CN106691660A - Finger traction reduction fixation splint - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a finger traction reduction and fixation splint mainly used for the reduction and fixation of distal radius fractures. After the manual reduction of the distal radius fracture is completed, it can be quickly installed and the fracture reduction can be maintained well. After the finger is pulled, the wrist fracture can be further reduced through the principle of ligament restoration, and the height of the articular surface of the distal radius can be maintained. It can adjust the traction direction and correct the lateral displacement according to the situation. On the basis of maintaining the reduction, it allows the functional exercises of the joints of the hand to promote detumescence. It also preserves the hand function of the patient as much as possible to ensure the rehabilitation effect. At the same time, this The invention is also applicable to the treatment of metacarpal and phalanx fractures and carpal bone fractures and dislocations.

Description

Finger traction reduction fixed splint

technical field

The invention relates to the field of medical devices, in particular to a finger traction reduction and fixation splint for the reduction and fixation of distal radius fractures.

Background technique

Fractures of the distal radius are common clinically, and account for the highest proportion of fracture patients in orthopedic emergencies. The incidence rate is about 125/10,000 of the population. It is more common in middle-aged and elderly patients. 17% of women over 50 years old will suffer from distal radius fractures. It is mainly related to the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. With the continuous extension of human life expectancy and the continuous improvement of the quality of life requirements, the treatment of distal radius fractures has received more and more attention. The frequency of radiocarpal joint movement is high, and improper treatment after injury is likely to cause chronic pain and joint stiffness, which greatly affects the function of hand movement. However, how to choose the correct treatment method is still controversial. At present, the main treatment methods are the following three kinds: closed reduction plaster or splint fixation, closed reduction Kirschner wire or stent external fixation, open reduction internal fixation with plates and screws. When plaster fixation is used for Cole’s fracture, the wrist joint is usually fixed in volar flexion and ulnar deviation after manual reduction, and then changed to neutral position after 2-3 weeks, while small splint fixation usually does not exceed 4-6 weeks of wrist joint fixation. The above-mentioned fixation methods are often the first choice for elderly patients due to their advantages of simplicity, almost non-invasiveness, and low cost. However, fracture reduction is lost, articular surface height cannot be maintained, long-term swelling of the wrist (small splint fixation can even cause severe swelling), and fracture deformity Healing is common, and it is difficult to carry out effective functional exercises early, which eventually leads to wrist joint weakness, pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Although surgical treatment generally has certain advantages in terms of stability and functional recovery after fracture reduction, However, this difference is not obvious in elderly patients, and there are still risks or disadvantages such as blood vessel, nerve, tendon injury, infection, prolonged hospitalization time and high cost.

At present, there are some patent designs trying to improve the traditional gypsum or small splint technology, which we like to see, but there are still some defects in these designs. For example, the Chinese utility model patent with the authorization notification number CN 201064510Y discloses a "Adjustable external fixator for distal radius fracture", this design realizes the adjustment and fixation of the wrist joint at different flexion and extension angles through the hinge structure of the splint at the wrist joint, but it cannot adjust the deflection angle of the radial and ulnar side; and The Chinese utility model patent with the authorized notification number CN205515104U discloses "an adjustable splint for fixing the distal end of the radius". However, there is still a common defect in the above designs, that is, the height of the articular surface of the distal radius cannot be well maintained (especially for comminuted fractures), and most of the fractures of the distal radius are brittle fractures, which are caused by osteoporosis. As a result, the loss of fracture reduction and the reduction of the articular surface height of the distal radius are very common in the later stage of traditional fixation. This situation has a great impact on the recovery of wrist joint function, and even in internal fixation surgery, this also leads to poor postoperative results. main reason.

