CN106526147A - Device and method for measuring expansion performance of mortar or concrete under vertical semi-submerged condition - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring expansion performance of mortar or concrete under vertical semi-submerged condition Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种测量砂浆或混凝土在立式半浸条件下的膨胀性能测量的装置及方法,包括校准试模、横向移动杆、纵向移动杆、位移测量装置、位移测量装置固定装置、底座;所述纵向移动杆设置在底座上,横向移动杆安装于纵向移动杆上,并相互垂直,且横向移动杆能够相对于纵向移动杆横向移动,纵向移动杆能够相对于横向移动杆纵向移动;横向移动杆的两端安装有位移测量装置固定装置,且位移测量装置固定装置能够相对于横向移动杆横向移动,位移测量装置固定装置垂直于与横向移动杆和纵向移动杆构成的面,所述位移测量装置固定装置的端部固定有位移测量装置。本发明装置不仅具有测量精度高的优点,而且还具有结构简单、操作方便等优点。
The invention discloses a device and method for measuring the expansion performance of mortar or concrete under the condition of vertical semi-immersion, including a calibration test mold, a lateral moving rod, a longitudinal moving rod, a displacement measuring device, a fixing device for the displacement measuring device, and a base The longitudinal moving rod is arranged on the base, the lateral moving rod is installed on the longitudinal moving rod, and is perpendicular to each other, and the lateral moving rod can move laterally relative to the longitudinal moving rod, and the longitudinal moving rod can move longitudinally relative to the lateral moving rod; The two ends of the laterally moving rod are equipped with a displacement measuring device fixing device, and the displacement measuring device fixing device can move laterally relative to the laterally moving rod, and the displacement measuring device fixing device is perpendicular to the plane formed by the laterally moving rod and the longitudinally moving rod. The end of the displacement measuring device fixing device is fixed with a displacement measuring device. The device of the invention not only has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, but also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and the like.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种砂浆或混凝土在立式半浸条件下的膨胀性能测量方法及装置一种测量砂浆或混凝土在立式半浸下膨胀性能的方法及装置,属于砂浆或混凝土变形测量技术领域。The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the expansion performance of mortar or concrete under vertical half-immersion conditions. A method and a device for measuring the expansion performance of mortar or concrete under vertical half-immersion conditions belong to the technical field of mortar or concrete deformation measurement.
背景技术Background technique
水泥砂浆与混凝土材料是建筑工程中应用最广、最成功的建筑材料之一,但是在特殊条件的收缩与膨胀导致破坏也暴露了这种材料使用的局限性。长期的调查发现我国大部分土壤中含SO4 2-、Cl-、CO3 2-以及Mg2+、Ca+、Na+、K+等腐蚀性介质,且以西北地区尤为严重。在西部盐湖环境下混凝土在地面以上30cm内干湿交替部位首先发生严重的盐结晶侵蚀破坏,混凝土在西部盐湖环境下,l年左右即发生严重的盐结晶破坏。依据混凝土的破坏规律,可以将破坏的混凝土分为三个区域:液下区、液面区以及大气区,三个破坏区域遵循不同的破坏机理。混凝土液面区和大气区常发生盐结晶破坏,盐结晶破坏是指混凝土内毛细孔吸取了地下水,在混凝土内某一高度达到平衡后,当外界相对湿度降低而使毛细孔中水分蒸发时,盐溶液被浓缩直至结晶,产生结晶压力而导致混凝土材料破坏;而液下区多发生化学侵蚀破坏,即硫酸盐与水化产物反应,生成膨胀性的产物,导致材料的破坏。为了进一步研究在此环境水泥基材破坏机理,需要表征试件不同区域的体积变化,但是已有的装置与设备却不能满足此要求。Cement mortar and concrete materials are one of the most widely used and successful building materials in construction engineering, but the shrinkage and expansion under special conditions lead to damage, which also exposes the limitations of the use of this material. A long-term survey found that most of the soil in our country contains SO 4 2- , Cl - , CO 3 2- and Mg 2+ , Ca + , Na + , K + and other corrosive media, especially in the northwest region. In the western saline lake environment, the concrete will first suffer from serious salt crystal erosion and damage at the alternating dry and wet parts within 30 cm above the ground. In the western saline lake environment, the concrete will undergo serious salt crystal damage in