CN106623782A - Method for preparing open pore foamed aluminum through investment casting - Google Patents
Method for preparing open pore foamed aluminum through investment casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN106623782A CN106623782A CN201611092058.9A CN201611092058A CN106623782A CN 106623782 A CN106623782 A CN 106623782A CN 201611092058 A CN201611092058 A CN 201611092058A CN 106623782 A CN106623782 A CN 106623782A
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- mould
- gypsum
- polyurethane
- aluminium
- open pore
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
- B22C9/24—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for hollow articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/081—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing open pore foamed aluminum, and the open pore foamed aluminum with a specific porosity is obtained through investment casting. The method comprises the steps of preparation of a polymeric sponge fired mold, preparation of a plaster model, injection molding of molten-state aluminum liquid and forming of the open pore foamed aluminum. The expected porosity, aperture and yield strength of the open pore foamed aluminum are controlled and obtained by controlling the frequency of roughening treatment of polymeric sponge. According to the main technical indexes and parameters of the obtained full open pore foamed aluminum, the porosity is larger than 91%, the aperture range is from 0.42 mm to 1.5 mm, and the maximum yield strength can reach 58.6 KPa. The properties of the open pore foamed aluminum are better and more stable by further selectively optimizing the aluminum liquid pouring temperature, plaster model preheating temperature and the vacuum degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy technical field of material, more particularly to a kind of logical using model casting preparation
The method of hole foamed aluminium material.
Background technology
Foamed aluminium be in pure aluminum or aluminum alloy add additive after, form through foam process, at the same have concurrently metal and
Bubble feature.Its density is little, high-selenium corn impact capacity strong, high temperature resistant, strong, anticorrosive fire protecting performance, sound insulation and noise reduction, thermal conductivity
Low, electromagnetic wave shielding is high, weatherability is strong, have that filter capacity, easy processing, easy to install, forming accuracy are high, can carry out external coating.
Foamed aluminium belongs to foam material foam metal class, and foamed aluminium is roughly divided into through hole type foamed aluminium and obturator-type according to hole shape pore structure
Foamed aluminium.
The preparation technology of prior art fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy mainly adopts infiltration casting, typically with salt (NaCl) particle work
For filler, evaporate obtain foamed aluminium in the molten metal.Publication No. discloses one for the Chinese patent application of CN104550867A
Kind of " the Seepage Foundry technique of foam aluminium alloy ", using salt particle as pore creating material, the salt particle diameter after preheated screening is 2～
3mm, from zl102 al-si alloy, aluminium alloy is founded in well formula resistance furnace；The salt handled well is fitted into mould, in case
Heat up in formula electric furnace and be preheating to uniform temperature；Aluminum alloy melt is poured into mould after taking-up, is pressurizeed, force molten metal to enter particle empty
In gap：Frock is sloughed after solidification, according to predetermined shape machining is carried out；Salt particle is dissolved, foamed aluminium is obtained.But it is this
Method has the shortcomings of aperture and pore structure are not uniform enough, holing ratio of porosity is bad, perishable, process limitation is big, and
Fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy through-hole rate prepared by infiltration casting is imitated between 60～70% for heat exchange, filtering flow, uniform fluid distribution
It is really not ideal.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to prepare fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy using model casting, there is provided one kind can improve logical
The porosity of hole foamed aluminium and the more excellent stable preparation method of performance can be made.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：It is a kind of to melt the method that die cast prepares through-hole foam aluminum including following
Step：
It is prepared by step A, polyurethane sponge fusible pattern
A1. fusible pattern prepares, and selects average pore size in 1.5～2.0mm, and hole is uniform, connective good three-dimensional polyurethane net
Shape sponge,
