CN106512662A - 一种催化裂化烟气除尘方法及其装置 - Google Patents
一种催化裂化烟气除尘方法及其装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106512662A CN106512662A CN201611003465.8A CN201611003465A CN106512662A CN 106512662 A CN106512662 A CN 106512662A CN 201611003465 A CN201611003465 A CN 201611003465A CN 106512662 A CN106512662 A CN 106512662A
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- cyclone
- flue gas
- grades
- dust
- catalytic cracking
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JESHZQPNPCJVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;sulfite Chemical compound 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[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])=O JESHZQPNPCJVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种催化裂化烟气除尘方法及其装置，属于一种烟气除尘方法及其装置。饱和后的催化裂化烟气依次经过吸收喷淋层、一级旋流系统、水洗喷淋层、二级旋流系统及高效复合除尘除雾器等工艺过程，最后达标排入大气。本发明采用一级旋流系统与二级旋流系统组合工艺大幅提高了脱除烟气粉尘、雾滴的效果，从而提高了除尘效率，保证了装置环保、稳定及高效的运行。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于一种烟气除尘方法及其装置，具体为一种催化裂化烟气除尘方法及其 装置，也可应用于石化、化工、机械、钢铁、建材等技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 催化裂化装置是主要的汽油生产装置，也是炼化企业中重要的重质油轻质化装 置。催化裂化烟气中含有大量的S0 2及催化剂粉尘，其中催化裂化烟气经三旋分离器后烟气 中催化剂粉尘浓度150-30011^/1113，且催化剂粉尘颗粒细小，0-5圓催化剂粉尘占80%以上， 因此催化裂化烟气粉尘是催化裂化装置烟气治理的难点。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的是针对上述存在的技术问题提供了一种脱除催化裂化烟气中粒径 较小的粉尘和雾滴，保证净烟气中的含尘量<30mg/Nm 3,达到烟气排放标准。
[0004] 本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
[0005] -种催化裂化烟气除尘装置，该装置从下到上依次包括脱硫塔塔釜、吸收喷淋层、 一级旋流系统、二级旋流系统和高效复合除尘除雾器，所述的一级旋流系统和二级旋流系 统之间设有水洗喷淋层，所述的一级旋流系统和吸收喷淋层之间设有一级旋流系统反冲洗 层，所述的水洗喷淋层和二级旋流系统之间设有二级旋流系统反冲洗层。
[0006] 在一些技术方案中：所述的一级旋流系统的上方设有整流板。作为优选:整流板上 设有28mm-80mm的圆孔，开孔率30-45 %。
[0007] 在一些技术方案中：一级旋流系统和二级旋流系统中设有旋流器，旋流器内设有1 ~3层旋流板，旋流器壁上设有孔，在旋流器的管道顶部还设有气液隔板。作为优选:一级旋 流系统中设有1~3层旋流板，二级旋流系统中设有2~3层旋流板，所述的旋流板为外向板。
[0008] 在一些技术方案中：高效复合除尘除雾器由折板除雾器和疏松纤维床除尘除雾器 组成。
[0009] 在一些技术方案中：二级旋流系统穿孔动能因子大于一级旋流系统;且二级旋流 系统穿孔动能因子控制在15~25,一级旋流系统穿孔动能因子控制在10~20。
