Nutrient | Organic matter (%) | Available nitrogen (mg/kg) | Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) | PH value |
| Content | 1.85 | 92 | 11 | 63 | 6.2 |
Then testing result, wheat uptake characters and implantation time are input into fertilising control by described information input block
System, nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer total amount in the growth cycle of wheat are printed through system-computed；
2) fertilising is calculated：Apply fertilizer in three times, according to the 45% of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating, the 90% of phosphate fertilizer total amount and potash fertilizer
68% applying base manure of total amount；Tillering stage is according to 32%, the 10% of phosphate fertilizer total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating and potash fertilizer total amount
27% applying topdress；Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage applies ear manuer according to the 5% of 23% and potash fertilizer total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating；
3) soil monitoring：The basic condition of soil is monitored by the detection group of the fertilization control system, once
Moisture, salinity or acidity in soil exceed the limit value of control centre's setting, then control centre contacts corresponding warning lamp and sends
Warning；
4) supplementary fertilizer is calculated：The fertilising control centre changes according to the moisture before and after fertilising in soil, salinity and acidity to be sentenced
Disconnected wheat nourishment, calculates corresponding additional quantity and prints when wheat needs additional nutrition, and then basis is calculated
Additional quantity carry out supplementary fertilizer.
After small wheat harvesting, soil nutrient is detected again, testing result is as shown in table 4：
The soil nutrient testing result (four) of table 4
| Nutrient | Organic matter (%) | Available nitrogen (mg/kg) | Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) | PH value |
| Content | 1.78 | 86 | 12 | 65 | 6.1 |
As seen from the above table, the fertilizing method that the present invention is provided is not polluted and destroyed to soil.
Embodiment three
Waxy wheat hybrid seed production method, according to the following steps：
Step 1, selects the glutinous matter sterile line wheat of stabilization characteristics of genetics as female parent, selects the recovery of stabilization characteristics of genetics
It is wheat as male parent；More than generation, selfing 100% is sterile, plant height≤85cm for sterile line wheat backcrossing four；Restorer wheat recovers
Rate and restoring degree ＞ 85%, plant height is in more than 85cm；
The field planting mode of step 2, male parent and female parent：According to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, male parent:Female parent presses 1:Row between 2 row ratios
Plantation；Form a female unit of a father two；
Step 3, during wheat heading stage, by production of hybrid seeds cage in the female unit enclosure of each father two；The production of hybrid seeds cage bag
Include：Isolation cover stent, nylon cloth, slide fastener, pocket enclosing cover；
Isolation cover stent constitutes the framework of wheat production of hybrid seeds cage；Nylon cloth is covered on isolation cover stent and constitutes isolation
Cover；Slide fastener is arranged on cage, the composition that unzips cage handle hole；Pocket enclosing cover is located at the top of slide fastener；Wheat is planted
Strain is located at the inside of cage；
The production of hybrid seeds cage is 4.5m long, 1.2m wide, 1.8m high；The two ends of cage length direction are respectively installed by 1 drawing
Chain, slide fastener is U-shaped, slide fastener total length 1.2m, and down and apart from ground 0.6m, the two ends of U-shaped are apart from top edge at the tip of the tongue position of U-shaped
0.2m, the both sides about 0.4m of both sides isolation by distance cover width；
Cage top is evenly arranged multiple air dispelling holes, air dispelling hole aperture 0.05m, and adjacent cage along cover length direction
On air dispelling hole separately；This size nylon film big compared with air dispelling hole is covered on air dispelling hole, a lateral edges of film are fixed on
On cage；Cage bottom sets the small screen window in many places along edge, and small screen window is enough to ventilative but isolates pollen.Such daytime temperature
Raised and cage upper air flowing effect faster by air pressure inside when high, air-flow is outwardly all the time, it is to avoid
Pollen interference between each unit, temperature is high in night cage, and it is scattered to cause that nylon film is stably covered by the effect of condensate
Stomata plays insulation effect.
During step 4, artificial supplementary pollination, male parent flowering loose powder, powder is manually caught up with by cage handle hole daily, continuously
5~7 days；
Step 5, seed is harvested, and in the maturity period, removes cage, and each female parent is harvested respectively, obtains cenospecies.
The detailed process applied fertilizer in breeding process：
1) Soil K+adsorption：Soil nutrient to planting wheat detects that testing result is as shown in table 5：
The soil nutrient testing result (five) of table 5
| Nutrient | Organic matter (%) | Available nitrogen (mg/kg) | Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) | PH value |
| Content | 3.46 | 148 | 27 | 133 | 6.5 |
Then testing result, wheat uptake characters and implantation time are input into fertilising control by described information input block
System, nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer total amount in the growth cycle of wheat are printed through system-computed；
2) fertilising is calculated：Apply fertilizer in three times, according to the 40% of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating, the 85% of phosphate fertilizer total amount and potash fertilizer
65% applying base manure of total amount；Tillering stage is according to 34%, the 15% of phosphate fertilizer total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating and potash fertilizer total amount
30% applying topdress；Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage applies ear manuer according to the 5% of 26% and potash fertilizer total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating；
3) soil monitoring：The basic condition of soil is monitored by the detection group of the fertilization control system, once
Moisture, salinity or acidity in soil exceed the limit value of control centre's setting, then control centre contacts corresponding warning lamp and sends
Warning；
4) supplementary fertilizer is calculated：The fertilising control centre changes according to the moisture before and after fertilising in soil, salinity and acidity to be sentenced
Disconnected wheat nourishment, calculates corresponding additional quantity and prints when wheat needs additional nutrition, and then basis is calculated
Additional quantity carry out supplementary fertilizer.
