CN106624190A - Machining method for continuously generating non-circular gear into gear shaping - Google Patents
Machining method for continuously generating non-circular gear into gear shaping Download PDFInfo
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- CN106624190A CN106624190A CN201710050721.7A CN201710050721A CN106624190A CN 106624190 A CN106624190 A CN 106624190A CN 201710050721 A CN201710050721 A CN 201710050721A CN 106624190 A CN106624190 A CN 106624190A
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- gear
- slotting tool
- gyroaxis
- rounded
- slotting
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F15/00—Methods or machines for making gear wheels of special kinds not covered by groups B23F7/00 - B23F13/00
- B23F15/02—Making gear teeth on wheels of varying radius of operation, e.g. on elliptical wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/12—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting
- B23F5/16—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a machining method for continuously generating a non-circular gear into gear shaping. The machining method is based on a numerical control gear shaper. The numerical control gear shaper comprises a workbench, a tooth blank rotating shaft, a slotting tool rotating shaft, a slotting tool front-back moving shaft, a slotting tool up-down moving shaft and a flexible electronic gear case. A non-circular gear blank is fixed to the workbench of the numerical control gear shaper, and the tooth blank rotating shaft drives the workbench to move in a variable speed mode; when the rotating speed of the slotting tool rotating shaft is a constant rotating speed, the real-time speed of the tooth blank rotating shaft and the real-time speed of the slotting tool front-back moving shaft are calculated in real time through the flexible electronic gear case, and closed-loop control is further carried out, so that slotting of the non-circular gear blank is realized; and in the machining process, positional information of the tooth blank rotating shaft is monitored in real time, the velocity-ratio coefficient between the tooth blank rotating shaft and the slotting tool front-back moving shaft and between the slotting tool rotating shaft and the slotting tool up-down moving shaft is calculated in real time, and the speed of the tooth blank rotating shaft and the speed of the slotting tool front-back moving shaft are controlled in real time. By the adoption of the machining method, the manufacturing cycle of the non-circular gear is greatly shortened, and high-efficiency and high-precision slotting machining is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gear manufacture field, can especially realize the manufacture field of the non-circular gear of variable ratio transmission, tool
Body is related to the processing method that a kind of non-circular gear continuously transforms into gear shaping.
Background technology
Gear Shaping method is the gear working method based on generating principle, with high in machining efficiency, flank of tooth quality is good, energy
Adapting to pitch curve has the advantages that the not rounded external gear of indent and the processing of not rounded internal gear, is to realize noncircular gear machining more
Preferable method.For a long time, the Gear Shaping of non-circular gear is progressively transformed into based on slotting tool pitch circle and non-circular gear pitch curve
Processing thought, i.e., try to achieve on non-circular gear pitch curve series of discrete point in advance, and calculate respectively slotting tool pitch circle with it is non-
When the point of contact of Knucle-gear pitch curve changes to next discrete point by a discrete point, gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool gyroaxis and slotting tool
The displacement of movable axle, then allows each axial displacement amount that gear shapping machine is calculated according to expectation progressively to be moved, and realizes non-circular gear
Transform into processing.The method firstly there are process principle error, and secondly code is tediously long, and each axle of lathe is along with frequency in process
Numerous acceleration and deceleration, limit the raising of each axle feed speed of lathe.
A kind of method of Gear Shaping non-circular gear refer to during noncircular gear machining, when gear blank invariablenes turning speed opportunity
The concrete motion mathematical of each numerical control axle of bed, but concrete processing scheme when being not directed to slotting tool invariablenes turning speed, and with one
The lathe each numerical control axle servo motion for determining mathematical implements technology.
A kind of high-speed, high precision flexible electronic gear box control method based on digital control system in open type can high accuracy
The master-slave mode electronic gear proportion motion between each numerical control axle is realized, its technical characterstic is adapted for carrying out in non-circular gear Gear Shaping
The coupled movements of each axle of lathe.
The content of the invention
In order to realize that the high speed of non-circular gear, high accuracy are processed, the present invention provides a kind of non-circular gear and continuously transforms into gear shaping
Processing method.