In addition, the Chinese invention patent with the authorized notification number CN 103989546B discloses a "non-invasive adjustable splint bracket for distal radius fracture". Adjusting in all directions seems to be able to maintain the height of the articular surface of the distal radius well, but there are still the following defects: 1. The installation process is too cumbersome and time-consuming; 2. More than two people need to cooperate for a long time at the same time, otherwise the installation process There is no guarantee that the reset will not be lost; 3. If the X-ray film after the installation is completed and the reset is found to be poor, it will take too much time to reset and install after disassembly. At this time, does the shape of the palm splint need to be reshaped? 4. Maintaining the height of the articular surface of the distal radius requires a certain amount of traction force. The hand splint in this patent is a "C"-shaped structure. The patent document does not mention whether the hand splint is installed from the ulnar side or the radial side. If the opening is on the radial side, since the palm is a physiological structure that gradually becomes thicker and thinner from near to far, can the hand splint maintain the pulling force to the distal end? If the opening is on the ulnar side, the splint has a certain support at the first carpometacarpal joint, and a certain amount of traction can be maintained after the connecting belt is fastened. However, the movement of the thumb will be significantly restricted at this time, which should never be allowed 5. Low-temperature thermoplastic plates and external fixators are not cheap in China at present, how many patients would be willing to use them; 6. How to keep warm when using them in winter? Therefore, this invention is not practical.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at various defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a finger traction reduction and fixation splint, which can be quickly installed after the manual reduction of the distal radius fracture is completed, and can maintain the fracture reduction well. Through the principle of ligament restoration, After the fingers are pulled, the wrist can be further reset. It can not only maintain the height of the articular surface of the distal radius, but also adjust the direction of the traction according to the change of the situation. On the basis of maintaining the reduction, the wrist joint and other joints far away can be allowed to move. The function of the patient's hand is preserved as much as possible, so as to ensure the rehabilitation effect.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a finger traction reset fixed splint, including the dorsal side splint of the palm, the back side splint of the forearm, the palm side splint of the forearm, the traction device connected to the palm side splint of the forearm, the finger The traction sleeve and the columnar silicone pad, through the combined use of the above-mentioned structures, can achieve good fixation of distal radius fractures and preservation of hand functions.

The main body of the dorsal palm splint is a hard plastic plate, and its human body contact surface is compounded with a breathable sponge, wherein the sponge that contacts the fracture fragment of the distal end of the radius is slightly thicker. Keep wide at the wrist, and there is a metal sheet on both sides of the back of the plate. The proximal end of the metal sheet is connected to four symmetrically distributed solid metal round rods. The metal rods pass through the plate and are fixed on the plate. The metal rod and the plate form a 75 °～80° included angle, the distance between the two sides of the metal rod is slightly wider than the distance between the ulnar and radial sides of the wrist joint, the length of the protruding part of the metal rod is slightly smaller than the thickness of the wrist joint, and a long bar is set on the proximal side of the splint There are elastic bandages in the side holes, which can be fixed by Velcro. There are many air holes scattered in the middle of the plate. This part is used early after fracture reduction.

The structure of the dorsal forearm splint is similar to that of the palm dorsal splint, but its main body is longer, and the angle formed between the metal rod and the plate is right angle, and the installation direction is opposite to that of the palm dorsal splint. It is used in the later stage of treatment.

The structure of the volar forearm splint is similar to that of the dorsal forearm splint, but the metal rods are partially replaced by metal tubes, and four pieces are still symmetrically distributed. The length of the splint is also slightly smaller than the thickness of the wrist joint; the bottom surface of the distal end of the splint has a wave-shaped metal sheet that is bridged and fixed on the metal sheets on both sides of the splint by screws. The direction of the traction rod is controlled in the channel; the traction rod is divided into two parts: a straight rod and a traction bow. The flexion and extension angle of the "Y" bow is controlled by a screw. The width of the two arms of the "Y" bow is slightly larger than the width of the palm. The distal ends of the two arms are connected as a whole through a wave-shaped structure. The fingertips should be 3-4cm; the proximal end of the straight rod of the traction rod becomes flat and is connected with the plastic fastener by screws. The plastic fastener is in the shape of a cuboid. The distal end forms an arc-shaped depression, and the back side of the fastener has several rows of buckles arranged in horizontal rows. The direction of the buckles points to the proximal end, and the buckle teeth area on the proximal palm of the splint can bite each other; it is set beside the buckle teeth area of the splint There are two elongated side holes, in which an elastic bandage is respectively fixed, and the far and near ends of the elastic bandage are respectively provided with front and back sides of Velcro for ring-shaped fixing.

The finger traction sleeve has a mesh structure, its main body is woven with polyester fiber, and its skin contact surface is compounded with a thin layer of silicone material, which can play a role in decompression and anti-slip. It needs to be divided into models according to the length and thickness of fingers. Production, the distal end of the finger cot is closed and tightened, and connected to a metal buckle, which is provided with a spring switch, which is locked in the corresponding wavy arc of the "Y" bow when in use.