A2. spray, using flush coater by polyurethane paint vehicle even application to polyurethane sponge surface,
A3. solidify, the polyurethane sponge after spraying is put into the heating furnace through preheating 60～70 DEG C, be at the uniform velocity warmed up to
110～120 DEG C, and 0.5～1h is incubated,
A4. the step of polyurethane structural enhancing, roughening, repetition A2～A3, until obtaining the polyurethane structural for meeting requirement
Size and intensity；
Step B, the preparation of plaster cast
B1. gypsum is selected, from good fluidity, refractoriness be strong, easy-clear alpha semi-hydrated gypsum,
B2. the composition and proportioning of gypsum mould, selected alpha semi-hydrated gypsum does refractory material, and the matrix composition of refractory material is pressed
Mass percent be 40～45% gypsum, 30～35% retarder, 10～15% inorganic binders, 15～20% water,
B3. molding, the polyurethane sponge handled well is fixed in a mold, the refractory material slurries injection that proportioning is completed
In being slowly injected into mould, and mould is placed in into vibration on bobbing machine, makes refractory material slurries be fully infiltrated into polyurethane sponge
In hole, after slurries hardening, it is put into 200～220 DEG C of drying baker and dries, the then demoulding is finally placed in roaster and roasts
Burn, obtain gypsum mould；
Step C, molten state aluminium liquid body note type
C1. melting, melting ZAlSi7Mg aluminium liquids,
C2. pouring temperature, aluminium liquid body pouring temperature is generally 700～730 DEG C,
C3. gypsum mould preheating temperature, the preheating temperature of gypsum mould is advisable for 400～450 DEG C,
C4. vacuum, vacuum is generally -0.02～-0.05MPa,
C5. gypsum mould is put into vacuum system, meeting when step C1, C2, C3 select the parameter of setting cast is started
Aluminium liquid body；
D steps, fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy shaping
1. by gypsum mould and solidification aluminium take out from vacuum system device, and be positioned in 15～20 DEG C of water carry out it is cold
But, then fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy is obtained by fluidics removing gypsum mould.
2. through-hole foam aluminum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described through-hole foam aluminum hole
Gap rate is 91%～97.5%, and aperture is 0.42mm～1.5mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Using mould casting method is melted, entered by controlling the roughening treatment number of times of polyurethane sponge
And porosity, aperture and the yield strength of expected fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy are controlled and obtain, resulting full fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy is main
Technical indicator and parameter are that porosity is reached as high as more than 91%, pore diameter range 0.42mm～1.5mm, yield strength
58.6KPa.By further selecting to optimize aluminium liquid body pouring temperature, gypsum mould preheating temperature and vacuum so that through-hole foam
The performance of aluminium is more excellent and stable.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 melts mold casting method in a mold to gypsum mould cast aluminum liquid schematic diagram for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail：
Melt die cast to prepare porosity is 91%～97.5%, and aperture is the through-hole foam aluminum of 0.42mm～1.5mm,
Comprise the following steps：
It is prepared by step A, polyurethane sponge fusible pattern
A1. fusible pattern prepares, and selects average pore size in 1.5～2.0mm, the three-dimensional polyurethane net that hole is uniform, connectedness is good
Shape sponge,
A2. spray, using automatic spraying machine by polyurethane paint vehicle even application to polyurethane sponge surface,
A3. solidify, the polyurethane sponge after spraying is put into the heating furnace through preheating 60～70 DEG C, be at the uniform velocity warmed up to
110～120 DEG C, and 0.5～1h is incubated,
A4. the step of polyurethane structural enhancing, roughening, repetition A2～A3, until being met the polyurethane structural of requirement
Size and intensity；
Step B, the preparation of plaster cast
B1. gypsum is selected, from good fluidity, refractoriness be strong, easy-clear alpha semi-hydrated gypsum,
B2. the composition and proportioning of gypsum mould, selected alpha semi-hydrated gypsum does refractory material, and determines the matrix of refractory material
Composition is by mass percentage 40～45% gypsum, 30～35% retarder, 10～15% inorganic binders, 15～20% water,
B3. molding, the polyurethane sponge handled well is fixed in a mold, the refractory material slurries injection that proportioning is completed
In being slowly injected into mould, and mould is placed in into vibration on bobbing machine, makes refractory material slurries be fully infiltrated into polyurethane sponge
