CN106538671B - Special preservative for pomegranate - Google Patents
Special preservative for pomegranate Download PDFInfo
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- CN106538671B CN106538671B CN201610977478.9A CN201610977478A CN106538671B CN 106538671 B CN106538671 B CN 106538671B CN 201610977478 A CN201610977478 A CN 201610977478A CN 106538671 B CN106538671 B CN 106538671B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23B7/155—Microorganisms; Enzymes; Antibiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/158—Apparatus for preserving using liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a special pomegranate preservative which comprises the following components: the compound preservative is prepared by the following steps of dividing the components into 4 groups, stirring the preservative components in groups, adding the preservative components into a preservative preparation tank 7 in a gradient manner, adding 2-5% of glycerol by volume ratio, stirring at 5000-6000 rpm/min for 3-5 min, finally adding 0.1-0.2% of chitinase and 0.1-0.4% of lysozyme aqueous solution for 1-5%, and stirring at 800-1200 rpm/min for 1-3 min. The preservative provided by the invention has the advantages that the using dosage of each component is extremely small, the safety is ensured, the problems of high toxicity and high residue are solved, the functions of the components are complementary and the synergy is realized, and the good preservative and fresh-keeping effects are fully exerted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preservation, and relates to a special preservative for pomegranate.
Background
The pomegranate often has high residual amount and is easy to exceed the standard when a large amount of preservative is used for 5-7 days under the conditions of normal temperature and high temperature, but the pomegranate is easy to produce cold damage when the temperature is not proper, so that the peel is browned, and the pomegranate is not resistant to hypoxia and high carbon dioxide.
Particularly, the pomegranate calyx is false healing, the head of the calyx can store dirt and hide more than 10 pathogenic bacteria and is directly communicated with pulp grains, the conventional preservative treatment can hardly reach the bacterial contamination part, the surface is easy to be rubbed and damaged during coating or cleaning treatment, the peel browning is generated, and the commodity value is reduced.
Patent document CN103651766A discloses a special preservative for storage of fresh pomegranate fruits, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.003-0.01 part of natamycin, 0.03-0.08 part of gluconic acid-delta-lactone, 3-6 parts of citric acid, 2-5 parts of ascorbic acid, 0.05-0.12 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, 0.2-0.7 part of sodium caseinate and 1000 parts of water. The pomegranate fruit treated by the preservative is packaged by single fruit bags, and is stored at low temperature for 160 days, the peel is bright in color, the grains are glittering and plump, the sensory quality is good, the commercial fruit rate reaches 93%, the preservation effect is obvious, and the preservative can be popularized and applied in production.
The patent is one of the existing film coating agents, a protective film is formed on the surface of the pomegranate, a certain effect can be achieved on the preservation of the pomegranate, but the problems that pathogenic bacteria hidden in a calyx part are difficult to kill and inhibit, the residual amount of the preservative is high and the environment is polluted still cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the special pomegranate preservative which has the advantages of omnibearing three-dimensional treatment, low residue and long preservation time.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a special pomegranate preservative comprises the following components: chitosan, 1-methylcyclopropene, sodium metabisulfite, imazalil, oregano essential oil, texol, shellac, diphenylamine, chitinase, lysozyme, glycerol, magnetized water and ethanol, wherein the above components are divided into 4 groups for use, specifically as follows:
⑴ antistaling agent A:
① chitosan with the concentration of water solution being 1-5% by mass concentration;
② imazalil, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.01-0.04% by mass;
③ Oregano essential oil, the concentration of the water solution is 0.01-0.1% by mass concentration;
⑵ antistaling agent B:
① Tekko alcohol solution with the concentration of 1-6% by mass;
② shellac, ethanol solution with concentration of 0.1-0.5 wt%;
③ diphenylamine, ethanol solution with 0.01-0.03% concentration;
the preservative A and the preservative B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-5;
⑶ antistaling agent C:
1-methylcyclopropene in a dose of 1. mu.g/m
3，
⑷ antistaling agent D:
sodium pyrosulfite, the concentration of the used dosage solution is 0.01-0.02% by mass concentration.
And then, the preservative A and the preservative B are placed into a stirrer, 2-5% of glycerol is added, stirring is carried out at 5000-6000 rpm for 3-5 min, and finally, 0.1-0.2% of chitinase and 0.1-0.4% of lysozyme aqueous solution are added, stirring is carried out at 800-1200 rpm for 1-3 min, so as to prepare the A + B compound preservative.