A kind of non-circular gear continuously transforms into the processing method of gear shaping based on digital control gear shaper, and the digital control gear shaper includes work
Make the movable axle of platform, gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool gyroaxis, slotting tool, slotting tool and move up and down axle and flexible electronic gear box, it is described
Flexible electronic gear box is to realize control function based on the hardware platform of ARM, DSP and FPGA, it is characterised in that：
Not rounded gear blank is fixed on the workbench of digital control gear shaper, gear blank gyroaxis drives workbench with variable speed fortune
It is dynamic；When the rotating speed of slotting tool gyroaxis is constant rotational speed, the real-time speed of gear blank gyroaxis and the movable axle of slotting tool is by soft
Property electronic gearbox carries out real-time operation and makees closed-loop control, realizes not rounded gear blank slotting；
In process, real-time monitoring gear blank gyroaxis positional information；During slotting not rounded straight-tooth gear blank, calculate in real time
The movable axle of gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool in the interpolation cycle with the speed ratio factor between slotting tool gyroaxis；Slotting not rounded is oblique
During tooth gear blank, calculate gear blank gyroaxis in real time and slotting tool gyroaxis, slotting tool are moved up and down between axle, and move before and after slotting tool
Between moving axis and gear blank gyroaxis in the interpolation cycle speed ratio factor；And to gear blank gyroaxis and the speed of the movable axle of slotting tool
Degree carries out real-time control, and so as to realize non-circular gear pitch curve Gear Shaping is continuously transformed into.
The concrete operation step that a kind of non-circular gear continuously transforms into gear shaping is as follows：
(1) workpiece motion s：Not rounded gear blank is fixed on the workbench of the digital control gear shaper, gear blank gyroaxis band is started building
Make platform with variable speed rotation, period Real-time Collection gear blank gyroaxis positional information；
(2) cutting movement
(2.1) slotting tool moves up and down axle band active slotting-tool and pumps as main motion；
(2.2) radial feed motion
When slotting tool starts to contact gear blank, the flexible electronic gear box control slotting tool gyroaxis, gear blank gyroaxis and slotting tool
Link simultaneously relative to the movable axle of gear blank, realize that slotting tool pitch circle and the pure of non-circular gear pitch curve insert dynamic；Slotting tool is to non-
Knuckle-tooth base makees radial feed, tooth is entered always entirely deep；
(2.3) generating motion
Meshing relation is forcibly remain between slotting tool and not rounded gear blank, slotting tool will move to form dry in not rounded gear blank to it
The material removal for relating to, so as to process the flank profil of non-circular gear.
The technical scheme for further limiting is as follows：
When slotting tool gyroaxis is with constant rotational speed slotting not rounded straight-tooth gear blank, flexible electronic gear box is in each interpolation cycle
The interior positional information for receiving a gear blank gyroaxis, calculates accordingly slotting tool pitch circle and exists with the point of contact of not rounded straight-tooth gear pitch curve
Polar angle value corresponding on not rounded pitch curve, and accordingly polar angle value calculates the movable axle of gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool and inserts at this
With the speed ratio factor between slotting tool gyroaxis in the benefit cycle, then the speed that gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool move forward and backward axle is carried out
Real-time control, the speed of the movable axle of the gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool is determined by formula (1)：
In formula (1), ωcFor the angular speed of gear blank gyroaxis, ωbFor the angular speed of slotting tool gyroaxis, vxTo move before and after slotting tool
The linear velocity of moving axis,Polar angle corresponding to slotting tool pitch circle and not rounded straight-tooth gear pitch curve point of contact,WithBe with regard toFunction；If the polar equation of not rounded straight-tooth gear pitch curve isSlotting tool pitch radius is rc, D=r2±rcC, e=rc ± rcR,G=a2r2/d2,M=(ra+ab)/c, thenWithCan be expressed as follows：
Wherein, " ± " number for occurring in formula, to the processing of not rounded external gear "+" is taken, and to not rounded interior bracing "-" is taken.