In hole, after slurries hardening, it is put into 200～220 DEG C of baking oven and dries, the then demoulding is finally placed in roasting kiln roasting,
Obtain gypsum mould；
Step C, molten state aluminium liquid body note type
C1. melting ZAlSi7Mg aluminium liquids, the aluminium liquid body after this aluminium alloy smelting has good mobility, is more easy to and stone
Cream type merges,
C2. aluminium liquid body pouring temperature, during aluminium liquid body moulding by casting, the too high easy formation of temperature is revealed and increases operation difficulty
Plus, temperature is too low, it is easy solidification cause shaping it is bad, hole insertion rate is poor.So general temperature is chosen for 700～730 DEG C,
C3. gypsum mould preheating temperature, the preheating temperature of gypsum mould it is too high it is too low all shaping can be had undesirable effect, temperature
Too high easy formation is revealed and increases operation difficulty；Temperature is too low, it is easy solidification cause shaping it is bad, hole insertion rate is poor.Institute
It is advisable at 400～450 DEG C with choosing temperature,
C4. the impact of vacuum, suction is that, in order that aluminium liquid body is smoothly entered into gypsum mould, but vacuum is excessive
Too small that all shaping can be had undesirable effect, vacuum is too high to make aluminium liquid body ooze out mould, and vacuum is too low to make aluminium liquid body
Cannot be fully immersed into hole, cause formed body hole not insertion.So vacuum is generally -0.02～-0.05MPa,
C5. gypsum mould is put into vacuum system, meeting when step C1, C2, C3 select setup parameter cast aluminum is started
Liquid；
D steps, fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy shaping
By gypsum mould and solidification aluminium take out from vacuum system device, and be positioned in 15～20 DEG C of water carry out it is cold
But, then by fluidics removing gypsum mould, so as to obtain final desired fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy.
In mould 1 to the cast aluminum liquid 2 of gypsum mould 3 as shown in figure 1, being improved by pumped vacuum systems 5 in casting process
Vacuum inside mould 1, typically arranges air-permeable layer 4 in the bottom of gypsum mould 3.
Embodiment one
It is prepared by step A, polyurethane sponge fusible pattern
It is 97～98% from porosity, aperture is the three-dimensional polyurethane that hole is uniform, connectedness is good of 1.45～1.5mm
Mesh sponge, ready polyurethane sponge is put into automatic spraying machine, and adjustment machine is uniformly sprayed onto polyurethane paint vehicle
Polyurethane sponge surface；Heating furnace is preheating into 55 DEG C, then the polyurethane sponge after spraying is put into the heating after preheating
In stove, 110 DEG C are at the uniform velocity warmed up to, and are incubated 0.5h.Roughening treatment is not carried out to polyurethane sponge knot.
Step B, the preparation of plaster cast
Ready polyurethane sponge in step A is put into mould, then according to the water stone of mass percent proportioning α type half
Cream, land plaster：Retarder：Inorganic binder：Water=40:30:10:20, and by calcium plaster raw material uniform stirring, until calcium plaster
In without till bubble.Then calcium plaster is slowly injected into mould, and mould is placed on bobbing machine is vibrated, make stone
Cream slurry is more preferably fused together with polyurethane sponge, after slurries hardening, is put into 200 DEG C of drying baker and is taken off after drying
Mould, is placed in roasting kiln roasting and obtains gypsum mould.
Step C, molten state aluminium liquid body note type
Gypsum mould is preheated in heating furnace, temperature is 400 DEG C, the time is 5～6h, while melting ZAlSi7Mg aluminium
Liquid, by air-permeable layer the bottom of mould is placed on, and for excluding aluminium liquid body and the gas in gypsum mould, makes aluminium liquid body and gypsum
The more saturation of type fusion.Then by the aluminium liquid body injection gypsum mould after melting, pouring temperature is 700 DEG C, then closed mold,
Vacuum system starts suction pressure, and vacuum is -0.05MPa；
D steps, fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy shaping
After molten state aluminium liquid castable 10min, the aluminium of gypsum mould and solidification is taken out from vacuum system device, and put
It is placed in 15 DEG C of water and is cooled down, then gypsum mould is removed by fluidics, so as to obtains final desired through-hole foam
Aluminium.
Prepared fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy parameter is as follows：
Porosity：97.5%；
Average pore size：1.42mm；
Yield strength：17.6KPa.
