CN106700010A - 一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法 - Google Patents

一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106700010A
CN106700010A CN201611135295.9A CN201611135295A CN106700010A CN 106700010 A CN106700010 A CN 106700010A CN 201611135295 A CN201611135295 A CN 201611135295A CN 106700010 A CN106700010 A CN 106700010A
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佘海中
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)按40～50份聚醚，30～35份异氰酸酯，1～1.2份硅油，0.15～0.2份辛酸亚锡，0.09～0.1份三乙烯二胺，5～8份二氯甲烷，8～12份填料，0.5～0.8份增塑剂，1.5～3份水的重量份配比称取各组分，待用；(2)将聚醚、填料、增塑剂混合并球磨均匀后得混合料；(3)在混合料中加入硅油、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、二氯甲烷、水，进行搅拌均匀后，加入异氰酸酯，搅拌后倒入模具发泡即得软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。本发明工艺步骤简单，过程稳定可控，易实施，且得到的产品成品率高，一致性好，值得推广应用。

Description

一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料制备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法。
背景技术
2015年全球聚氨酯泡沫市场需求达9.6亿吨，亚太地区在聚氨酯泡沫市场上蕴藏着巨大的增长潜力，汽车、家具行业成为聚氨酯泡沫市场需求的新领域。海绵作为软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的一个分支，在工业生产、国防科技、医疗卫生、日常生活等各个领域有着广泛的应用。具有密度低、弹性回复好、吸音、透气、保温等优良性能。聚氨酯软泡产品占聚氨酯产业总消耗量的80％，随着工业的发展，这一比例还在上升。
海绵是将聚醚或聚酯树脂、交联剂、发泡剂、催化剂以及表面活性剂混合在一起反应并成型的一种块状软泡，再经过切割、复合等工序加工成各种形状的制品。生产工艺主要有块状软泡和模塑软泡两种，因其使用的领域不同，对密度、软硬、回弹性都会有不同的要求。密度是海绵的一个重要表征参数，影响着海绵的承载性能和使用寿命，即使达到了高的承载性，低密度产品的结构骨架成分必然要少于高密度产品，在一定的使用时间之后，就会发生变形等一系列的问题，使用寿命不能达到要求。但目前的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法工艺步骤繁琐，成品率低，且产品一致性差，高密度与高回弹性不可同时兼备，使得其应用受到一定限制。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有技术的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法所存在的上述问题，提供了一种工艺步骤简单，过程稳定可控，易实施的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法，制得的产品同时兼具高密度、高回弹性、高压缩负荷，且成本更为低廉。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按40～50份聚醚，30～35份异氰酸酯，1～1.2份硅油，0.15～0.2份辛酸亚锡，0.09～0.1份三乙烯二胺，5～8份二氯甲烷，8～12份填料，0.5～0.8份增塑剂，1.5～3份水的重量份配比称取各组分，待用。本发明对现有的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方进行了改进，聚醚和异氰酸酯为聚氨酯泡沫塑料原材料，硅油为分散剂和匀泡剂，辛酸亚锡为催化剂，三乙烯二胺为起始剂，特别增加了填料、二氯甲烷，填料的加入会大大提高聚氨酯泡沫的密度和承载性，但是填料的添加会造成聚氨酯泡沫材料质感较硬，回弹性差，因此本发明中加入了二氯甲烷，二氯甲烷可产生很多微小气泡，这些气泡既可以使填料均匀分散避免堆积，影响最终产品的一致性，同时这些气泡能提高聚氨酯泡沫的开孔性，再配合增塑剂最终以提高聚氨酯泡沫塑料的回弹性，解决了添加填料后聚氨酯泡沫材料质感较硬及回弹性较差的问题。本发明中的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料中各组分相互协同配合，使得最后制得的聚氨酯泡沫塑料兼具高密度、高回弹性、高压缩负荷，且成本更为低廉，具有较大的应用范围。
(2)将聚醚、填料、增塑剂混合并球磨均匀后得混合料。
(3)在混合料中加入硅油、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、二氯甲烷、水，进行搅拌均匀后，加入异氰酸酯，搅拌后倒入模具发泡即得软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
