CN106625037A - Grinding method with high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force - Google Patents
Grinding method with high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force Download PDFInfo
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- CN106625037A CN106625037A CN201710007909.3A CN201710007909A CN106625037A CN 106625037 A CN106625037 A CN 106625037A CN 201710007909 A CN201710007909 A CN 201710007909A CN 106625037 A CN106625037 A CN 106625037A
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- grinding
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- abrasive
- grinding force
- tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a grinding method with high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force and belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency precision grinding of difficult-to-machine materials. In order to solve the problems of low material removal rate, low surface integrity of ground workpieces, grinding wheel blockage, frequent grinding burn and the like in the process of grinding the difficult-to-machine materials, a novel grinding tool for generating a 'clustering effect' of 'body armor-like principle'-abrasive particles is adopted and acts on a micro-peak on a workpiece surface, so that the abrasive particles generate the 'clustering effect', the tangential grinding force is increased, and the normal grinding force is instantly reduced. Meanwhile, a filler in the grinding tool is dissolved and diffused in a grinding solution, a working solution environment with oxidability and alkalinity (or acidity) is generated, an activated workpiece surface and an abrasive surface are formed, and the workpiece surface material is removed in a grinding manner of the high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force under multi-energy field coupling. The grinding method disclosed by the invention can be used for high-efficiency precision high surface integrity grinding of novel aerospace composite materials manufactured from high energy density beam rapid additional materials, and also can be used for low-damage or damage-free abrasive machining of difficult-to-machine hard and brittle materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high tangential grinding force and the new method for grinding of low normal grinding force, belong to difficult-to-machine material
Efficient precise grinding technical field.
Background technology
Grinding technique be widely used in Aero-Space, mechanical industry, automobile, ship, mould industry, semiconductor manufacturing,
It is important high-efficiency and precision process technology in the industries such as photovoltaic industry.In the developed countries such as Germany, Japan, the U.S., abrasive material,
Grinding tool occupies more than the 30% of the total cost of production of mechanical manufacturing field with grinding equipment.In highly sophisticated device instrument, machine tool
And in automobile die manufacturing enterprise, grinding technique even accounts for more than the 50% of gross investment with equipment investment cost, becomes most heavy
The manufacturing process wanted.
It is ground the grinding tool that there is many tiny and extremely hard abrasive material using surface and removes workpiece material at a high speed.Due to grinding tool it is larger
Negative rake and rounded cutting edge radius, in grinding process, compared with other machinings, total grinding force of generation is very big,
Total grinding force can be analyzed to tangential grinding force, normal grinding force and axial grinding force again, and in three-dimensional component, normal grinding force is always
It is maximum, it is generally the case that normal grinding force is about tangential grinding force three times or so.However, from material removal cutting mechanisms angle
Degree analysis, high normal grinding force and low tangential grinding force is to cause the deformation of low material material removal rate, grinding tool and workpiece damage, mill
Cut the main reason of the problems such as vibrations, emery wheel obstruction, surface of the work integrality difference and frequent grinding burn.Especially for hard crisp
The grinding of material or Aero-Space advanced composite material (ACM), normal grinding force several times higher than common material or even hundred times are difficult
To improve grinding efficiency and grinding quality.In Grinding Process, reduce normal grinding force and improve tangential grinding force, very
Extremely, can realize that high tangential grinding force is processed with low normal grinding force, will be the weight for solving the grinding of high efficiency high surface integrity
Gonna breakthrough mouth.
The present invention proposes a kind of " class for high normal grinding force in traditional grinding process and the characteristic of low tangential grinding force
The method for grinding of flak jackets principle "-high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force.The special grinding tool of " class flak jackets " formula of utilization,
High-speed motion grinding tool abrasive particle come in contact, collide, extruded with surface of the work dimpling peak, form similar high-speed flight bullet impact
The action principle of flak jackets, the abrasive particle in the region that makes to be hit instantaneously is produced " constellation effect ", forms the impedance of reverse impact load
Power, makes the instantaneous increase of tangential grinding force and method phase grinding force instantaneously reduces, while being dissolved to grinding fluid using filler in grinding tool
Diffusion, produces and has oxidisability and alkalescence（Or it is acid）Working solution environment, form activation surface of the work and abrasive surface,
Under the coupling of multi-energy field, surface of the work material is removed with the grinding method of low normal grinding force with high tangential grinding force.
The content of the invention
The present invention is for material removing rate is low, emery wheel easily blocks, be ground work in current grinding difficult-to-machine material process
The problems such as part surface integrity is poor, grinding burn is frequent, proposes a kind of utilization " class flak jackets principle "-abrasive particle under shock loading
Producing the special grinding tool of " constellation effect " carries out the method for grinding of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force, realizes difficult adding
Efficient, accurate, the high surface integrity grinding of work material.