Embodiment two
1 roughening treatment is carried out to polyurethane sponge knot, remaining step, parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Prepared fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy parameter is as follows：
Porosity：96.2%；
Average pore size：1.38mm；
Yield strength：21.5KPa.
Embodiment three
It is prepared by step A, polyurethane sponge fusible pattern
It is 97～98% from porosity, aperture is the three-dimensional polyurethane that hole is uniform, connectedness is good of 1.45～1.5mm
Mesh sponge, ready polyurethane sponge is put into automatic spraying machine, and adjustment machine is uniformly sprayed onto polyurethane paint vehicle
Polyurethane sponge surface；Heating furnace is preheating into 57 DEG C, then the polyurethane sponge after spraying is put into the heating after preheating
In stove, 115 DEG C are at the uniform velocity warmed up to, and are incubated 0.7h.The poly- ammonia that 2 roughening treatments are met requirement is carried out to polyurethane sponge
Ester structure size and intensity.
Step B, the preparation of plaster cast
Ready polyurethane sponge in step A is put into mould, then according to the water stone of mass percent proportioning α type half
Cream, land plaster：Retarder：Inorganic binder：Water=43:30:10:17, and by calcium plaster raw material uniform stirring, until calcium plaster
In without till bubble.Then calcium plaster is slowly injected into mould, and mould is placed on bobbing machine is vibrated, make stone
Cream slurry is more preferably fused together with polyurethane sponge, after slurries hardening, is put into 210 DEG C of drying baker and is taken off after drying
Mould, is placed in roasting kiln roasting and obtains gypsum mould.
Step C, molten state aluminium liquid body note type
Gypsum mould is preheated in heating furnace, temperature is 430 DEG C, the time is 5.5h, while melting ZAlSi7Mg aluminium
Liquid, by air-permeable layer the bottom of mould is placed on, and for excluding aluminium liquid body and the gas in gypsum mould, makes aluminium liquid body and gypsum
The more saturation of type fusion.Then by the aluminium liquid body injection gypsum mould after melting, pouring temperature is 720 DEG C, then closed mold,
Vacuum system starts suction pressure, and vacuum is -0.03MPa；
D steps, fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy shaping
After molten state aluminium liquid castable 12min, the aluminium of gypsum mould and solidification is taken out from vacuum system device, and put
It is placed in 17 DEG C of water and is cooled down, then gypsum mould is removed by fluidics, so as to obtains final desired through-hole foam
Aluminium.
Prepared fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy parameter is as follows：
Porosity：97%；
Average pore size：1.25mm；
Yield strength：27.8KPa.
Example IV
3 roughening treatments are carried out to polyurethane sponge knot, remaining step, parameter are identical with embodiment three.
Prepared fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy parameter is as follows：
Porosity：93.1%；
Average pore size：1.12mm；
Yield strength：37.9KPa.
Embodiment five
4 roughening treatments are carried out to polyurethane sponge knot, remaining step, parameter are identical with embodiment three.
Prepared fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy parameter is as follows：
Porosity：92.5%；
Average pore size：1.07mm；
Yield strength：45.6KPa.
Embodiment six
It is prepared by step A, polyurethane sponge fusible pattern
It is 97～98% from porosity, aperture is the three-dimensional polyurethane that hole is uniform, connectedness is good of 1.45～1.5mm
Mesh sponge, ready polyurethane sponge is put into automatic spraying machine, and adjustment machine is uniformly sprayed onto polyurethane paint vehicle
Polyurethane sponge surface；Heating furnace is preheating into 60 DEG C, then the polyurethane sponge after spraying is put into the heating after preheating
In stove, 120 DEG C are at the uniform velocity warmed up to, and are incubated 1h.Roughening treatment is not carried out to polyurethane sponge knot.5 are carried out to polyurethane sponge
Secondary roughening treatment is met the polyurethane structural size and intensity of requirement.
Step B, the preparation of plaster cast
Ready polyurethane sponge in step A is put into mould, then according to the water stone of mass percent proportioning α type half
Cream, land plaster：Retarder：Inorganic binder：Water=45:30:10:15, and by calcium plaster raw material uniform stirring, until calcium plaster
In without till bubble.Then calcium plaster is slowly injected into mould, and mould is placed on bobbing machine is vibrated, make stone
Cream slurry is more preferably fused together with polyurethane sponge, after slurries hardening, is put into 220 DEG C of drying baker and is taken off after drying
Mould, is placed in roasting kiln roasting and obtains gypsum mould.