An application system of a special preservative for pomegranate comprises a storehouse body storage room, a high-pressure air generator, a preservative liquid distribution tank, a primary pressure atomizer and a secondary pressure sprayer, wherein the preservative liquid distribution tank is arranged on one side in the storehouse body, an outlet of the preservative liquid distribution tank is connected with the primary atomizer through a pipeline, the high-pressure air generator supplies compressed air to the primary pressure atomizer and the secondary pressure sprayer respectively through pipelines, and a liquid inlet of the primary pressure atomizer is connected with the preservative liquid distribution tank through a pipeline to provide liquid for the primary pressure atomizer;
the outer cover is hermetically arranged outside the primary pressure atomizer, the outer cover is connected with a liquid inlet of the secondary pressure atomizer through a pipeline, the micro liquid after primary atomization is conveyed to the secondary pressure atomizer to be used as a liquid source for secondary atomization, and the primary pressure atomizer and the secondary pressure atomizer have the same structure as the existing pressure atomizer; the other side of the storehouse body is communicated with a pressure balancing device, and the end part of the exhaust pipe extends into the water tank; the special pomegranate preservative according to claim 1 is placed in the preservative solution preparation tank.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the preservative provided by the invention relates to a plurality of functional components, including bacteriostatic agents (chitosan), preservatives (sodium metabisulfite and diphenylamine), mildewproof agents (imazalil, texadol), essential oil (oregano essential oil) and active enzymes (chitinase and lysozyme), and inducer (1-methylcyclopropene), wherein the bacteriostatic agents can inhibit the propagation of pathogenic bacteria, the preservatives can prevent the rot of tiny mechanical wounds on the surfaces of pomegranate, the mildewproof agents can inhibit the propagation of mildew, the active enzymes can be used as a biological preservative to inhibit the propagation of thalli, low residue is ensured, the inducer can inhibit ethylene and delay the senescence of fruits, the compound preservative can form omnibearing three-dimensional mildew prevention and preservation on the environment in a cold store and on the surfaces and calyx of the pomegranate, the quality of the pomegranate in each link is thoroughly ensured, and the preservation effect is ensured.
According to the pomegranate fresh-keeping agent, the cosolvent glycerol is added into the formula, and the components are mixed after being dissolved in groups, so that the dispersion effect of each component can be guaranteed, especially after atomization, the uniformity and the synergistic effect of the whole atomization gas are guaranteed, and the mildew-proof fresh-keeping effect of the pomegranates at each corner and different positions in the storehouse body is guaranteed.
This application has used the atomizer on the use of preservative agent for the first time, the atomizer adopts the mode of secondary atomizing to go on, discover through using the contrast, because the composition of this preservative agent is more, through once atomizing back, its dispersion effect is unsatisfactory, the gaseous phase particle size that secondary atomizing obtained further reduces, guarantee the flotation time and the space range of preservative agent atomized particles in the space, can restrain calyx position and hide the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, the long ageing ground of three-dimensional full aspect has guaranteed pomegranate and has stored quality and commercial value.
This application is applied to fresh-keeping field with the shellac for the first time, and the shellac is a natural composition that disinfects, and the shellac can cover simultaneously and form antibacterial film behind the pomegranate surface, can prevent the microorganism invasion, inhibits the evaporation of water and adjusts respiratory metabolism, prolongs the fresh-keeping period of pomegranate.
The preservative provided by the invention has the advantages that the using dosage of each component is extremely small, the secondary atomization treatment is adopted, the safety is ensured, the problems of high toxicity and high residue are solved, the functions of the components are complementary and the synergy is realized, and the good preservative and fresh-keeping effects are fully exerted.
This application is when preparing solution, and the use is the magnetized drinking water, can make on the one hand each component dissolve and distribute more evenly, and on the other hand can also dust fall and clean space, guarantees compound antistaling agent at the instantaneous atomization effect of spraying simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a using device and a fresh-keeping storehouse of the fresh-keeping agent.
Detailed Description
The process of the invention is described below by means of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, of the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims.