Invention a kind of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force method for grinding, the special grinding tool for being used its mill
The morphological element of the bed of material is made up of abrasive material, pore, filler, decentralized medium, dispersion phase, binding agent, high-performance fiber fabric；Fill out
Fill thing to be made up of oxidant, activator, PH conditioning agents.Abrasive material is from the common mill such as metal oxide abrasive, carborundum, garnet
Material or super hard abrasive（Cubic oxide boron and diamond）, granularity is 1-200 μm.Oxidant and activator choosing in filler
With sodium peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate or calper calcium peroxide etc..PH conditioning agents are from strong acid weak base salt or strong base weak acid
Salt, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate.Decentralized medium selects organic matter（Ethylene glycol（EG）, propane diols（PG）, fourth
Glycol（BG）Or polyethylene glycol（PEG）Deng）Or mineral oil etc..Dispersion phase from calcium carbonate, silica, polystyrene or
Polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA）1 μm is less than Deng, particle diameter.Binding agent Ceramics, metal, resin or rubber etc..Gao Xing
Energy fabric selects aramid fiber（Kevlar）, superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers（UHMWPE）, nylon（Nylon）, it is poly- right
Penylene benzo twoport oxazole fiber（PBO）, polyimide fiber（PI）Or spider silk fiber etc..
A kind of method for grinding of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force, concrete grinding process is as follows：
(1) special grinding tool is arranged on high-strength accurate grinding machine spindle, is clamped on workbench using grinding machine is fixed on
Dressing tool is initially repaired to grinding tool；
(2) after the completion of repairing, dressing tool is removed, then fixes workpiece on the table；Grinding tool speed is controlled for 35
More than m/s, it is 500-10000 mm/min to control grinding and feeding speed, using water base or oil base coolant, controls coolant
Flow be 1-100 L/min, make the special grinding tool after finishing high speed rotate under contact with surface of the work, start grind
Cut；
(3) produce with grinding tool at surface of the work dimpling peak and contact, rub, colliding, shock loading is produced to grinding tool contact area,
In high-performance fiber fabric in the presence of dispersion phase and decentralized medium, produce abrasive particle moment in the region that makes to be hit that " cluster is imitated
Should ", instantaneous micro Process region forms " bullet impact flak jackets " formula（Superelevation coefficient of friction）Contact, so that tangential grinding force wink
Anaplasia is big and normal grinding force moment reduces；
(4) simultaneously as the abrasion of grinding tool and from sharp, the filler in grinding tool constantly dissolves and spread in coolant,
Surface of the work is produced has oxidisability and alkalescence（Or it is acid）Working solution environment, activate surface of the work；By abrasive particle and workpiece
Between contact, collision, friction and heat effect excite or strengthening workpiece surface and working solution solid-liquid chemical reaction, and abrasive particle and
The solid state reaction of surface of the work, makes surface of the work constantly produce the chemical reaction film of softening；
(5) in further grinding process, the abrasive particle of " constellation effect " is with high tangential grinding force and the side of low normal grinding force
Formula quickly remove chemical reaction soften film, surface of the work original material is exposed again, proceed solid-liquid chemical reaction or
Solid state reaction simultaneously generates new chemical reaction film, and the abrasive particle for coming off and the material of removal are drained with working solution.Instead
Above procedure is carried out again, realizes efficient, accurate, high surface integrity the grinding of difficult-to-machine material.
The method for grinding of the present invention has following positive effect：Compared with tradition grinding, the abrasive particle in the grinding tool of the present invention
Produce " constellation effect ", tangential grinding force moment is increased and the reduction of normal grinding force moment, high friction is formed in machining area
Coefficient is contacted, and makes material removing rate high；Low normal grinding force make grinding process produce grinding heat it is low, vibrate it is little, make grinding table
Face/sub-surface quality is good；Dissolved and diffusion to grinding fluid using filler in grinding tool, make difficult-to-machine material surface of the work
（Especially surface dimpling peak）Formation is easier to " the softening film layer " for removing, and further improves grinding efficiency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is special grinding tool composition schematic diagram, wherein, 1.1- abrasive materials, 1.2- pores, 1.3- fillers, 1.4- point
Dispersion media, 1.5- dispersion phases, 1.6- binding agents, 1.7- high-performance fiber fabrics.