Step C, molten state aluminium liquid body note type
Gypsum mould is preheated in heating furnace, temperature is 450 DEG C, the time is 6h, while melting ZAlSi7Mg aluminium liquids
Body, by air-permeable layer the bottom of mould is placed on, and for excluding aluminium liquid body and the gas in gypsum mould, makes aluminium liquid body and gypsum mould
The more saturation of fusion.Then by the aluminium liquid body injection gypsum mould after melting, pouring temperature is 700 DEG C, then closed mold, very
Empty set system starts suction pressure, and vacuum is -0.02MPa；
D steps, fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy shaping
After molten state aluminium liquid castable 15min, the aluminium of gypsum mould and solidification is taken out from vacuum system device, and put
It is placed in 20 DEG C of water and is cooled down, then gypsum mould is removed by fluidics, so as to obtains final desired through-hole foam
Aluminium.
Prepared fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy parameter is as follows：
Porosity：91%；
Average pore size：1.01mm；
Yield strength：58.6KPa.
Different process gained fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy parameter comparison such as table 1 in embodiment one～six：
Table 1
By the data in upper table it can be shown that the roughening treatment number of times of polyurethane sponge will affect the hole of fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy
Gap rate and aperture and yield strength, the fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy size that can control finally to want to obtain according to the number of times of adjustment roughening
Structure, fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy possesses more excellent performance, is more widely applied.
Claims (2)
1. it is a kind of to melt the method that die cast prepares through-hole foam aluminum, comprise the following steps：
It is prepared by step A, polyurethane sponge fusible pattern
A1. fusible pattern prepares, and selects average pore size in 2.5～3mm, the three-dimensional polyurethane mesh sponge that hole is uniform, connectedness is good,
A2. spray, using flush coater by polyurethane paint vehicle even application to polyurethane sponge surface,
A3. solidify, the polyurethane sponge after spraying is put into the heating furnace through preheating 60～70 DEG C, be at the uniform velocity warmed up to 110
～120 DEG C, and 0.5～1h is incubated,
A4. the step of polyurethane structural enhancing, roughening, repetition A2～A3, until obtaining the polyurethane structural size for meeting requirement
And intensity；
Step B, the preparation of plaster cast
B1. gypsum is selected, from good fluidity, refractoriness be strong, easy-clear alpha semi-hydrated gypsum,
B2. the composition and proportioning of gypsum mould, selected alpha semi-hydrated gypsum does refractory material, and the matrix composition of refractory material presses quality
Percentage be 40～45% gypsum, 30～35% retarder, 10～15% inorganic binders, 15～20% water,
B3. molding, the polyurethane sponge handled well is fixed in a mold, and the refractory material slurries injection that proportioning is completed is slow
In being injected into mould, and mould is placed in into vibration on bobbing machine, makes refractory material slurries be fully infiltrated into polyurethane sponge hole
In, after slurries hardening, it is put into 200～220 DEG C of drying baker and dries, the then demoulding is finally placed in roasting kiln roasting, obtains
Obtain gypsum mould；
Step C, molten state aluminium liquid body note type
C1. melting, melting ZAlSi7Mg aluminium liquids,
C2. pouring temperature, aluminium liquid body pouring temperature is generally 700～730 DEG C,
C3. gypsum mould preheating temperature, the preheating temperature of gypsum mould is 400～450 DEG C,
C4. vacuum, vacuum is generally -0.02～-0.05MPa,
C5. gypsum mould being put into vacuum system, to meet start when step C1, C2, C3 select the parameter of setting aluminium liquid is poured into a mould
Body；
D steps, fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy shaping
The aluminium of gypsum mould and solidification is taken out from vacuum system device, and is positioned in 15～20 DEG C of water and is cooled down, so
Afterwards gypsum mould is removed by fluidics, obtain fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy.
2. through-hole foam aluminum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described through-hole foam aluminum porosity
For 91%～97.5%, aperture is 0.42mm～1.5mm.
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