A special pomegranate preservative comprises the following components: chitosan, 1-methylcyclopropene, sodium metabisulfite, imazalil, oregano essential oil, texol, shellac, diphenylamine, chitinase, lysozyme, glycerol, magnetized water and ethanol, wherein the components are divided into 4 groups for use, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
⑴ antistaling agent A:
① Chitosan, the concentration of the aqueous solution is 1% -5%, the molecular weight of the chitosan is 1 multiplied by 10
4～2×10
5Da, deacetylation degree of 85-95%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing 0.5-1 g of chitosan, adding 50mL of water, adding 1mL of glacial acetic acid, stirring uniformly, heating to 80-90 ℃, adding water to 100mL, and keeping the temperature for 45 min.
② concentration of imazalil in water solution is 0.01-0.04%.
③ Oregano essential oil with water solution concentration of 0.01-0.1%, the preparation method comprises adding 3.0% Oregano essential oil into 500-1000 ml water, adding 6.0% soybean oil and 0.8% homogeneous emulsifier Tween-20, shaking for 3min, mixing, and stirring at 800-1200 rpm/min for 3-5 min.
⑵ antistaling agent B:
① Tekko, ethanol solution concentration is 1-6 wt%;
② shellac, ethanol solution with concentration of 0.1-0.5%, and 85-95% ethanol water solution, heating at 35-45 deg.C, and dissolving to obtain solution;
③ diphenylamine 0.01-0.03%, after acetic acid is dissolved, ethanol is used to fix the volume to the final use concentration;
⑶ antistaling agent C:
1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) powder, which is dissolved in water at the time of use and rapidly treated in an airtight manner at a dose of 1 μ g/m
3。
⑷ antistaling agent D:
the sodium pyrosulfite powder is dissolved in water at the time of use and is rapidly treated in an airtight way, and the concentration of the solution in the use amount (weight ratio) is 0.01-0.02%.
Pretreatment of raw materials: putting the preservative A and the preservative B into a stirrer according to the volume ratio of 1: 2-5, adding 2-5% of glycerol (volume ratio), stirring at 5000-6000 rpm/min for 3-5 min, finally adding 0.1-0.2% of chitinase and 0.1-0.4% of lysozyme aqueous solution at 1-5% (volume ratio), and stirring at 800-1200 rpm/min for 1-3 min to prepare the A + B compound preservative for later use. Wherein, the water used in the preparation process is magnetized water.
Application method of special preservative
Before use, the preservative A, B is prepared into the A + B compound preservative according to the preparation method, the preservative is ready for use, the preservative A + B and the preservative C, D are sequentially added into the preservative solution preparation tank 2 when the preservative is used, the feeding hole is rapidly sealed, and the primary pressure atomizer and the secondary pressure atomizer are started simultaneously.
The prepared preservative is added into atomization mildew-proof preservation equipment special for fruits and vegetables, and the equipment adopts a high-pressure air compression technology, so that the liquid preservative is continuously atomized for two times, the average diameter of particles is less than 1 mu m, and the equipment has the advantages of strong stability, long bacteriostatic time effect, no deposition, automatic control of feeding amount according to setting and good preservation effect.
In order to prove the beneficial effects of the invention, the inventor mixes the special pomegranate preservative according to the raw materials and performs a preservation test, and the specific test conditions are as follows:
experimental materials: the high-quality pomegranate is collected from a Tong district near Xian city of Shaanxi province to replace the Wangzhen pomegranate high-yield garden, the quality of a single fruit is about 300g, the fruit is completely mature, the color of the peel is bright, the grains are glittering and plump, and no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical injuries exist.
1. Preservative treatment: the pomegranate fruit is placed in a refrigeration house, precooled for 3 days at the temperature of 5 ℃, stored in the refrigeration house with the temperature of 3-4 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90% -95%, and subjected to spray fumigation every 7-15 days, and the pomegranate is subjected to a fresh-keeping experiment.
2. And (4) comparison treatment: the pomegranate fruits are not treated by the preservative, and are only stored in the same packaging, precooling and storing modes as the preservation regulation.
The storage amount of each group of preservative treatment and contrast treatment is 30kg, and random sampling test is carried out every 40 days during the storage period. The pomegranate treated by the preservative is not changed in quality in 200 days, the good fruit rate is 95.2 percent, and the commodity value is obviously improved.