In slotting tool gyroaxis is with constant rotational speed slotting not rounded helical teeth gear blank, digital control system is received in each interpolation cycle
The positional information of gear blank gyroaxis, the point of contact that slotting tool pitch circle is calculated accordingly with not rounded angular gear pitch curve is in non-round knot
Polar angle value corresponding on curve, and accordingly polar angle value calculates gear blank gyroaxis and slotting tool gyroaxis, slotting tool move up and down axle
Between, and slotting tool it is movable between axle and gear blank gyroaxis in the interpolation cycle speed ratio factor, then gear blank is turned round
The speed of the movable axle of axle, slotting tool carries out real-time control, and the speed of the movable axle of the gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool is by formula
(2) determine：
In formula (2), ωcFor the revolution angular speed of gear blank gyroaxis, ωbFor the revolution angular speed of slotting tool gyroaxis, vxIt is slotting
The linear velocity of the movable axle of knife,Polar angle corresponding to slotting tool pitch circle and not rounded angular gear pitch curve point of contact, vzFor slotting tool
Gyroaxis Z-direction translational speed, βcFor not rounded gear helical angle with differential attachment,WithBe with regard toLetter
Number；I is symbol coefficient, and "-" is taken when pinion cutter helix rotation direction is consistent with pinion cutter rotation direction, otherwise takes "+"；If not rounded
The polar equation of angular gear pitch curve isSlotting tool pitch radius is rc, D=r2±rcC, e=rc ± rcR,G=a2r2/d2,M=
(ra+ab)/c, then WithCan be expressed as follows：
Wherein, " ± " number for occurring in formula, to the processing of not rounded external gear "+" is taken, and to not rounded interior bracing "-" is taken.
The Advantageous Effects of invention embody in the following areas：
1. the inventive method need to only join the polar equation of non-circular gear pitch curve for non-circular gear of different shapes
Number imports digital control system, you can realizes processing, substantially reduces the manufacturing cycle of non-circular gear；And traditional progressively transform into slotting
Processing method, it is hundreds of or even thousands of in needing factorization to calculate process after non-circular gear design parameter is obtained
The each axle exercise datas of lathe of step, by the correctness of checking institute calculating data, past contact need to carry out trial-manufacturing process to be verified.
2. the present invention solves non-circular gear traditional processing side using the digital control system with flexible electronic gear box function
In method, non-circular gear pitch curve is carried out discrete and solves the amount of exercise that each axle of lathe is often walked by needs in advance, then carries out not rounded
Efficiency that gear pitch curve progressively transforms into processing is low, low precision shortcoming, and progressively expansion machining method of fine-pitch adds to not rounded pitch curve
Work is realized, it can be understood as with the thought of straight Dai Qu, and the not rounded pitch curve realized has in theory bow high level error, the mistake
Difference would map on tooth profile error；And the shaping method of continuous generating is based on, to each shaft position of lathe and speed
The real-time control cycle can accomplish an interpolation cycle, so still continuously transform into process understand to bent thought of straight generation
If, continuous expansion machining method of fine-pitch is up to 10 to the discrete number of not rounded pitch curve5The order of magnitude, this is progressively generating processing
Discrete precision using hundreds of step or even thousands of steps is incomparable.
3. the present invention can realize slotting tool in the continuous of not rounded gear blank end on projection tooth bar center line and non-circular gear pitch curve
Generating motion, it is to avoid frequently feed speed control, is capable of achieving the target of high-efficiency high-accuracy shaping non-circular gear.From lathe
Understanding progressively generating process, each axle of lathe can be understood as hundreds of or even thousands of by performing the motion mode of each axle
The rectilinear point position moving interpolation of step, when so from one section of movement transitions to next section of motion, the speed of each axle of lathe will experience companion
Control with the start-stop of frequent acceleration and deceleration, this will limit the raising of working (machining) efficiency；And in continuous generating process, each axle of lathe
Speed be real-time continuous change, each axle stable movement of lathe, be capable of achieving efficient shaping.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that each axle motion mathematical relationship of non-circular gear Gear Shaping of the present invention solves schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the principle Organization Chart that non-circular gear of the present invention is continuously transformed into Gear Shaping；
The electronic gearbox transmission schematic diagram of slotting not rounded spur gear when Fig. 3 is slotting tool gyroaxis constant speed of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the rank of slotting external toothing five of the present invention ellipse spur gear Path figure；
Fig. 5 is the rank of slotting internal messing five of the present invention ellipse spur gear Path figure；
Fig. 6 is the rank elliptical skew gear Path figure of slotting external toothing of the present invention six；
Fig. 7 is the rank elliptical skew gear Path figure of slotting internal messing of the present invention six；
Sequence number in Fig. 1, Fig. 4-7：1- non-circular gear pitch curves, 2- pinion cutter pitch circles, 3- non-circular gears, 4- cutter paths.