The columnar silica gel pad is made of silica gel material, which is soft and has a certain adsorption function. The silica gel pad is provided with a narrow longitudinal opening, which is "C"-shaped when viewed from the top, and its inner diameter is just suitable for the metal tube of the splint on the palm side of the forearm. Outer diameter of , used to fit over metal tubes when assistance is needed to correct lateral displacement.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that after the manual reduction of the distal radius fracture, the fixation can be quickly completed by fastening the volar side splint of the forearm and the dorsal side splint of the palm, and the risk of loss of reset is extremely low; Traction can maintain the height of the articular surface of the distal radius; the direction and angle of the traction can be adjusted through the joint of the bellows and the traction rod according to actual needs. The columnar silicone pad can be placed on the diagonal position of the metal tube to achieve the auxiliary stabilization effect. At this time, the reset can be assisted under the action of traction; the traction force can be set according to the actual situation and can be adjusted at any time; The position of the metal tube will not affect the judgment of the fracture; the movement of the thumb is not restricted. When the other four fingers need to move the finger joints, the buckles on the finger sleeves can be opened sequentially to release the traction on the finger , while the other finger cots can continue to maintain the traction force, and the hand function exercise can also promote the fracture reduction under the condition of maintaining the traction force; when the wrist joint needs to be moved, the wrist elastic bandage can be temporarily adjusted to a more tense position The degree of fracture displacement can be prevented; the process of continuous traction itself has the effect of eliminating swelling, and the space on the ulnar and radial side of the wrist can preserve more venous return function (especially the cephalic vein). exercise, the soft tissue swelling of the fracture segment can be greatly improved; in addition, the patient can adjust the traction according to the doctor's requirements and their own feelings, and can complete all operations independently with one hand. , Treatment of phalanx fractures and carpal fractures and dislocations.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a side view of the forearm palm side splint and traction device of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the forearm volar side splint and traction device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the palm dorsal splint of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a top view of the dorsal palm splint of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the forearm dorsal splint of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of the finger traction sleeve of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of the columnar silica gel pad of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an early application effect diagram of the present invention (the elastic bandage and the silicone pad are not shown).

Explanation of reference signs

1. Forearm volar splint; 2. Palm dorsal splint; 8. Forearm dorsal splint; 12. Forearm volar splint sponge; 13. Buckle tooth area; 14. Forearm volar splint metal sheet; 15. Metal tube; .Fixing screws; 17. Ventilation holes; 22. Splint sponge on the back side of the palm; 23. Metal sheet for the back side of the palm splint; 24. Metal rods for the back side of the palm splint; 25. Elastic bandages for the back side of the palm splint; ;32. "Y" bow arm; 33. Drawbar joint; 34. Drawbar joint screw; 35. "Y" bow wave arc; 36. Bellows; 37. Bellows screw; 41. Plastic fasteners; 42. Buckle handle; 43. Fastener screw; 44. Buckle tooth; 51. Side hole of the splint; 52. Elastic bandage at the proximal end of the palm side splint of the forearm; 53. Velcro; 54. Elastic bandage at the distal end of the palm side splint of the forearm; 61 .Finger traction set; 62. Closing buckle; 63. Metal buckle; 64. Spring switch; 71. Columnar silicone pad; 72. Longitudinal opening; 81. Splint sponge on the back side of the forearm; 83. Metal rod for splinting the dorsal side of the forearm.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 to 2, the human body contact surface of the forearm palm side splint 1 is compounded with the forearm palm side splint sponge 12, and the plate surface is scattered with a plurality of air holes 17, and there are four symmetrically distributed metal tubes 15 at the far end of the splint , the metal tube 15 passes through the splint and is connected to the metal sheet 14 of the palm side splint of the forearm. The metal sheet 14 is fixed on the palm side splint 1 of the forearm by four sets of fixing screws 16. There is a bellows 36 on the bottom surface of the far end across the metal sheets on both sides, and it is fixed to the splint by bellows screws 37. There is a drawbar straight rod 31 passing through the bellows 36, and its distal end passes through the drawbar joint 33 and the "Y" bow. The arms 32 are connected, the drawbar joint 33 can be tightened by the drawbar joint screw 34, the far end of the "Y" bow arm 32 is a "Y" bow wave arc 35, the arc bottom of the wave arc is towards the proximal end, and the drawbar is straight. The near end of rod 31 is connected with plastic fastener 41 by fastener screw 43, and the back side of the proximal end of plastic fastener 41 is buckle handle 42, and the top surface of plastic fastener 41 has a plurality of buckle teeth 44 arranged in rows, and this buckle The orientation of the tooth 44 is opposite to that of the button tooth area 13 and can be matched. The proximal side of the forearm palm side splint 1 is provided with two splint side holes 51, the proximal elastic bandage 52 of the forearm palm side splint and the elastic force The bandage 54 is thus inserted and fixed, and the elastic bandages are all provided with Velcro 53 for convenient fixing.