The application simultaneously provides an application system of special antistaling agent of pomegranate, store 3 (air-conditioned cold store or phase temperature storehouse) including the storehouse body, high-pressure air generator 8, the antistaling agent joins in marriage fluid reservoir 7, first pressure atomizer 6, secondary pressure spouts ware 2, place the antistaling agent in the internal one side in storehouse and join in marriage the fluid reservoir, the export of joining in marriage the fluid reservoir passes through pipe connection first atomizer, high-pressure air generator provides compressed air for first pressure atomizer and secondary pressure sprayer respectively through pipeline 1, the inlet of first pressure atomizer passes through the pipeline and joins in marriage the fluid reservoir with the antistaling agent and is connected, provide liquid for first pressure atomizer, can adopt prior art such as transfer pump.
This application is at an external seal installation dustcoat of a pressure atomizer, and the dustcoat passes through the pipe connection secondary pressure and spouts the ware inlet, and the small liquid after will atomizing is carried to secondary pressure and spouts the ware, as the liquid source of secondary atomizing, and primary pressure atomizer and secondary pressure atomizer are the same with current pressure atomizer structure, and this application is established ties its business turn over for the first time, makes liquid carry out the secondary atomizing, and it is littleer to obtain the granule, disperses more even spraying granule.
In order to ensure the balance of the air pressure in the storehouse body, the other side of the storehouse body is communicated with a pressure balance device which is composed of an exhaust pipe 4 and a water tank 5, the end part of the exhaust pipe extends into the water tank 5, the air tightness of the storehouse body storage room is kept by the water pressure, on one hand, the air cannot enter the storehouse body storage room, on the other hand, when the air pressure in the storehouse body is too large, the fresh-keeping fog can be effectively discharged and recovered, and the air tightness is safe and environment-friendly.
Claims (1)
1. The special preservative for the pomegranate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: comprises the following components: chitosan, 1-methylcyclopropene, sodium metabisulfite, imazalil, oregano essential oil, texol, shellac, diphenylamine, chitinase, lysozyme, glycerol, magnetized water and ethanol, wherein the above components are divided into 4 groups for use, specifically as follows:
⑴ antistaling agent A:
① chitosan, the concentration of the aqueous solution is 1-5% by mass concentration;
② imazalil, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.01-0.04% by mass;
③ origanum essential oil, the concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.01-0.1% by mass concentration;
⑵ antistaling agent B:
① Tekker, ethanol solution concentration is 1% -6%, mass concentration;
② shellac, 0.1-0.5% concentration of ethanol solution, and mass concentration;
③ diphenylamine, wherein the concentration of the ethanol solution is 0.01-0.03%, and the mass concentration is;
the preservative A and the preservative B are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-5;
⑶ antistaling agent C:
1-methylcyclopropene at a dose of 1 microgram/m
3；
⑷ antistaling agent D:
sodium pyrosulfite, wherein the concentration of the used dosage solution is 0.01-0.02% by mass;
putting the preservative A and the preservative B into a stirrer, adding 2-5% of glycerol by volume, stirring at 5000-6000 rpm for 3-5 min, finally adding 0.1-0.2% of chitinase and 0.1-0.4% of lysozyme aqueous solution by volume, and stirring at 800-1200 rpm for 1-3 min to prepare an A + B compound preservative;
the application system matched with the special preservative for the pomegranates comprises a storehouse body storage room, a high-pressure air generator, a preservative liquid distribution tank, a primary pressure atomizer and a secondary pressure sprayer, wherein the preservative liquid distribution tank is arranged on one side in the storehouse body, an outlet of the preservative liquid distribution tank is connected with the primary pressure atomizer through a pipeline, the high-pressure air generator supplies compressed air to the primary pressure atomizer and the secondary pressure sprayer respectively through pipelines, and a liquid inlet of the primary pressure atomizer is connected with the preservative liquid distribution tank through a pipeline to supply liquid to the primary pressure atomizer; the other side of the storehouse body is communicated with a pressure balancing device, and the end part of the exhaust pipe extends into the water tank; the special preservative for pomegranate is placed in the preservative solution preparation tank.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610977478.9A CN106538671B (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Special preservative for pomegranate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610977478.9A CN106538671B (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Special preservative for pomegranate |
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| CN106538671A CN106538671A (en) | 2017-03-29 |
| CN106538671B true CN106538671B (en) | 2020-02-11 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Families Citing this family (1)
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| CN107788095A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-13 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of compelx coating liquid and egg fresh-keeping process for egg fresh-keeping |
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|---|---|
| CN106538671A (en) | 2017-03-29 |
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