作为优选，步骤(1)中，所述填料为碳酸钙、硫酸钙、氯化钙、硫酸钡、碳酸钡、氯化钡中的一种或多种。
作为优选，步骤(1)中，所述增塑剂为苯二甲酸二辛酯。
作为优选，步骤(2)中，混合料粒度为800～1000目。
作为优选，步骤(3)中，加入异氰酸酯后搅拌3～5s。
因此，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)对现有的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方进行了改进，各组分相互协同配合，使得制得的聚氨酯泡沫塑料兼具高密度、高回弹性、高压缩负荷，且成本更为低廉，具有较大的应用范围；
(2)通过分步搅拌混料后反应，工艺步骤简单，过程稳定可控，易实施，且得到的产品成品率高，一致性好，值得推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
实施例1
(1)按50kg聚醚，35kg异氰酸酯，1.2kg硅油，0.2kg辛酸亚锡，0.1kg三乙烯二胺，8kg二氯甲烷，12kg填料(碳酸钙)，0.8kg增塑剂(苯二甲酸二辛酯)，3kg水的重量配比称取各组分，待用；
(2)将聚醚、填料、增塑剂混合并球磨均匀后得混合料，混合料粒度为800～1000目；
(3)在混合料中加入硅油、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、二氯甲烷、水，进行搅拌均匀后，加入异氰酸酯，搅拌5s后倒入模具发泡即得软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
实施例2
(1)按40kg聚醚，30kg异氰酸酯，12kg硅油，0.15kg辛酸亚锡，0.09kg三乙烯二胺，5kg二氯甲烷，8kg填料(硫酸钙和硫酸钡按质量比1:2混合而成)，0.8kg增塑剂(苯二甲酸二辛酯)，3kg水的重量配比称取各组分，待用；
(2)将聚醚、填料、增塑剂混合并球磨均匀后得混合料，混合料粒度为1000目；
(3)在混合料中加入硅油、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、二氯甲烷、水，进行搅拌均匀后，加入异氰酸酯，搅拌5s后倒入模具发泡即得软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
实施例3
(1)按42kg聚醚，32kg异氰酸酯，1.1kg硅油，0.17kg辛酸亚锡，0.095kg三乙烯二胺，6kg二氯甲烷，10kg填料(氯化钙、碳酸钡、氯化钡按质量比1:1:1混合)，0.7kg增塑剂(苯二甲酸二辛酯)，2kg水的重量配比称取各组分，待用；
(2)将聚醚、填料、增塑剂混合并球磨均匀后得混合料，混合料粒度为900目；
(3)在混合料中加入硅油、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、二氯甲烷、水，进行搅拌均匀后，加入异氰酸酯，搅拌4s后倒入模具发泡即得软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
通过本发明制得的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料与现有一般市售的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料相比，密度可提高30％以上，压缩负荷提高15％以上，回弹性提高10％以上，成本可降低至少20％，具有较大的应用范围，值得推广应用。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。

Claims (5)

1.一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按40～50份聚醚，30～35份异氰酸酯，1～1.2份硅油，0.15～0.2份辛酸亚锡，0.09～0.1份三乙烯二胺，5～8份二氯甲烷，8～12份填料，0.5～0.8份增塑剂，1.5～3份水的重量份配比称取各组分，待用；
(2)将聚醚、填料、增塑剂混合并球磨均匀后得混合料；
(3)在混合料中加入硅油、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、二氯甲烷、水，进行搅拌均匀后，加入异氰酸酯，搅拌后倒入模具发泡即得软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
2.根据权利要求所述的一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述填料为碳酸钙、硫酸钙、氯化钙、硫酸钡、碳酸钡、氯化钡中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述增塑剂为苯二甲酸二辛酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，混合料粒度为800～1000目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，加入异氰酸酯后搅拌3～5s。
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CN107501912A (zh) * 2017-10-09 2017-12-22 常州凯恒纺织品有限公司 一种聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法
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