As shown in Figures 3 to 4, the basic structure of the palm dorsal splint 2 is similar to that of the forearm palm side splint 1. The human body contact surface is compounded with the palm dorsal splint sponge 22, but it is connected with the palm dorsal splint metal sheet 23. Four palm dorsal side splint metal rods 24, the diameter of which just fits the inner diameter of the metal tube 15, the palm dorsal side splint metal sheet 23 and the palm back side splint metal rod 24 form an angle of 75 ° to 80 °, the side of the splint proximal end The dorsal side splint elastic bandage 25 of the palm is provided.

As shown in Figure 5, the basic structure of the forearm dorsal splint 8 is similar to that of the palm dorsal splint 2, and its human body contact surface is compounded with a forearm dorsal splint sponge 81, a forearm dorsal splint metal sheet 82 and a forearm dorsal splint metal rod 83 The included angle is a right angle, and the front and rear directions used are opposite to the palm dorsal splint 2, and the far-end side of the forearm dorsal splint 8 also has elastic bandage design.

As shown in Figure 6, the finger traction cover 61 is a mesh structure, which is put into the fingers and used. After its far-end is closed, it is tightened with a buckle 62, and then connected with the metal buckle 63, which has a spring switch 64 on the metal buckle 63.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the columnar silica gel pad 71 is made of silica gel and has a longitudinal opening 72 whose inner diameter can fit the outer diameter of the metal tube 15 .

Figure 8 is an effect diagram of the present invention when it was used in the early stage. In order to accurately display the structure of the splint and the traction device, the elastic bandage and the silicone pad are not shown.

The specific method of use of the present invention is, after completing the manual reduction of the distal radius fracture, place the forearm palm side splint 1 on the palm side distal end of the forearm so that the arm is located between the metal tubes 15, and use the elastic force of the proximal end of the forearm palm side splint to The bandage 52 is fixed, then the metal rod 24 of the back side of the palm splint 2 is docked with the metal tube 15 and inserted into four feet, and fixed with the back side of the palm splint elastic bandage 25, the degree of pressure is determined according to the situation, and then inserted into the finger traction sleeve 61 ( The finished product should be rolled up), and buckle the metal buckle 63 into the "Y" bow wave arc 35 in turn, then adjust the traction direction through the bellows 36, and adjust the traction angle through the traction rod joint 33. After the position is appropriate, Press the buckle 42 to reach a suitable traction strength (before pressing, the fastener screw 43 needs to be loosened to prevent misalignment), and the fastener screw 43 is tightened, and then the elastic bandage 54 at the far end of the forearm side splint is fastened. This elastic bandage can To further limit the displacement of the plastic fastener 41, the next step is to decide whether to make adjustments according to the specific conditions of the re-examination X-ray film. If there is a lateral displacement that needs to be corrected, the columnar silicone pad 71 can be inserted into the opposite corner of the metal tube 15 When the 2-5 fingers need to move the finger joints, the spring switch 64 on the finger traction sleeve 61 can be opened in turn to release the traction of the finger, while other finger sleeves can also maintain the traction force. When moving the wrist joint, the splint elastic bandage 25 on the dorsal side of the palm can be temporarily adjusted to a more tense level, which can prevent fracture displacement. All the adjustment steps can be completed by the patient with one hand alone. After 2-3 weeks, the doctor will review according to the Depending on the situation, it may be considered to replace the dorsal palm splint 2 with the dorsal forearm splint 8, the direction and strength of the traction can be adjusted, and then the traction device may be removed or removed together with the splint depending on the specific situation.

The above-mentioned embodiment is only used to further illustrate a kind of finger traction reduction fixed splint of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention , all fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of finger traction reduction strap, including palm dorsal fitting splint (2), dorsal forearm clamping plate (8), forearm palmar folder Plate (1) and its draw-gear of connection, it is characterised in that：By being set with palm dorsal fitting splint (2) and forearm palmar clamping plate (1), Quick effective fixation of fracture of distal radius is capable of achieving, and ligament reduction effect, energy can be reached by the regulation of draw-gear Further stable fracture and promotion the anaphase of bone fracture are resetted, and column silicagel pad (71) is it is also possible to use in addition to adjust the shifting of fracture side Position, palm dorsal fitting splint (2) is replaced by dorsal forearm clamping plate (8) by the later stage in good time again can preferably retain wrist joint function.