about one year. According to the failure law of concrete, the damaged concrete can be divided into three areas: the submerged area, the liquid surface area and the atmospheric area. The three damaged areas follow different failure mechanisms. Salt crystallization damage often occurs in the concrete liquid surface area and atmospheric area. Salt crystallization damage means that the capillary pores in the concrete absorb groundwater. After a certain height in the concrete reaches equilibrium, when the external relative humidity decreases and the water in the capillary pores evaporates, The salt solution is concentrated until it crystallizes, producing crystallization pressure and causing damage to the concrete material; and chemical erosion damage often occurs in the submerged zone, that is, the sulfate reacts with the hydration product to form an expansive product, which leads to the destruction of the material. In order to further study the failure mechanism of cement substrate in this environment, it is necessary to characterize the volume change in different regions of the specimen, but the existing devices and equipment cannot meet this requirement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单,操作方便、并且测量精度较高的测量砂浆或混凝土在立式半浸条件下的膨胀性能测量的装置及方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for measuring expansion properties of mortar or concrete under vertical semi-immersion conditions with simple structure, convenient operation and high measurement accuracy.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种测量砂浆或混凝土在立式半浸条件下的膨胀性能测量的装置,包括校准试模、横向移动杆、纵向移动杆、位移测量装置、位移测量装置固定装置、底座;所述纵向移动杆设置在底座上,横向移动杆安装于纵向移动杆上,并相互垂直,且横向移动杆能够相对于纵向移动杆横向移动,纵向移动杆能够相对于横向移动杆纵向移动;横向移动杆的两端安装有位移测量装置固定装置,且位移测量装置固定装置能够相对于横向移动杆横向移动,位移测量装置固定装置垂直于与横向移动杆和纵向移动杆构成的面,所述位移测量装置固定装置的端部固定有位移测量装置。A device for measuring the expansion performance of mortar or concrete under vertical semi-immersion conditions, comprising a calibration test mold, a lateral movement bar, a longitudinal movement bar, a displacement measuring device, a displacement measuring device fixing device, and a base; the longitudinal movement bar It is arranged on the base, and the lateral movement rod is installed on the longitudinal movement rod, and is perpendicular to each other, and the lateral movement rod can move laterally relative to the longitudinal movement rod, and the longitudinal movement rod can move longitudinally relative to the lateral movement rod; the two ends of the lateral movement rod A displacement measuring device fixing device is installed, and the displacement measuring device fixing device can move laterally relative to the laterally moving rod, the displacement measuring device fixing device is perpendicular to the plane formed by the laterally moving rod and the longitudinal moving rod, the displacement measuring device fixing device The end is fixed with a displacement measuring device.
进一步的,所述的横向移动杆与纵向移动杆通过十字连接件连接。Further, the horizontal moving rod and the longitudinal moving rod are connected through cross connectors.
进一步的,所述的位移测量装置为千分表,精度为0.001mm。Further, the displacement measuring device is a dial gauge with an accuracy of 0.001mm.
进一步的,所述的横向移动杆、纵向移动杆、位移测量装置固定装置和底座均为不锈钢制材料。Further, the horizontal moving rod, the vertical moving rod, the displacement measuring device fixing device and the base are all made of stainless steel.
进一步的,所述的校准试模的规格与测试试件相同或相近,其为不锈钢制材料。Further, the specification of the calibration test mold is the same or similar to that of the test piece, and it is made of stainless steel.
进一步的,所述校准试模上标记有校准位置。Further, calibration positions are marked on the calibration trial mold.