Fig. 2 is grinding process microcosmic schematic diagram, including grinding first stage Fig. 2 a, second stage Fig. 2 b, phase III figure
2c, fourth stage Fig. 2 d schematic diagrames.Wherein, 2.1- softens film layer.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one：With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the grinding of a kind of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force is described in detail
Instrument, it is characterized by：
(1) abrasive material is by abrasive material [1.1], pore [1.2], filler [1.3], decentralized medium [1.4], dispersion phase [1.5], viscous
Knot agent [1.6], high-performance fiber fabric [1.7] composition；Filler [1.3] is made up of oxidant, activator, PH conditioning agents；
(2) abrasive material [1.1] conventional abrasive materials such as metal oxide abrasive, carborundum, garnet or super hard abrasive（Cube oxygen
Change boron and diamond）, granularity is 1-200 μm.Oxidant and activator in filler [1.3] selects sodium peroxide, hypochlorous acid
Sodium, potassium permanganate or calper calcium peroxide etc..PH conditioning agents are from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate etc..Decentralized medium
[1.4] organic matter is selected（Ethylene glycol（EG）, propane diols（PG）, butanediol（BG）Or polyethylene glycol（PEG) etc.) or mineral
Oil etc..Dispersion phase [1.5] is from calcium carbonate, silica, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA）Deng particle diameter
Less than 1 μm.Binding agent [1.6] Ceramics, metal, resin or rubber etc..High-performance fiber fabric [1.7] selects aramid fiber
Fiber（Kevlar）, superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers（UHMWPE）, nylon（Nylon）, polyparaphenylene's benzo twoport oxazole it is fine
Dimension（PBO）, polyimide fiber（PI）Or spider silk fiber etc..
Specific embodiment two：With reference to accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2, the high tangential grinding force and low normal direction invented is described in detail
The method for grinding of grinding force：
(1) using numerical control form grinder, difficult processing hard brittle material or the new Aero-Space of the quick increasing material manufacturing of high energy beam current are answered
Sample made by condensation material is workpiece, using the grinding tool described in specific embodiment one.Grinding tool is installed to into numerical control shaping
On grinding machine spindle, dressing tool adopts skive, and its granularity selects #100, is clamped on workbench using grinding machine is fixed on
Dressing tool is initially repaired to grinding tool；Print is fixed on grinding machine clamping workbench, it is 50 m/s to control grinding tool rotating speed,
It is 700 mm/min to control grinding and feeding speed, and using water base coolant, the flow for controlling coolant is 10 L/min, starts mill
Cut；
(2) first stage：Grinding tool rotates at a high speed, and beginning comes in contact with surface of the work；
(3) second stage：Come in contact, rub, collide with the abrasive particle [1.1] in grinding tool at surface of the work dimpling peak, to grinding tool
Micro- contact area produces shock loading, the work of decentralized medium [1.4] and dispersion phase [1.5] in high-performance fiber fabric [1.7]
With under, abrasive particle [1.1] moment in the region that makes to be hit produces " constellation effect ", increases tangential grinding force moment and normal direction is ground
Power moment reduces, and realizes preferable processing characteristics.By the abrasion of grinding tool and from sharp, the filler [1.3] in grinding tool constantly to
Dissolve in grinding fluid and spread, produce in surface of the work and there is oxidisability and alkalescence（Or it is acid）Working solution environment, formed live
The property changed surface of the work.Excited or strengthening workpiece surface and work by the contact between abrasive particle and workpiece, collision, friction and heat effect
Make the solid-liquid chemical reaction and abrasive particle [1.1] of liquid and the solid state reaction of surface of the work, form surface of the work " softens film
Layer " [2.1]；
(4) phase III：With the further interaction at grinding tool and surface of the work dimpling peak, produce " constellation effect "
Abrasive particle [1.1] is fast by " softening film layer " [2.1] at dimpling peak under conditions of high tangential grinding force with low normal grinding force
Speed is removed, and surface of the work original material is exposed again, is proceeded solid-liquid chemical reaction or solid state reaction and is generated
New chemical reaction film；
(5) fourth stage：Shock loading disappears, and producing the abrasive particle [1.1] of " constellation effect " can recover the load front row that is not hit
Column-shaped state, and the abrasive material [1.1] and abrasive dust that come off are drained with working solution；
(6) repeat the aforementioned four stage, be capable of achieving efficient, accurate, the high surface integrity grinding of difficult-to-machine material.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force method for grinding of invention, special grinding tool its abrasive material for being used
The morphological element of layer is by abrasive material [1.1], pore [1.2], filler [1.3], decentralized medium [1.4], dispersion phase [1.5], bonding
Agent [1.6], high-performance fiber fabric [1.7] composition；Filler [1.3] is made up of oxidant, activator, PH conditioning agents；Abrasive material
[1.1] with the conventional abrasive materials such as metal oxide abrasive, carborundum, garnet or super hard abrasive（Cubic oxide boron and Buddha's warrior attendant
Stone）, granularity is 1-200 μm；Oxidant and activator in filler [1.3] selects sodium peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, permanganic acid
Potassium or calper calcium peroxide etc.；PH conditioning agents are from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate etc.；Decentralized medium [1.4] is from organic
Thing（Ethylene glycol（EG）, propane diols（PG）, butanediol（BG）Or polyethylene glycol（PEG) etc.) or mineral oil etc.；Dispersion phase
[1.5] from calcium carbonate, silica, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA）, particle diameter is less than 1 μm；Bonding
Agent [1.6] Ceramics, metal, resin or rubber etc.；High-performance fiber fabric [1.7] selects aramid fiber（Kevlar）、
Superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers（UHMWPE）, nylon（Nylon）, polyparaphenylene's benzo twoport oxazole fiber（PBO）, polyamides it is sub-
Amine（PI）Or spider silk fiber etc..