[0010] 在一些优选的技术方案中：吸收喷淋层的吸收液为固含量为3~8%的亚硫酸镁溶 液，吸收喷淋层的流量为360m 3/h，喷淋覆盖率100~200 %。
[0011] 在一些优选的技术方案中：水洗喷淋层的流量为80~100m3/h，喷淋覆盖率100~ 200% 〇
[0012] 本发明技术方案中：所述的催化裂化烟气除尘装置利用水洗循环栗将水洗罐内水 洗液送至水洗喷淋层喷入塔内净化烟气，水洗液经过一级旋流集液盘后自流至水洗罐;二 级旋流集液盘中收集的冲洗水或水洗液也自流至水洗罐。水洗罐内的水洗液通过界外工艺 水补充，同时也通过水洗循环栗向脱硫系统补水，这既保证了系统水平衡，也保证了水洗液 的更新。
[0013] 在所述的除尘方法及其装置中，一级旋流系统与二级旋流系统底部设有反冲洗层 定期冲洗旋流系统，从而保证旋流器除尘除雾效率。
[0014] 在所述的除尘方法及其装置中，一级旋流系统顶部设有整流板对烟气整流，整流 板为一圆形钢板，钢板均布28mm-80mm圆孔，开孔率30-45 %。烟气通过整流板后均勾通过脱 硫塔截面保证了二级旋流系统除尘除雾效率。
[0015] 作为优选，在所述的除尘工艺及其装置中，高效复合除尘除雾器为除雾器与疏松 纤维床除尘除雾器组合结构，并设置在脱硫塔顶部。当一级旋流系统与二级旋流系统失效 或工况恶化时，高效复合除尘除雾器不仅具备除尘除雾的作用，而且保证了除尘除雾效率。
[0016] 作为优选，在所述的除尘工艺及其装置中，旋流器设置的管道为015-25管道，每层 3-4根均布脱硫塔截面;旋流器设置的开孔为015-25，开孔3-4个均布壁面;液体出口为水洗 液与冲洗水出口，液体出口设计为与水平面一定角度，具有增加气体阻力的作用;气液隔板 设计在旋流器顶部且为圆锥形结构，气液隔板隔离水洗液或冲洗水防止漏液。
[0017]作为优选，在所述的除尘工艺及其装置中，一级旋流系统与二级旋流系统设计为 梯级除尘系统，即二级旋流系统穿孔动能因子大于一级旋流系统，从而除尘效率更高。二级 旋流系统穿孔动能因子控制在~20,一级旋流系统穿孔动能因子控制在~15。
[0018] 本发明的有益效果：
[0019] 1)本工艺装置采用吸收喷淋层、一级旋流系统、水洗喷淋层、二级旋流系统及高效 复合除尘除雾器等工艺过程净化烟气，特别是两级旋流除尘除雾系统组合工艺高效脱除了 烟气中细小粉尘与雾滴，最终净烟气尘含量<30mg/Nm 3。
[0020] 2)本工艺装置流程简单，占地小，除尘效率高，操作简便，投资和运行成本较低。
附图说明
[0021] 图1是本发明的催化裂化烟气除尘工艺及其装置流程示意图：
[0022] 图中，1 一饱和烟气，2-吸收喷淋层，3-一级旋流系统反冲洗层，4 一 一级旋流集 液盘，5-一级旋流系统，6-水洗喷淋层，7-二级旋流系统反冲洗层，8-二级旋流集液盘， 9 一二级旋流系统，10-尚效复合除尘除雾器，11 一净烟气，12-水洗循环栗，13-水洗_， 14 一整流板，15-脱硫塔塔爸。
[0023] 图2是本发明的旋流除尘除雾器结构示意图：
[0024] 图中，16-旋流板，17-支撑装置，18-管道，19-孔，20-气液隔板，21-液体出 □ 〇
[0025] 图3是本发明的旋流除尘除雾器分布示意图。
具体实施方式
[0026] 下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围不限于此：
[0027] 如图1~3, 一种催化裂化烟气除尘装置，该装置从下到上依次包括脱硫塔塔釜 (15)、吸收喷淋层(2)、一级旋流系统⑶、二级旋流系统⑶和高效复合除尘除雾器(10)，所 述的一级旋流系统⑶和二级旋流系统(9)之间设有水洗喷淋层(6)，所述的一级旋流系统 (5)和吸收喷淋层(2)之间设有一级旋流系统反冲洗层(3)，所述的水洗喷淋层(6)和二级旋 流系统⑶之间设有二级旋流系统反冲洗层(7)。一级旋流系统⑶的上方设有整流板（14)， 整流板上设有28mm-80mm的圆孔，开孔率30-45 %。
[0028] -级旋流系统（5)和二级旋流系统(9)中设有旋流器，一级旋流系统（5)旋流器内 设有1层旋流板（16)，二级旋流系统(9)的旋流器内设有2层旋流板(16)，所述的旋流板为外 向板;旋流器壁上设有3~4个孔(19)，在旋流器的下方设有液体出口（21)，该出口为水洗液 与冲洗水出口，液体出口设计为与水平面一定角度，具有增加气体阻力的作用;通过支撑装 置(17)将气液隔板(20)固定在旋流器顶部且为圆锥形结构，气液隔板(20)隔离水洗液或冲 洗水防止漏液。
