CN106679467A - 具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器 - Google Patents

具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器 Download PDF

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CN106679467A
CN106679467A CN201710111416.4A CN201710111416A CN106679467A CN 106679467 A CN106679467 A CN 106679467A CN 201710111416 A CN201710111416 A CN 201710111416A CN 106679467 A CN106679467 A CN 106679467A
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tube
heat exchanger
shell
bobbin carriage
external bobbin
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CN106679467B (zh
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王珂
王永庆
谭国锋
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Zhengzhou University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/06—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular crimped or corrugated in cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/08—Tubular elements crimped or corrugated in longitudinal section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0052—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for mixers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，它包括管板、壳体、换热管、入口外接管箱和出口外接管箱；所述出、入口外接管箱分别固定于对应位置的所述管板上，所述出、入口外接管箱内均设置有导流装置，所述导流装置中间为一腔体，沿着所述腔体由中间向四周形成若干导流流道，各所述导流流道延伸至所述管板上，形成与所述换热管一一对应的接口；所述出口外接管箱中的腔体和管程出口管相连接，所述入口外接管箱的腔体和管程入口管相连接。该具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器设计合理，可以有效提高换热器的密封性能，减少管程压降，具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器
技术领域
本发明涉及换热器领域，具体涉及一种具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器。
背景技术
壳管式换热器适用的操作温度与压力范围较大，制造成本低，清洗方便，处理量大，是工业过程热量传递中应用最为广泛的一种换热器。
传统壳管式换热器，其管程的入口结构一般包括管箱及管箱接管，管箱与壳体采用法兰连接，对于多管程的换热器，管箱还同时起到对管程流体分程的作用。这种入口结构的使得换热器的连接可靠性较低，管箱流体流动分布不均，管箱中流体的压力损失也较大，影响换热器的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，从而提供一种结构简单、成本低、性能稳定的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，它包括管板、壳体、换热管、入口外接管箱和出口外接管箱；所述出、入口外接管箱分别固定于对应位置的所述管板上，所述出、入口外接管箱内均设置有导流装置，所述导流装置中间为一腔体，沿着所述腔体由中间向四周形成若干导流流道，各所述导流流道延伸至所述管板上，形成与所述换热管一一对应的接口；所述出口外接管箱中的腔体和管程出口管相连接，所述入口外接管箱的腔体和管程入口管相连接。
基于上述，所述入口外接管箱的腔体内设有一均布若干孔的筛状结构，所述筛状结构的开口端朝向所述管程入口管。
基于上述，所述孔为圆形、三角形或多边形。
基于上述，所述具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器还包括分程外接管箱，所述分程外接管箱固定于分程侧管板上，所述分程外接管箱内设有U形导流装置，所述U形导流装置包括若干U形流道，各所述U形流道的两端延伸至所述分程侧管板上，与各所述换热管一一对应连接。
基于上述，所述U形导流装置为整体一次成型或分块制造成型后组装为一整体。
基于上述，所述导流装置和所述U形导流装置为金属、陶瓷或聚脂材料。
基于上述，所述管程入口管内设有SK静态混合器或其他类型气液混合装置。
基于上述，所述换热管为内螺纹管，内壁设有正反螺旋交替循环的连续凸起或凹槽。
基于上述，所述壳体的壳程进出口处设置有导流筒。
本发明相对现有技术具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步，具体地说，本发明具有以下优点：
1. 本发明中所述具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器包括出口外接管箱和入口外接管箱，各所述出、入外接管箱分别固定于相应位置的管板上，略掉了管箱封头和管箱法兰，简化连接结构，有效提高密封性能；所述出、入口外接管箱内设置有导流装置，所述导流装置中间为一腔体，沿着所述腔体由中间向四周设置导流流道，各所述导流流道延伸至所述管板上，形成与所述换热管一一对应的接口，管程流体由管程入口管流入所述入口外接管箱的腔体内，通过各所述导流流道分别进入换热管内，有效减小流体的压力损失。
2. 所述入口外接管箱的腔体内安装有均布若干孔的筛状结构，所述筛状结构的开口端朝向管程入口管，所述筛状结构罩在所述管程入口管上，使得管程流体进入所述入口外接管箱后，流经所述筛状结构，使得流体的主向流动阻力增大，朝向换热管入口的各个方向阻力更加均匀；而且使流体在整个管箱内均匀分布，最终均匀流入换热管内，充分利用各根换热管的换热。
3. 所述具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器还包括分程外接管箱，所述分程外接管箱内设有U形导流装置，形成若干U形流道，可以省去换热管的U形管部分，避免了加工中的弯管工艺，以及由于弯管造成管壁减薄发生泄漏的问题，方便在同一管程中设置不同管径换热管，降低管程压降；所述U形导流装置为整体一次成型，避免了传统换热管需要根据每根换热管所处位置，分别确定弯管半径，并分别制造的缺点。
4、所述管程入口管内设有SK静态混合器或其他类型气液混合装置，能使流体自身产生旋转，通过旋转方向的改变使流体混合，使流体以几乎相同的组分流体流入每根换热管；所述换热管为内螺纹管，内壁设有正反螺旋交替循环的连续凸起或凹槽，以强化管道内流体的混合；所述壳体的壳程进出口处设有导流筒，可以防止进口处高速流体对管束的直接冲击，使得壳程流体均匀分布、壳程进出口段管束的传热面积得到充分利用，同时还减少传热死区及防止进出口段出现流体振动。
附图说明
图1是本发明中具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器的结构示意图。
图2是本发明中所述出、入口外接管箱的结构示意图。
图3是本发明中所述分程外接管箱的结构示意图。
图中：1.管程入口管；2. SK静态混合器；3.入口外接管箱；4.换热管；5.导流筒；6.筛状结构；7.壳体；8.分程侧管板；9.分程外接管箱；10.壳程出入口；11.管板；12.出口外接管箱；13.导流装置；14.腔体；15.U形导流装置。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
如图1～3所示，一种具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，它包括管板11、壳体7、换热管4、入口外接管箱3、出口外接管箱12和分程外接管箱9。
所述出口外接管箱12和入口外接管箱3分别固定于对应位置的所述管板11上，略掉了管箱封头和管箱法兰，简化连接结构，有效提高密封性能；为改善外接管箱中流体的流动分布与减小流体的压力损失，所述出口外接管箱12和入口外接管箱3内均设置有导流装置13，所述导流装置13中间为一腔体14，沿着所述腔体14由中间向四周形成若干导流流道，各所述导流流道延伸至所述管板11上，形成与所述换热管4一一对应的接口；所述导流装置13中的腔体14随着流量的减小，其横截面积可以连续的变化；所述导流流道可根据所在位置流体流量、压力及其对应换热管中的阻力等影响因素，流动横截面积设置为不同直径与形状，使流体能够流量均匀的流入换热管束中；所述换热管4与管板11的连接可根据制造工艺特点或换热过程，采用胀接、焊接或胀焊结合的方式固定在所述管板11上，实现换热器中换热管的可靠性连接。
所述出口外接管箱中12的腔体和管程出口管相连接，所述入口外接管箱3的腔体14和管程入口管1相连接；所述管程出、入口管分别焊接于所述出、入口外接管箱上，使传统的法兰密封改为焊接形式，保证了连接的可靠性。使用时，管程流体由管程入口管1流入所述入口外接管箱3的腔体14内，通过各所述导流流道分别进入换热管4内，有效减小流体的压力损失，避免传统管箱中流体的流动分配不均与压力损失。
所述入口外接管箱3的腔体14内设有一均布若干圆孔的筛状结构6，所述筛状结构6的开口端朝向所述管程入口管1，罩在所述管程入口管1上。这样，管程流体进入所述入口外接管箱3后，流经所述筛状结构6，使得流体的主向流动阻力增大，朝向换热管入口的各个方向阻力更加均匀；而且使流体在整个管箱3内均匀分布，最终均匀流入换热管4内，充分利用各根换热管4的换热面积。
可根据流量大小与管箱的具体形式，使筛状结构3中所开筛孔为圆形、三角形、多边形等各种形状，分布筛孔的大小以及距离所述管程入口管1的距离也可根据具体的形式进行调整。
所述分程外接管箱9固定于分程侧管板8上，所述分程外接管箱9内设有U形导流装置15，形成若干U形流道，各所述U形流道的两端延伸至所述分程侧管板9上，与各所述换热管4一一对应连接；可以省去换热管的U形管部分，避免了加工中的弯管工艺，以及由于弯管造成管壁减薄发生泄漏的问题，方便在同一管程中设置不同管径换热管，降低管程压降；所述U形导流装置为15整体一次成型，避免了传统换热管需要根据每根换热管所处位置，分别确定弯管半径，并分别制造的缺点。
所述出、入口外接管箱和分程外接管中的导流装置材料，根据传热质介特性及其温度，自行选用金属、陶瓷或聚脂材料。
所述管程入口管1内设有SK静态混合器2，所述SK静态混合器2包括若干混合元件，混合元件对流体介质不断切割，使流经的介质液滴被不断分散切割为较小的微团，随后又在两个混合元件间汇合得到混合，混合元件使流体介质产生径向速度脉冲，且流动方向的随时变化也导致分流和合流，在增大接触面积的同时可产生主体对流或涡旋运动，使流体混合均匀，以几乎相同的均匀组分流体流入每根换热管4。
为了强化管道内流体的混合，所述换热管4采用内螺纹管，内壁设有正反螺旋形的连续凸起或凹槽，它能使流体自身产生旋转，通过旋转方向的改变使流体混合，以及流道的位置或截面积发生变化，能使流体产生“自身搅拌”作用，换热更加充分。
所述壳体7的壳程进出口10处设置有导流筒5，可以防止进口处高速流体对管束的直接冲击，使得壳程流体均匀分布、壳程进出口段管束的传热面积得到充分利用，同时还减少传热死区及防止进出口段出现流体振动。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (9)

