CN106639015B - 一种复合降噪消音板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复合降噪消音板，包括依次叠合的阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B，阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B紧密压合形成复合降噪消音板整体。本发明复合降噪消音板采用多层复合型材料组成降噪消音板整体，便于组装维护，具有降噪效果好的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种消音板，特别涉及一种多层复合式降噪消音板，属于消音板材领域。
背景技术
美式箱变用降噪外壳是美式箱变用降噪的常见设备，其能够有效降低美式箱变工作时传递到外部环境的噪音，随着人们环保意识的不断提高，美式箱变噪音污染问题日益受到关注。目前现有的降噪外壳，尤其是户外美式箱变用降噪外壳通常降噪效果不明显。美式箱变运行时，由铁芯磁滞伸缩引起的噪声和振动会通过底座传到外壳本体上，从而使美式箱变用降噪变成一个新的噪声源，这就间接增加了美式箱变的噪声，目前常用的方法主要是采用在箱变壳体内增设发泡胶或消音棉等消音材料来降低噪音，但是安装降噪外壳后美式箱变的温升问题一直得不到有效解决，给美式箱变的正常运行以及工作人员的相关操作造成不利影响。因此，如何提供一种降噪效果较好，而且不影响美式箱变温升的外壳是本领域技术人员目前需要解决的重要技术问题。
公开号是CN204204556U的专利文件公开了一种低噪音箱变壳体，包括底座、顶盖和侧墙，侧墙由外向内依次设有外壳体、消音层、内壳体和空气过滤网，内壳体表面涂有抗高温氧化涂料，内壳体布满间隙孔，底座的底部凹槽中设置有多个弹簧减震器，该弹簧减震器顶部共同安装一承载变压器的垫板，该垫板的上方靠近空气过滤网处还设置有一集尘盒，集尘盒正上方的所述顶盖内还设置风刀，消音层为聚氨酯硬泡体制成，可逐步衰减变压器室传来的噪音。该方案降噪的同时带来了组装维护麻烦的问题。
发明内容
本发明复合降噪消音板公开了新的方案，采用多层复合型材料组成降噪消音板整体，应用于美式箱变壳体上，解决了现有美式箱变壳体面板的降噪问题。
本发明复合降噪消音板包括依次叠合的阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B，阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B紧密压合形成复合降噪消音板整体。
本发明复合降噪消音板采用多层复合型材料组成降噪消音板整体，便于组装维护，具有降噪效果好的特点。
附图说明
图1是本方案复合降噪消音板的结构示意图。
其中，111是阻燃石膏板A，112是阻燃石膏板B，121是吸音无纺布A，122是吸音无纺布B，131是阻燃吸音孔板A，132是阻燃吸音孔板B，140是吸音棉层，141是工字型龙骨，151是不锈钢金属面板A。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，本发明复合降噪消音板的示意图。复合降噪消音板包括依次叠合的阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B，阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B紧密压合形成复合降噪消音板整体。本方案可以采用粘接压合的方式，也可以采用螺栓、螺柱穿孔连接的方式使上述各层紧密结合。上述复合消音板应用在美式箱变壳体上，有效解决了壳体的降噪消音问题，同时作为一种整体的复合型板材，装卸维护更方便。
为了增强复合消音板整体的结构强度，使得板芯不易变形，本方案在复合板的内部加入了组合的龙骨结构，如图1所示，即吸音棉层内设有若干规则排列的工字型龙骨，吸音棉层嵌入工字型龙骨的侧边凹槽内形成吸音棉层整体，通过工字型型材龙骨与吸音棉的结合构成了具有一定抗变形能力的板芯结构。进一步，本方案在上述改进的基础上还在复合板的外围增设了金属保护面板，具体是复合降噪消音板还包括不锈钢金属面板A、不锈钢金属面板B，不锈钢金属面板A设在阻燃石膏板A的外侧，不锈钢金属面板B设在阻燃石膏板B的外侧，不锈钢金属面板A、阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B、不锈钢金属面板B依次紧密压合形成复合降噪消音板整体，本方案的不锈钢金属面板的厚度优选是2mm。工字型龙骨与不锈钢金属面板的引入有效增强了复合板整体的结构强度和便于组装使用的程度，改善了美式箱变壳体的维护便利性。