一种测量砂浆或混凝土在立式半浸条件下的膨胀性能测量的方法,步骤如下:A method for measuring the expansion performance of mortar or concrete under vertical semi-immersion conditions, the steps are as follows:
(1)试件预处理:预先在需要测试的试件上取测量位置,要求与校准试模的校准位置在同一高度水平,为每次测量的测点;(1) Specimen pretreatment: take the measurement position on the specimen to be tested in advance, and it is required to be at the same height level as the calibration position of the calibration test mold, which is the measuring point for each measurement;
(2)装置校准:将校准试模放入底座上,调整横向移动杆、纵向移动杆,使位移测量装置与校准试模的校准位置处于同一水平;调整位移测量装置固定装置,使位移测量装置与校准试模的校准位置接触,记录两支千分表读数L0a、L0b;(2) Device calibration: put the calibration test mold on the base, adjust the horizontal movement rod and the vertical movement rod, so that the displacement measurement device and the calibration position of the calibration test mold are at the same level; adjust the displacement measurement device fixing device so that the displacement measurement device Contact the calibration position of the calibration test mold, and record the readings L 0a and L 0b of the two dial gauges;
(3)试件原长度测量:将养护至规定龄期的试件表面水分擦净,放入底座上,记录两支位移测量装置读数L1a、L1b;(3) Measurement of the original length of the test piece: wipe off the surface moisture of the test piece that has been cured to the specified age, put it on the base, and record the readings L 1a and L 1b of the two displacement measuring devices;
(4)试件变化长度测量:再次校准位移测量装置,将校准试模放在底座上,微调位移测量装置固定装置,使两支位移测量装置读数依然为L0a、L0b;取出达到规定侵蚀龄期的试件,将试件表面的水分擦净,放在底座上,记录两支位移测量装置读数L2a、L2b,读数精确至0.001mm;(4) Measurement of the changing length of the specimen: re-calibrate the displacement measuring device, place the calibration test mold on the base, and fine-tune the fixing device of the displacement measuring device so that the readings of the two displacement measuring devices are still L 0a and L 0b ; take it out to reach the specified erosion For older test pieces, wipe off the moisture on the surface of the test piece, put it on the base, record the readings L 2a and L 2b of the two displacement measuring devices, and the readings are accurate to 0.001mm;
(5)试件长度变化计算:ε=(L2a+L2b)-(L1a+L1b);(5) Calculation of specimen length change: ε=(L 2a +L 2b )-(L 1a +L 1b );
其中,L0a、L0b、L1a、L1b、L2a、L2b下标a、b表示两支位移测量装置的示数;下标0、1、2表示校准、试件原长度、试件变化长度的千分表示数;ε为负数时代表收缩,ε为正数时代表膨胀。Among them, the subscripts a and b of L 0a , L 0b , L 1a , L 1b , L 2a , and L 2b indicate the readings of the two displacement measuring devices; the subscripts 0, 1, and 2 indicate calibration, original length of the test piece, and The number expressed in thousandths of the changing length of the piece; when ε is a negative number, it represents contraction, and when ε is a positive number, it represents expansion.
进一步的,所述位移测量装置的读数L0a、L0b、L1a、L1b、L2a、L2b精确至0.001mm。Further, the readings L 0a , L 0b , L 1a , L 1b , L 2a , and L 2b of the displacement measuring device are accurate to 0.001mm.
有益效果:本发明提供的装置及方法,试件可以离开测量装置,满足更多、更复杂的实验条件;采用可以移动的横向移动杆、纵向移动杆以及移测量装置固定装置,保证可以测量不同长度,不同高度的试件;制作专门的校准试模,并在试模上做特殊标记,减小因测点偏离造成误差;采用两支千分表双向测量,进一步减小了因测点偏离产生的误差。Beneficial effects: with the device and method provided by the present invention, the test piece can leave the measuring device to meet more and more complicated experimental conditions; the movable horizontal moving rod, the vertical moving rod and the moving measuring device fixing device can be used to ensure that different measuring devices can be measured. Test pieces of different lengths and heights; make a special calibration test mold and make special marks on the test mold to reduce the error caused by the deviation of the measuring point; use two dial gauges for bidirectional measurement to further reduce the deviation caused by the measuring point resulting error.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为半浸泡实验简图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the half-immersion experiment;
图2为本发明装置结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图2,一种测量砂浆或混凝土在立式半浸条件下的膨胀性能测量的装置,包括校准试模1、横向移动杆2、纵向移动杆3、位移测量装置5、位移测量装置固定装置6、底座7;所述纵向移动杆3设置在底座7上,横向移动杆2安装于纵向移动杆3上,并相互垂直,且横向移动杆2能够相对于纵向移动杆3横向移动,纵向移动杆3能够相对于横向移动杆2纵向移动;横向移动杆2的两端安装有位移测量装置固定装置6,且位移测量装置固定装置6能够相对于横向移动杆2横向移动,位移测量装置固定装置6垂直于与横向移动杆2和纵向移动杆3构成的面;所述位移测量装置固定装置6的端部固定有位移测量装置5。As shown in Figure 2, a device for measuring the expansion performance of mortar or concrete under vertical semi-immersion conditions, including a calibration test mold 1, a lateral moving rod 2, a longitudinal moving rod 3, a displacement measuring device 5, and a displacement measuring device fixing device 6. Base 7; the longitudinal movement bar 3 is arranged on the base 7, the transverse movement bar 2 is installed on the longitudinal movement bar 3, and is perpendicular to each other, and the transverse movement bar 2 can move laterally relative to the longitudinal movement bar 3, and move vertically The rod 3 can move longitudinally relative to the laterally moving rod 2; the two ends of the laterally moving rod 2 are equipped with a displacement measuring device fixing device 6, and the displacement measuring device fixing device 6 can move laterally relative to the laterally moving rod 2, and the displacement measuring device fixing device 6 is perpendicular to the plane formed by the lateral movement rod 2 and the longitudinal movement rod 3; the displacement measurement device 5 is fixed at the end of the displacement measurement device fixing device 6 .