[0029] 所述的高效复合除尘除雾器(10)由折板除雾器和疏松纤维床除尘除雾器组成。
[0030] 该装置还包括水洗循环栗（12)，通过将水洗循环栗（12)将水洗罐（13)内水洗液栗 送至水洗喷淋层(6)喷入塔内净化烟气，水洗液经过位于一级旋流系统(5)底部的一级旋流 集液盘⑷后自流至水洗罐（13);位于二级旋流系统(9)中的二级旋流集液盘⑶中收集的 冲洗水或水洗液也自流至水洗罐（13)。水洗罐（13)内的水洗液通过界外工艺水补充，同时 也通过水洗循环栗（12)向脱硫系统补水，这既保证了系统水平衡，也保证了水洗液的更新。
[0031] 所述的二级旋流系统（9)穿孔动能因子大于一级旋流系统；（5)且二级旋流系统 ⑶穿孔动能因子控制在20,一级旋流系统⑶穿孔动能因子控制在15。
[0032] 饱和催化裂化烟气量为40350Nm3/h，锅炉余热回收后温度185°C，脱硫塔入口饱和 烟气温度65°C，入口烟气尘含量100mg/Nm3。烟气（1)先进入脱硫塔吸收喷淋层（2)，吸收喷 淋层的流量为360m3/h，每层喷淋覆盖率150 %，吸收液为固含量5 %亚硫酸镁溶液。脱除S02 与催化剂粉尘后进入一级旋流系统(5)，一级旋流系统(5)脱除烟气中粉尘，烟气除尘后通 过水洗喷淋层(6)洗涤烟气，水洗喷淋层(6)的流量为100m 3/h，每层喷淋覆盖率150 %。再进 入二级旋流系统(9)，二级旋流系统(9)脱除粉尘与雾滴，烟气最后经高效复合除尘除雾器 (10)达标后的净烟气（11)排入大气，净烟气通过检测得出数据:净烟气出口总尘含量小于 30mg/Nm 3。
Claims (9)
1. 一种催化裂化烟气除尘装置，其特征在于：该装置从下到上依次包括脱硫塔塔釜 (15)、吸收喷淋层(2)、一级旋流系统⑶、二级旋流系统⑶和高效复合除尘除雾器(10)，所 述的一级旋流系统⑶和二级旋流系统(9)之间设有水洗喷淋层(6)，所述的一级旋流系统 (5)和吸收喷淋层(2)之间设有一级旋流系统反冲洗层(3)，所述的水洗喷淋层(6)和二级旋 流系统⑶之间设有二级旋流系统反冲洗层(7)。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化烟气除尘装置，其特征在于:一级旋流系统（5)的上 方设有整流板(14)。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的催化裂化烟气除尘装置，其特征在于：整流板上设有28mm-80mm的圆孔，开孔率30-45 %。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化烟气除尘装置，其特征在于:一级旋流系统（5)和二 级旋流系统(9)中设有旋流器，旋流器内设有1~3层旋流板（16)，旋流器壁上设有孔（19)， 在旋流器的管道(18)顶部还设有气液隔板(20)。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化烟气除尘装置，其特征在于:一级旋流系统（5)中设 有1~3层旋流板（16)，二级旋流系统（9)中设有2~3层旋流板（16)，所述的旋流板为外向 板。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化烟气除尘装置，其特征在于：高效复合除尘除雾器 (10)由折板除雾器和疏松纤维床除尘除雾器组成。
7. -种利用权利要求1所述的装置实现催化裂化烟气除尘的方法，其特征在于:该方法 是饱和烟气先进入脱硫塔吸收喷淋层(2)，脱除S0 2与催化剂粉尘后进入一级旋流系统(5)， 一级旋流系统(5)脱除烟气中粉尘，烟气除尘后通过水洗喷淋层(6)洗涤烟气，再进入二级 旋流系统(9)，二级旋流系统(9)脱除粉尘与雾滴，烟气最后经高效复合除尘除雾器（10)达 标后排入大气。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的催化裂化烟气除尘的方法，其特征在于：吸收喷淋层（2)的吸 收液为固含量为3~8%的亚硫酸镁溶液，吸收喷淋层(2)及水洗喷淋层(6)喷淋覆盖率100 ~200%〇
9. 根据权利要求7所述的催化裂化烟气除尘的方法，其特征在于:二级旋流系统穿孔动 能因子大于一级旋流系统;且二级旋流系统穿孔动能因子控制在15~25,一级旋流系统穿 孔动能因子控制在10~20。
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