吸音棉是一种人造无机纤维，一般采用石英砂、石灰石、白云石等天然矿石为主要原料，配合一些纯碱、硼砂等化工原料熔成玻璃，在融化状态下，借助外力吹制式甩成絮状细纤维，纤维和纤维之间互相缠绕，立体交叉，其内部形成许多细小的间隙，从而实现吸音降噪的功能。不同材质的吸音棉适合吸收的噪音频段也有侧重，本方案的吸音棉在吸收低频噪音的基础上还能够吸收其他频段的噪音，具体是吸音棉层包括依次叠合的开孔三元乙丙橡胶层、聚氨酯海绵层、开孔聚酯纤维层，开孔三元乙丙橡胶层、聚氨酯海绵层、开孔聚酯纤维层紧密粘合形成吸音棉层整体。开孔三元乙丙橡胶凭借其优异的粘弹性而具有良好的空气声隔音性能，能够消除机器运转时产生的声波振动，有效减少低频噪音的共振传播。聚氨酯海绵具有优良的降噪性能，对中频噪音的吸收效果尤佳。开孔聚酯纤维板具有良好的中高频噪音吸收性能，用来消除高频噪音。以上三者的结合有效增强了吸音棉的降噪性能。
本方案的阻燃吸音孔板也采用了多功能层的设计方案，采用不同的材料组成实现相应功能的层，利用小孔降噪的原理在板层上布置小孔来提高复合板降噪的性能。具体是，阻燃吸音孔板包括紧密粘合的阻燃层、吸音层，阻燃层上设有若干规则排列的渐缩锥形孔A，吸音层上设有若干规则排列的渐缩锥形孔B，渐缩锥形孔B的平均通流截面面积大于渐缩锥形孔A的平均通流截面面积。渐缩的孔道有助于降低声波的能量，而二级的扩大渐缩孔道对于进一步降噪起到了很好的效果。本方案的阻燃吸音孔板的厚度优选是12mm。
本方案的吸音无纺布也采用了多层的设计方案，在表层无纺布间设置了降噪层，即吸音无纺布包括依次叠合的无纺布层A、吸音棉层A、铝箔层、吸音棉层B、无纺布层B，无纺布层A、吸音棉层A、铝箔层、吸音棉层B、无纺布层B紧密粘合形成吸音无纺布整体。吸音棉能够有效吸收噪音能量，铝箔层不仅能够隔音，而且能够反射声波，使得声波经反射后被吸音棉吸收，提高了降噪的效果。
本方案的阻燃石膏板与外层的不锈钢金属面板相结合形成的阻燃强化结构不仅阻燃效果好，而且整体结构稳定，为此，本方案的阻燃石膏板的厚度优选是12mm。
本方案的复合降噪消音板采用多层复合型材料组成降噪消音板整体，其中，采用工字型龙骨与不锈钢金属面板相结合的方式有效增强了复合板整体的强度，采用复合的吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板、吸音无纺布依次叠加组合的方式提高了复合板整体的吸音、阻燃效果。本方案的复合降噪消音板应用于美式箱变壳体的制作材料板能够有效提高其降噪消音性能。基于以上特点，本方案的复合降噪消音板相比现有的产品具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。
本方案的复合降噪消音板并不限于具体实施方式中公开的内容，实施例中出现的技术方案可以单独存在，也可以相互包含，本领域技术人员根据本方案结合公知常识作出的简单替换方案也属于本方案的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合降噪消音板，其特征是包括依次叠合的阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B，所述阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B紧密压合形成复合降噪消音板整体，
所述吸音棉层包括依次叠合的开孔三元乙丙橡胶层、聚氨酯海绵层、开孔聚酯纤维层，所述开孔三元乙丙橡胶层、聚氨酯海绵层、开孔聚酯纤维层紧密粘合形成吸音棉层整体，
所述阻燃吸音孔板包括紧密粘合的阻燃层、吸音层，所述阻燃层上设有若干规则排列的渐缩锥形孔A，所述吸音层上设有若干规则排列的渐缩锥形孔B，所述渐缩锥形孔B的平均通流截面面积大于所述渐缩锥形孔A的平均通流截面面积，
所述吸音无纺布包括依次叠合的无纺布层A、吸音棉层A、铝箔层、吸音棉层B、无纺布层B，所述无纺布层A、吸音棉层A、铝箔层、吸音棉层B、无纺布层B紧密粘合形成吸音无纺布整体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合降噪消音板，其特征在于，所述吸音棉层内设有若干规则排列的工字型龙骨，所述吸音棉层嵌入所述工字型龙骨的侧边凹槽内形成吸音棉层整体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合降噪消音板，其特征在于，所述复合降噪消音板还包括不锈钢金属面板A、不锈钢金属面板B，所述不锈钢金属面板A设在所述阻燃石膏板A的外侧，所述不锈钢金属面板B设在所述阻燃石膏板B的外侧，所述不锈钢金属面板A、阻燃石膏板A、吸音无纺布A、阻燃吸音孔板A、吸音棉层、阻燃吸音孔板B、吸音无纺布B、阻燃石膏板B、不锈钢金属面板B依次紧密压合形成复合降噪消音板整体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合降噪消音板，其特征在于，所述不锈钢金属面板的厚度是2mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合降噪消音板，其特征在于，所述阻燃吸音孔板的厚度是12mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合降噪消音板，其特征在于，所述阻燃石膏板的厚度是12mm。
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