Specific embodiment
With reference to figure, by embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Following examples are operated using the YK5132B type digital control gear shapers that the machine tool plant of Tianjin first produces.Numerical control is inserted
Tooth machine includes that the movable axle of workbench, gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool gyroaxis, slotting tool, slotting tool move up and down axle and flexible electronic
Gear-box.Flexible electronic gear box is to realize control function based on the hardware platform of ARM, DSP and FPGA.Flexible electronic gear box
Implement principle disclosed in patent of invention 201310180873.0, the three of flexible electronic gear box control method
Big step：Numerical control processing command dissection process, interpolation are calculated and processed and servo position control, and to the specific implementation of every step
Make a detailed description.It is fixed than transmission control between multiaxis that flexible electronic gear box not only can be realized, can also realize
Variable ratio transmission control between the multiaxis constrained by determination functional relation, the realization of non-circular gear slotting is exactly by flexibility
The variable ratio transmission control of electronic gearbox.
Concrete process operation step is as follows：
(1) workpiece motion s
Not rounded gear blank is fixed on the workbench of the digital control gear shaper, gear blank gyroaxis drives workbench with variable speed
Rotate, period Real-time Collection gear blank gyroaxis positional information.
(2) cutting movement
(2.1) slotting tool moves up and down axle band active slotting-tool and pumps as main motion.
(2.2) radial feed motion
When slotting tool starts to contact gear blank, the flexible electronic gear box control slotting tool gyroaxis, gear blank gyroaxis and slotting tool
Link simultaneously relative to the movable axle of gear blank, realize that slotting tool pitch circle and the pure of non-circular gear pitch curve insert dynamic；Slotting tool is to non-
Knuckle-tooth base makees radial feed, tooth is entered always entirely deep.
(2.3) generating motion
Meshing relation is forcibly remain between slotting tool and not rounded gear blank, slotting tool will move to form dry in not rounded gear blank to it
The material removal for relating to, so as to process the flank profil of non-circular gear.
Referring to Fig. 1, during illustrating non-circular gear Gear Shaping, slotting tool gyroaxis (b axles), gear blank gyroaxis (c-axis)
The solution schematic diagram of motion mathematics and the movable axle (x-axis) of slotting tool between.During non-circular gear Gear Shaping, b axles, c
Axle and x-axis link and can ensure that slotting tool pitch circle and pure slotting dynamic the carrying out of not rounded pitch curve simultaneously.The pole of non-circular gear pitch curve is sat
Mark equation is set toFrom the beginning of the A points on pitch curve, initial manufacture polar angle is Gear ShapingIn Fig. 1Plus
A certain position in work, slotting tool pitch circle is tangential on the folder of point P, the polar diameter of P points and the tangent line positive direction of the point with not rounded pitch curve
Angle is μ, and μ ∈ (0, π), the solution of μ is as follows：
The sine and cosine value of μ is：
Point P and workpiece centre of gyration OcLine OcP and slotting tool and workpiece centre line ObOcAngle be that α is：
Point P and slotting tool centre of gyration ObLine ObP and slotting tool and workpiece centre line ObOcAngle be β：
A points are to the arc length S of P points on not rounded pitch curve：
Above formula is Function of Upper limit Integral, can be carried out with regard to polar angleDerivation.
Slotting tool corner ψ can be calculated by formula (6) and (7)1For：
β in above formula0β initial values when starting for processing.
Fig. 1 is combined by formula (5), workpiece corner ψ is obtainedcFor：
In above formulaAnd α0When starting for processingWith the initial value of α.
The slotting tool centre of gyration is apart from l with the workpiece centre of gyration：
L=rcos α ± rc cosβ (10)
" ± " number occurred in above formula, to not rounded external gear subscript is taken, and mark is removed to internal gear.