After small wheat harvesting, soil nutrient is detected again, testing result is as shown in table 6：
The soil nutrient testing result (six) of table 6
| Nutrient | Organic matter (%) | Available nitrogen (mg/kg) | Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) | PH value |
| Content | 3.5 | 142 | 25 | 138 | 6.4 |
As seen from the above table, the fertilizing method that the present invention is provided is not polluted and destroyed to soil.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of waxy wheat hybrid seed production method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, selects the glutinous matter sterile line wheat of stabilization characteristics of genetics as female parent, selects the restorer of stabilization characteristics of genetics small
Wheat is used as male parent；More than generation, selfing 100% is sterile, plant height≤85cm for sterile line wheat backcrossing four；Restorer wheat recovery rate and
Restoring degree ＞ 85%, plant height is in more than 85cm；
The field planting mode of step 2, male parent and female parent：According to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, male parent:Female parent presses 1:Row plantation between 2 row ratios；
Form a female unit of a father two；
Step 3, during wheat heading stage, by production of hybrid seeds cage in the female unit enclosure of each father two；The production of hybrid seeds cage includes：Every
From cover stent, nylon cloth, slide fastener, pocket enclosing cover；
Isolation cover stent constitutes the framework of wheat production of hybrid seeds cage；Nylon cloth is covered on isolation cover stent and constitutes cage；Draw
Chain is arranged on cage, the composition that unzips cage handle hole；Pocket enclosing cover is located at the top of slide fastener；Wheat plant is located at
The inside of cage；
The production of hybrid seeds cage is 4.5m long, 1.2m wide, 1.8m high；1 slide fastener is respectively installed at the two ends of cage length direction, is drawn
Chain is U-shaped, slide fastener total length 1.2m, and the tip of the tongue position of U-shaped is down and apart from ground 0.6m；Cage top is equal along cover length direction
The even multiple air dispelling holes of arrangement, air dispelling hole aperture 0.05m, and air dispelling hole on adjacent cage are separately；This is covered on air dispelling hole
The size nylon film big compared with air dispelling hole a, lateral edges of film are fixed on cage；Cage bottom sets many along edge
Locate small screen window, small screen window is enough to ventilative but isolates pollen；
During step 4, artificial supplementary pollination, male parent flowering loose powder, powder, continuous 5~7 are manually caught up with by cage handle hole daily
My god；
Step 5, seed is harvested, and in the maturity period, removes cage, and each female parent is harvested respectively, obtains cenospecies.
2. waxy wheat hybrid seed production method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Whole breeding process is by applying
Fertile control system carries out Tree Precise Fertilization to soil；
The fertilization control system include control centre, the control centre respectively with detection group, information input unit, printer
Connected with warning lamp；The detection group includes soil moisture sensor, salt sub-sensor and pH probe, described information input block
Including keyboard and USB interface, the warning lamp includes moisture warning lamp, salinity warning lamp and acidity warning lamp；
Tree Precise Fertilization is comprised the following steps that：
1) Soil K+adsorption：Soil nutrient to planting wheat is detected, then by testing result, wheat uptake characters and plantation
Time is input into fertilization control system by described information input block, is printed in the growth cycle of wheat through system-computed
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer total amount；
2) fertilising is calculated：Apply fertilizer in three times, according to the 40~45% of the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating, 85~90% and of phosphate fertilizer total amount
65~68% applying base manure of potash fertilizer total amount；Tillering stage according to the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating 32~34%, phosphate fertilizer total amount 10
~15% and potash fertilizer total amount 27~30% applying topdress；Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage according to the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount for calculating 22~26% Hes
2~8% applying ear manuer of potash fertilizer total amount；
3) soil monitoring：The basic condition of soil is monitored by the detection group of the fertilization control system, once soil
In moisture, salinity or acidity beyond control centre's setting limit value, then control centre contact corresponding warning lamp and send warning；
4) supplementary fertilizer is calculated：The fertilising control centre changes according to the moisture before and after fertilising in soil, salinity and acidity and judges small
Wheat nourishment, calculates corresponding additional quantity and prints when wheat needs additional nutrition, then according to chasing after for calculating
Dosage carries out supplementary fertilizer.
3. waxy wheat hybrid seed production method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described control centre uses
Dsp chip；Described soil moisture sensor uses the 5TE of Decagon.
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| CN110150140A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-23 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of Waxy wheat Rapid identification and selection |
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| CN205648590U (en) * | 2016-05-21 | 2016-10-19 | 河南佳宜景观工程有限公司 | Intelligence moisturizing fertilization system |
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| CN2692674Y (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-04-13 | 北京市农业机械研究所 | Detecting system for plant nutrition |
| CN203206883U (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-09-25 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Isolation bag for plant hybridization |
| CN103733981A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-04-23 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Hybrid wheat seed production method by facility isolation |
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| CN110150140A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-23 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of Waxy wheat Rapid identification and selection |
| CN110150140B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2022-03-01 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Method for quickly identifying and breeding waxy wheat |
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