2. the method for grinding of a kind of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force, its detailed process is：
(1) special grinding tool is arranged on high-strength accurate grinding machine spindle, is clamped on workbench using grinding machine is fixed on
Dressing tool is initially repaired to grinding tool；
(2) after the completion of repairing, dressing tool is removed, then fixes workpiece on the table；Grinding tool speed is controlled for 35
More than m/s, it is 500-10000 mm/min to control grinding and feeding speed, using water base or oil base coolant, controls coolant
Flow be 1-100 L/min, make the special grinding tool after finishing high speed rotate under contact with surface of the work, start grind
Cut；
(3) produce with grinding tool at surface of the work dimpling peak and contact, rub, colliding, shock loading is produced to grinding tool contact area,
In high-performance fiber fabric [1.7] in the presence of decentralized medium [1.4] and dispersion phase [1.5], the abrasive particle in the region that makes to be hit
[1.1] moment generation " constellation effect ", instantaneous micro Process region forms " bullet impact flak jackets " formula（Superelevation coefficient of friction）Connect
Touch, so that tangential grinding force moment becomes greatly and the reduction of normal grinding force moment；
(4) simultaneously as the abrasion of grinding tool and from sharp, the filler [1.3] in grinding tool constantly dissolves and expand in coolant
Dissipate, produce in surface of the work and there is oxidisability and alkalescence（Or it is acid）Working solution environment, activate surface of the work；By abrasive particle
[1.1] contact between workpiece, collide, rubbing and heat effect is excited or the solid-liquid chemistry of strengthening workpiece surface and working solution is anti-
Should, and abrasive particle [1.1] and the solid state reaction of surface of the work, make surface of the work constantly produce the chemical reaction film of softening
[2.1]；
(5) in further grinding process, the abrasive particle of " constellation effect " is with high tangential grinding force and the side of low normal grinding force
Formula quickly removes chemical reaction and softens film [2.1], surface of the work original material is exposed again, proceeds solid-liquid chemical reaction
Or solid state reaction and new chemical reaction film [2.1] is generated, and the abrasive particle for coming off and the material that removes are with working solution one
Rise and drain, above procedure is repeated, realize efficient, accurate, high surface integrity the grinding of difficult-to-machine material.
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| CN201710007909.3A CN106625037B (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2017-01-05 | A kind of method for grinding of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109202750B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-04-14 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Hollow accumulated abrasive particles, preparation method thereof and superhard grinding tool |
| CN112720263A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江工业大学 | Online dressing method for spraying strong-oxidizing grinding fluid to surface of super-hard abrasive particle metal bond grinding wheel |
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| US5077941A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-07 | Space Time Analyses, Ltd. | Automatic grinding method and system |
| US20040112867A1 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2004-06-17 | Yuji Horie | Polishing slurry for and method of texturing |
| CN101282818A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2008-10-08 | 卡伯特微电子公司 | Microporous polishing pads |
| CN102717325A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-10 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precise curved surface finishing method based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening effect |
| CN104308670A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-01-28 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precision processing method based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening and electrolyzing combined effect |
| CN106737247A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-31 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of grinding tool of tangential grinding force high and low normal grinding force |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5077941A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-07 | Space Time Analyses, Ltd. | Automatic grinding method and system |
| US20040112867A1 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2004-06-17 | Yuji Horie | Polishing slurry for and method of texturing |
| CN101282818A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2008-10-08 | 卡伯特微电子公司 | Microporous polishing pads |
| CN102717325A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-10 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precise curved surface finishing method based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening effect |
| CN104308670A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-01-28 | 浙江工业大学 | Ultra-precision processing method based on non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening and electrolyzing combined effect |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109202750B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-04-14 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Hollow accumulated abrasive particles, preparation method thereof and superhard grinding tool |
| CN112720263A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江工业大学 | Online dressing method for spraying strong-oxidizing grinding fluid to surface of super-hard abrasive particle metal bond grinding wheel |
| CN112720263B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-06-17 | 浙江工业大学 | Online dressing method for spraying strong-oxidizing grinding fluid to surface of super-hard abrasive particle metal bond grinding wheel |
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