The both sides of formula (8), (9) and (10) obtain to the derivation of time t simultaneously：
In formula, ωbFor the revolution angular speed of slotting tool gyroaxis (b axles), ωcFor the angle of revolution speed of gear blank gyroaxis (c-axis)
Degree, vxFor the mobile linear velocity of the movable axle (x-axis) of slotting tool,WithBe with regard toFunction；Here set D=r2±rcC, e=rc ± rcR,G=a2r2/d2,M=(ra+ab)/c, thenWithCan be expressed as follows：
Wherein, " ± " number for occurring in formula, to not rounded external gear subscript is taken, and to not rounded internal gear mark is removed.
By the transformed cancellation of formula (11)ωcAnd vxIt is converted into regard to ωbFunction, can proper slotting tool gyroaxis
During (b axles) perseverance rotating speed, the linkage Mathematical Modeling of Gear Shaping not rounded spur gear is：
When slotting not rounded helical gear, because gear blank gyroaxis (c-axis) will have an additional rotation, additional amount of spin and slotting tool
Gyroaxis (b axles) is in movement velocity v of Z-directionzWith non-circular gear helixangleβcIt is relevant.In order to still ensure slotting tool pitch circle and not rounded
Pure slotting dynamic relation between gear pitch curve, allows here the movement velocity that slotting tool moves forward and backward axle (x-axis) to follow gear blank gyroaxis
Speed, i.e. ωcIt is with regard to ωbAnd vzFunction, vxIt is with regard to ωcFunction, can proper slotting tool gyroaxis (b axles) invariablenes turning speed
When, the helical gear linkage model of Gear Shaping not rounded is as follows：
In formula (2), i is symbol coefficient, "-" is taken when pinion cutter helix rotation direction is consistent with pinion cutter rotation direction, instead
Take "+".
Non-circular gear slotting is with the difference of roller gear slotting：Pinion cutter gyroaxis (b axles) and workpiece gyroaxis
Speed between (c-axis) than be not it is constant, and the distance of the pinion cutter centre of gyration and the workpiece centre of gyration also do not stop change, but
The mobile speed of the speed of gyration of workpiece, the speed of gyration of pinion cutter and pinion cutter on pinion cutter and workpiece centre of gyration line
Degree, there is the mathematical relationship of determination between this three.When the rotating speed of pinion cutter gyroaxis is selected as constant rotational speed, remaining two axle
Real-time speed can carry out real-time operation and make closed-loop control by flexible electronic gear box, return slotting tool gyroaxis (b axles), gear blank
The speed of rotating shaft (c-axis) and the movable axle (x-axis) of slotting tool keeps certain mathematical relationship, realizes slotting tool pitch circle and non-circular gear
The continuous generating motion of pitch curve, so as to realize non-circular gear shaping is continuously transformed into.
Referring to Fig. 2, the principle Organization Chart that non-circular gear is continuously transformed into Gear Shaping is illustrated, will non-circular gear section
Curve imports flexible electronic gear box, and electronic gearbox turns round the real time position feedback of spindle motor according to pitch curve form and gear blank
Information, to the speed of the movable axle (x-axis) of slotting tool gyroaxis (b axles), gear blank gyroaxis (c-axis) and slotting tool real-time operation is carried out
And control.
Referring to Fig. 3, illustrate when slotting tool gyroaxis (b axles) constant airspeed, the electronic gearbox of slotting not rounded spur gear
Transmission principle.In an interpolation cycle, flexible electronic gear box receives the position that gear blank gyroaxis motor encoder feeds back to
Information, solves accordingly now slotting tool pitch circle and the polar angle corresponding to not rounded pitch curve point of contact, so as to calculate gear blank gyroaxis (c
Axle), the speed ratio factor of the movable axle (x-axis) of slotting tool and slotting tool gyroaxis (b axles), to gear blank gyroaxis (c in the interpolation cycle
Axle), the speed of the movable axle (x-axis) of slotting tool carry out real-time control.
Embodiment 1
It is to adopt the inventive method referring to Fig. 4, with the rank of slotting tool gyroaxis constant rotational speed slotting external toothing five ellipse spur gear
Path sectional view, the rank of external toothing five ellipse straight-tooth gear pitch curve equation be,
Work piece is the rank of external toothing five ellipse straight-tooth gear, the gear parameter related to processing：Semi-major axis A=
108.201mm, exponent number n=5, facewidth b=50mm, eccentric ratio k=0.04, normal module mn=4mm, number of gear teeth Z=55, pole
AngleThe determination of working process parameter can refer to roller gear processing and be chosen, and be taken as here：Slotting tool number of teeth z=
18, slotting tool moves up and down 200 times/min of axle number of stroke, radial velocity 1mm/min, 30 °/min of slotting tool speed of gyration.