横向移动杆2与纵向移动杆3通过十字连接件4连接。The lateral movement bar 2 is connected with the longitudinal movement bar 3 through a cross connecting piece 4 .
位移测量装置5为千分表,精度为0.001mm。The displacement measuring device 5 is a dial gauge with an accuracy of 0.001 mm.
横向移动杆2、纵向移动杆3、位移测量装置固定装置6和底座7均为不锈钢制材料。The lateral movement bar 2, the longitudinal movement bar 3, the displacement measuring device fixing device 6 and the base 7 are all made of stainless steel.
校准试模1的规格与测试试件相同或相近,其为不锈钢制材料。The specification of the calibration test mold 1 is the same or similar to that of the test piece, and it is made of stainless steel.
校准试模1上标记有校准位置。根据测量位置标定校准位置,测量之前用校准位置调整千分表。Calibration positions are marked on the calibration trial die 1. Calibrate the calibration position according to the measurement position, and adjust the dial gauge with the calibration position before measurement.
利用上述装置的测量砂浆或混凝土在立式半浸条件下的膨胀性能测量的方法,步骤如下:Utilize the method for measuring the expansion performance of mortar or concrete under the vertical semi-immersion condition of the above-mentioned device, the steps are as follows:
(1)试件预处理:预先在试件上取测量位置,为每次测量的测点,要求与校准试模的校准位置在同一水平;(1) Specimen pretreatment: take the measurement position on the specimen in advance, which is the measurement point for each measurement, and it is required to be at the same level as the calibration position of the calibration test mold;
(2)装置校准:将校准试模放入底座上,调整横向杆、纵向杆,使千分表与校准试模的试模校准位置处于同一水平;调整千分表固定装置,使千分表与试模校准位置接触,记录两支千分表读数,L0a、L0b,读数精确至0.001mm;(2) Device calibration: put the calibration test mold on the base, adjust the horizontal bar and the longitudinal bar, so that the calibration position of the dial gauge and the calibration test mold are at the same level; adjust the dial gauge fixing device so that the dial gauge Contact with the calibration position of the test mold, record the readings of two dial gauges, L 0a , L 0b , the readings are accurate to 0.001mm;
(3)试件原长度测量:将养护至规定龄期的试件表面水分擦净,放入底座指定位置,记录两支千分表读数,L1a、L1b,读数精确至0.001mm;(3) Measurement of the original length of the test piece: Wipe off the moisture on the surface of the test piece that has been cured to the specified age, put it in the designated position of the base, and record the readings of two dial gauges, L 1a and L 1b , the readings are accurate to 0.001mm;
(4)试件变化长度测量:再次校准千分表,微调千分表固定装置,使两支千分表读数依然为,L0a、L0b;取出达到规定侵蚀龄期的试件,将试件表面的水分擦净,放入底座指定位置,记录两支千分表读数,L2a、L2b,读数精确至0.001mm;(4) Measurement of the changing length of the test piece: Calibrate the dial gauge again, fine-tune the dial gauge fixing device, so that the readings of the two dial gauges are still L 0a , L 0b ; Wipe off the moisture on the surface of the part, put it into the designated position of the base, record the readings of two dial gauges, L 2a and L 2b , and the readings are accurate to 0.001mm;
(5)试件长度变化计算:ε=(L2a+L2b)-(L1a+L1b);(5) Calculation of specimen length change: ε=(L 2a +L 2b )-(L 1a +L 1b );
其中:L0a、L0b、L1a、L1b、L2a、L2b下标a、b表示两支千分表的示数;下标0、1、2表示校准、原长度、变化长度的千分表示数;ε为负数时代表收缩,ε为正数时代表膨胀。Among them: L 0a , L 0b , L 1a , L 1b , L 2a , L 2b subscripts a and b represent the indications of the two dial gauges; subscripts 0, 1 and 2 represent the calibration, original length and variable length Thousands represent numbers; when ε is negative, it represents contraction, and when ε is positive, it represents expansion.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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