2. palm dorsal fitting splint (2) according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cleat body is rigid plastic sheet, its human body Contact surface is compounded with breathable palm dorsal fitting splint sponge (22), wherein, play the sea for pushing the effect of outside far end bone of radius folded block Continuous thick, the form of rigid plastic sheet is conformal with the back of the hand and wrist, and keeps roomy in wrist, and respectively there is a palm plate back both sides Dorsal fitting splint sheet metal (23), the sheet metal is fixed on rigid plastic sheet by fixing screws (16), sheet metal near-end weldering Four pieces of symmetrical palm dorsal fitting splints metal bar (24) are connect, metal bar is through sheet material to palmar protrusion, metal bar and sheet material 75 °~80 ° angles are formed, the both sides spacing of metal bar is slightly wide compared with wrist joint chi oar side spacing, the length of metal bar projection Carpal thickness is slightly less than, is provided with strip clamping plate side opening (51), side opening in the side of the clamping plate near-end and set There is palm dorsal fitting splint Elastic bandage (25), can be fixed by VELCRO (53), sheet material middle part spreads multiple air-vents (17), should Part early application after the reduction of the fracture.

3. dorsal forearm clamping plate (8) according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Structure and palm dorsal fitting splint (2) phase Seemingly, but its principal length is longer, the angle that its dorsal forearm clamping plate metal bar (83) is formed with sheet material is right angle, installation direction with Palm dorsal fitting splint (2) conversely, after the treatment the phase use.

4. forearm palmar clamping plate (1) according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Structure and dorsal forearm clamping plate (8) phase Seemingly, but its dorsal forearm clamping plate metal bar (83) partial replacement is into metal tube (15), still symmetrical four pieces, its internal diameter is just fitted With metal bar diameter, conveniently it is inserted in, the length of metal tube (15) projection is slightly less than carpal thickness.

5. draw-gear according to claim 1 is by finger traction casing (61), draw bar straight-bar (31), Y-shaped bow arm And the structure composition such as plastic fastener (41) (32), it is characterised in that：Draw-gear need to coordinate forearm palmar clamping plate (1) to use, The distal end bottom surface of the clamping plate has a bellows (36) that the forearm palmar clamping plate gold of both sides is laterally bridged at by bellows screw (37) On category piece (14), by draw bar straight-bar (31), and draw bar straight-bar (31) can be fixed on different in bellows (36) The direction of draw bar is controlled in passage；The distal end of draw bar straight-bar (31) by set traction bar joint (33) come with draw bar Y-shaped bow arm (32) part of distal end is connected, and is controlled by one piece of draw bar joint screw (34) at traction bar joint (33) place Y-shaped processed bends the angle of bending and stretching of arm (32), the width of the two-arm width slightly larger than palm of Y-shaped bow arm (32), length when using It is advisable with beyond finger tip 3-4cm, the distal end of Y-shaped bow arm (32) is bent wave arc (35) and is connected as an annular entirety by Y-shaped； The near-end of draw bar straight-bar (31) becomes flat, and is connected with plastic fastener (41) by fastener screw (43), and plastic fastener (41) is Cuboid, its near-end convexes to form button (42) to bottom surface, and (42) middle part is made arc-shaped recess, is easy to use by button to distal end Shi Jinhang is pushed, and the top surface of plastic fastener (41) has the buckle teeth (44) of number row's row arrangement, and the direction of buckle teeth (44) points to near-end, Buckle teeth area (13) with clamping plate near-end facies palmaris can be mutually twisted, and can be led hand is distally directed when pushing plastic fastener (41) to distal end Draw；Two strip clamping plates side opening (51) are provided with one side in the buckle teeth area (13) of clamping plate, are respectively used to fix forearm palmar folder Plate near-end Elastic bandage (52) and forearm palmar clamping plate distal end Elastic bandage (54), there is VELCRO at the far and near end of Elastic bandage respectively (53) positive and negative is used for annular fixation, and Elastic bandage is except can be in addition to strap, moreover it is possible to limit the cunning of plastic fastener (41) Go out.

6. column silicagel pad (71) according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is made up of silica gel material, matter is soft and has one Determine adsorption function, silicagel pad is provided with a narrower stringer opening (72), and top view is in " C " shape, and its internal diameter can be adapted to forearm palmar folder The external diameter of the metal tube (15) of plate, uses needing auxiliary to be inserted in metal tube (15) when correcting lateral displacement.

7. finger traction casing (61) according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is network structure, its main body uses polyester Fibrage is formed, the silica gel material of the compound thin layer of its skin contact, decompression and slide effect can be played, according to finger Length thickness needs parting number to make, and the distal end of fingerstall is buckled (62) and tightened up with closing up, then is connected with metal clasp (63), metal clasp (63) there is snap switch (64) on, bent in wave arc (35) its padlock in Y-shaped by switch when using.