Based on above parameter, the numerical control machining code that can carry out five ranks ellipse straight-tooth gear is write, and digital control system is to processing
Code is compiled, performs, and controls the in good time opening and closing of flexible electronic gear.Gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool move forward and backward axle
Real-time speed and position control are carried out by flexible electronic gear box, slotting tool gyroaxis and slotting tool move up and down axle for independent servo fortune
Moving axis.When flexible electronic gear box function is opened, the movable axle of gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool starts described according to formula (1)
Linkage pattern is opened between dynamic Mathematical Modeling and slotting tool gyroaxis, not rounded straight-tooth gear is carried out and is continuously transformed into Gear Shaping.
Gear Shaping from five ranks ellipse straight-tooth gear 0 degree of polar angle from the beginning of, below with flexible electronic gear box in the first two
As a example by the calculating of interpolation cycle and control function, illustrate not rounded straight-tooth gear continuously transforms into Gear Shaping process：
1) after flexible electronic gear box starts, be firstly received gear blank gyroaxis positional information be 0 degree, i.e. ψ=0,
Calculated according to formula (9)WillSubstitution formula (1) is calculatedWithRespectively 3.9149975,
The interpolation cycle of 1.2524759 and 0. combining with digital control system is 1ms, can calculate the movable axle of slotting tool and gear blank gyroaxis,
0mm and 0.00015996 ° is respectively in the displacement of first interpolation cycle, digital control system control slotting tool moves forward and backward axle and tooth
Base gyroaxis completes position control；
2) in second interpolation cycle, on Real-time Collection in an interpolation cycle gear blank gyroaxis actual displacement amount, by ψ
=0.00015996 ° substitutes into formula (9) and calculatesWillSubstitution formula (1) is calculated
WithRespectively 3.9149973,1.2524758 and -0.018750149. combining with digital control systems interpolation cycle be 1ms, can
The movable axle of slotting tool and gear blank gyroaxis are calculated, in the displacement of second interpolation cycle -0.000002394mm is respectively
With 0.000159958 °, the movable axle of digital control system control slotting tool and gear blank gyroaxis complete position control；
By that analogy, until machining.
It is the Path sectional view using the rank of the inventive method slotting internal messing five ellipse spur gear referring to Fig. 5, slotting
During slotting tool gyroaxis invariablenes turning speed, work piece relevant parameter is with the rank of external toothing five ellipse spur gear, the except for the difference that gear teeth
It is distributed in pitch curve inner side.
Five ranks ellipse straight-tooth gear is a kind of typical not rounded straight-tooth gear, and the different point of other not rounded straight-tooth gears is only
It is that pitch curve equation is different, it is seen then that not rounded straight-tooth gear slotting method of the present invention can correct slotting not rounded straight-tooth tooth
Wheel.
Embodiment 2
It is to adopt the inventive method referring to Fig. 6, with the rank of slotting tool gyroaxis constant rotational speed slotting external toothing six ellipse helical teeth tooth
Wheel Path sectional view, the same to formula (12) of the rank of external toothing six ellipse angular gear pitch curve equation, the gear ginseng related to processing
Number：Semi-major axis A=131.830mm, exponent number n=6, facewidth b=50mm, eccentric ratio k=0.05, normal module mn=4mm, gear
Tooth number Z=65, polar angleGear rotation direction is dextrorotation, helical angle is 15o.The determination of working process parameter can refer to circle
Stud wheel processing is chosen, and is taken as here：Slotting tool number of teeth z=18, slotting tool moves up and down 200 times/min of axle number of stroke, radially
Speed 1mm/min, 30 °/min of slotting tool speed of gyration.
Based on above parameter, the numerical control machining code that can carry out the rank of external toothing six ellipse angular gear is write, digital control system
Machining code is compiled, is performed, control the in good time opening and closing of flexible electronic gear.Before and after gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool
Shifting axle carries out real-time speed and position control by flexible electronic gear box, and slotting tool gyroaxis and slotting tool move up and down axle for independently
Servo motion axle.When flexible electronic gear box function is opened, the movable axle of gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool starts according to formula (2)
The linkage Mathematical Modeling and slotting tool gyroaxis, slotting tool are moved up and down and open between axle linkage pattern, carry out not rounded angular gear
Continuously transform into Gear Shaping.