1.一种具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于：它包括管板、壳体、换热管、入口外接管箱和出口外接管箱；所述出、入口外接管箱分别固定于对应位置的所述管板上，所述出、入口外接管箱内均设置有导流装置，所述导流装置中间为一腔体，沿着所述腔体由中间向四周形成若干导流流道，各所述导流流道延伸至所述管板上，形成与所述换热管一一对应的接口；所述出口外接管箱中的腔体和管程出口管相连接，所述入口外接管箱的腔体和管程入口管相连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于：所述入口外接管箱的腔体内设有一均布若干孔的筛状结构，所述筛状结构的开口端朝向所述管程入口管。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于： 所述孔为圆形、三角形或多边形。
4.根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于：它还包括分程外接管箱，所述分程外接管箱固定于分程侧管板上，所述分程外接管箱内设有U形导流装置，所述U形导流装置包括若干U形流道，各所述U形流道的两端延伸至所述分程侧管板上，与各所述换热管一一对应连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于：所述U形导流装置为整体一次成型或分块制造成型后组装为一整体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于：所述导流装置和所述U形导流装置为金属、陶瓷或聚脂材料。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于：所述管程入口管内设有SK静态混合器或其他类型气液混合装置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于：所述换热管为内螺纹管，内壁设有正反螺旋交替循环的连续凸起或凹槽。
9.根据权利要求8所述的具有外接管箱的管壳式换热器，其特征在于：所述壳体的壳程进出口处设置有导流筒。
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