Shaping is existed below from the beginning of 0 degree of polar angle of the rank of external toothing six ellipse angular gear with flexible electronic gear box
As a example by the calculating of the first two interpolation cycle and control function, illustrate not rounded angular gear continuously transforms into Gear Shaping process：
1) after flexible electronic gear box starts, be firstly received gear blank gyroaxis positional information be 0 degree, i.e. ψ=0,
Calculated according to formula (9)WillSubstitution formula (2) is calculatedWithRespectively 5.3487113,
The interpolation cycle of 1.3910672 and 0. combining with digital control system is 1ms, can calculate the movable axle of slotting tool and gear blank gyroaxis,
0mm and 0.00013003 ° is respectively in the displacement of first interpolation cycle, digital control system control slotting tool moves forward and backward axle and tooth
Base gyroaxis completes position control；
2) in second interpolation cycle, on Real-time Collection in an interpolation cycle gear blank gyroaxis actual displacement amount, by ψ
=0.00013003 ° substitutes into formula (9) and calculatesWillSubstitution formula (2) is calculatedWithRespectively 5.348711,1.3910671 and -0.034103265. combining with digital control systems interpolation cycle be 1ms, can count
Calculate the movable axle of slotting tool and gear blank gyroaxis, the displacement of first interpolation cycle be respectively -0.000003187mm and
0.00013003 °, digital control system control slotting tool moves forward and backward axle and gear blank gyroaxis completes position control；
By that analogy, until machining.
It is the Path sectional view using the rank elliptical skew gear of the inventive method slotting internal messing six referring to Fig. 7, slotting
During gear blank gyroaxis invariablenes turning speed, work piece relevant parameter with the rank elliptical skew gear of external toothing six, the except for the difference that gear teeth
It is distributed in pitch curve inner side.
Six ranks ellipse angular gear is a kind of typical not rounded angular gear, and the different point of other not rounded angular gears is only
It is that pitch curve equation is different, it is seen then that not rounded angular gear of the present invention inserts blanking method can correct slotting not rounded helical gear.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, some deformations and improvement can also be made, these belong to the present invention
Protection domain.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of processing method that non-circular gear continuously transforms into gear shaping, the processing method is based on digital control gear shaper, the numerical control
Gear shapping machine includes that the movable axle of workbench, gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool gyroaxis, slotting tool, slotting tool move up and down axle and flexible electrical
Sub- gear-box, the flexible electronic gear box is to realize control function based on the hardware platform of ARM, DSP and FPGA, and its feature exists
In：
Not rounded gear blank is fixed on the workbench of digital control gear shaper, gear blank gyroaxis drives workbench with variable speed motion；When
When the rotating speed of slotting tool gyroaxis is constant rotational speed, the real-time speed of gear blank gyroaxis and the movable axle of slotting tool passes through flexible electronic
Gear-box carries out real-time operation and makees closed-loop control, realizes not rounded gear blank slotting；
In process, real-time monitoring gear blank gyroaxis positional information；During slotting not rounded straight-tooth gear blank, gear blank is calculated in real time
The movable axle of gyroaxis, slotting tool in the interpolation cycle with the speed ratio factor between slotting tool gyroaxis；Slotting not rounded helical teeth tooth
During base, calculate gear blank gyroaxis in real time and slotting tool gyroaxis, slotting tool are moved up and down between axle, and the movable axle of slotting tool
Between gear blank gyroaxis in the interpolation cycle speed ratio factor；And the speed to gear blank gyroaxis and the movable axle of slotting tool is entered
Row real-time control, so as to realize non-circular gear pitch curve Gear Shaping is continuously transformed into.
2. the processing method that according to claim 1 a kind of non-circular gear continuously transforms into gear shaping, it is characterised in that：Concrete operations
Step is as follows：
(1) workpiece motion s：Not rounded gear blank is fixed on the workbench of the digital control gear shaper, gear blank gyroaxis drives workbench
With variable speed rotation, period Real-time Collection gear blank gyroaxis positional information；
(2) cutting movement
(2.1) slotting tool moves up and down axle band active slotting-tool and pumps as main motion；
(2.2) radial feed motion
When slotting tool starts to contact gear blank, the flexible electronic gear box control slotting tool gyroaxis, gear blank gyroaxis and slotting tool are relative
Link simultaneously in the movable axle of gear blank, realize that slotting tool pitch circle and the pure of non-circular gear pitch curve insert dynamic；Slotting tool is to non-knuckle-tooth
Base makees radial feed, tooth is entered always entirely deep；
(2.3) generating motion
Meshing relation is forcibly remain between slotting tool and not rounded gear blank, slotting tool will move to form interference in not rounded gear blank to it
Material removal, so as to process the flank profil of non-circular gear.
3. the processing method that according to claim 1 a kind of non-circular gear continuously transforms into gear shaping, it is characterised in that：
When slotting tool gyroaxis is with constant rotational speed slotting not rounded straight-tooth gear blank, flexible electronic gear box connects in each interpolation cycle
The positional information of a gear blank gyroaxis is received, the point of contact that slotting tool pitch circle is calculated accordingly with not rounded straight-tooth gear pitch curve is in not rounded
Polar angle value corresponding on pitch curve, and accordingly polar angle value calculates the movable axle of gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool in the interpolation week
With the speed ratio factor between slotting tool gyroaxis in phase, then the speed that gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool move forward and backward axle is carried out in real time
Control, the speed of the movable axle of the gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool is determined by formula (1)：
In formula (1), ωcFor the angular speed of gear blank gyroaxis, ωbFor the angular speed of slotting tool gyroaxis, vxFor the movable axle of slotting tool
Linear velocity,Polar angle corresponding to slotting tool pitch circle and not rounded straight-tooth gear pitch curve point of contact,WithFor
With regard toFunction；If the polar equation of not rounded straight-tooth gear pitch curve isSlotting tool pitch radius is rc,D=r2±rcC, e=rc ± rcR,G=a2r2/d2,M=(ra+ab)/c, thenWithCan be expressed as follows：
Wherein, " ± " number for occurring in formula, to the processing of not rounded external gear "+" is taken, and to not rounded interior bracing "-" is taken.
4. the processing method that a kind of non-circular gear according to claim 1 continuously transforms into gear shaping, it is characterised in that：
In slotting tool gyroaxis is with constant rotational speed slotting not rounded helical teeth gear blank, digital control system is received once in each interpolation cycle
The positional information of gear blank gyroaxis, the point of contact that slotting tool pitch circle is calculated accordingly with not rounded angular gear pitch curve is in not rounded pitch curve
Upper corresponding polar angle value, and accordingly polar angle value calculates gear blank gyroaxis and slotting tool gyroaxis, slotting tool are moved up and down between axle,
And slotting tool it is movable between axle and gear blank gyroaxis in the interpolation cycle speed ratio factor, then to gear blank gyroaxis, insert
The speed of the movable axle of knife carries out real-time control, and the speed of the movable axle of the gear blank gyroaxis, slotting tool is true by formula (2)
It is fixed：
In formula (2), ωcFor the revolution angular speed of gear blank gyroaxis, ωbFor the revolution angular speed of slotting tool gyroaxis, vxBefore slotting tool
The linear velocity of shifting axle afterwards,Polar angle corresponding to slotting tool pitch circle and not rounded angular gear pitch curve point of contact, vzFor slotting tool revolution
Axle Z-direction translational speed, βcFor not rounded gear helical angle with differential attachment,WithBe with regard toFunction；i
For symbol coefficient, "-" is taken when pinion cutter helix rotation direction is consistent with pinion cutter rotation direction, otherwise take "+"；If not rounded helical teeth
The polar equation of gear pitch curve isSlotting tool pitch radius is rc, D=r2±rcC, e=rc ± rcR,G=a2r2/d2,M=
(ra+ab)/c, thenWithCan be expressed as follows：
Wherein, " ± " number for occurring in formula, to the processing of not rounded external gear "+" is taken, and to not rounded interior bracing "-" is taken.
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| CN114800032A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-29 | 兰州理工大学 | Non-circular gear design method |
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| CN106624190B (en) | 2017-12-15 |
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