CN106511803A - 一种治疗鼻出血的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗鼻出血的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106511803A
CN106511803A CN201611120008.7A CN201611120008A CN106511803A CN 106511803 A CN106511803 A CN 106511803A CN 201611120008 A CN201611120008 A CN 201611120008A CN 106511803 A CN106511803 A CN 106511803A
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冉兆斌
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗鼻出血的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由桑白皮、牛膝、白茅根、仙鹤草、侧柏叶、赭石、生地黄、水牛角、麦冬、藕节、白芍、墨旱莲、地骨皮、夏枯草、白及、黄芩、栀子、玄参、丝瓜络、小蓟、乌梅、菊花、决明子、当归按一定重量配比制备而成,本发明药物具有养阴润肺,凉血止血,清肝散结,补脾和胃,补肝肾的功能,用于治疗鼻出血见效快、疗效好,不复发。

Description

一种治疗鼻出血的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗鼻出血的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
背景技术
鼻出血是由鼻部疾病引起,也可由全身疾病所致。鼻出血多为单侧,少数情况下可出现双侧鼻出血;出血量多少不一,轻者仅为涕中带血,重者可引起失血性休克,反复鼻出血可导致贫血。中医则认为鼻出血与风热犯肺,肝气郁结,脾胃湿热,肝肾阴虚有关。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗鼻出血的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗鼻出血的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗鼻出血的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择桑白皮、牛膝、白茅根、仙鹤草、侧柏叶、赭石、生地黄、水牛角、麦冬、藕节、白芍、墨旱莲、地骨皮、夏枯草、白及、黄芩、栀子、玄参、丝瓜络、小蓟、乌梅、菊花、桑叶、黄柏、竹茹、阿胶、黄芪、荆芥、决明子、当归、地榆、甘遂、大枣进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗鼻出血。其中选用桑白皮是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、脾经,有泻肺平喘,行水消肿的功能,治肺热喘咳,吐血,水肿,脚气,小便不利。选用牛膝是因为其性味甘苦酸,平,入肝、肾经,生用散瘀血,消痈肿,治淋病,尿血,经闭,癥瘕,难产,胞衣不下,产后瘀血腹痛,喉痹,痈肿,跌打损伤,熟用补肝肾,强筋骨,治腰膝骨痛,四肥拘挛,痿痹。选用白茅根是因为其性味甘、寒,入肺、胃、小肠经,有凉血,止血,清热,利尿的功能,治热病烦渴,吐血,衄血,肺热喘急,胃热哕逆,淋病,小便不利,水肿,黄疸。选用仙鹤草是因为其性味苦辛,平,入肺、肝、脾经,有止血,健胃的功能,治咯血,吐血,尿血,便血,赤白痢疾,崩漏带下,劳伤脱力,痈肿,跌打、创伤出血。选用侧柏叶是因为其性味苦涩,寒,入心、肝、大肠经,有凉血,止血,祛风湿,散肿毒的功能,治吐血,衄血,尿血,血痢,肠风,崩漏,风湿痹痛,细菌性痢疾,高血压,咳嗽,丹毒,痄腮,烫伤。选用赭石是因为其性味苦、甘,微寒,归肝、胃、心经,有平肝潜阳,重镇降逆,凉血止血的功能,治头前眩晕,心悸,癫狂,惊痫,呕吐,噫气,咳嗽气喘,吐血,鼻衄,崩漏,便血,尿血。选用生地黄是因为其性味甘,寒,归心、肝、肾经,有清热凉血,养阴,生津的功能,治热病烦渴,阴虚内热,骨蒸劳热,内热消渴,吐血,衄血,发斑发疹。选用水牛角是因为其性味苦咸,寒,有清热、凉血、解毒的功能,治热病头痛,壮热神昏,斑疹,吐衄,小儿惊风,喉痹咽肿。选用麦冬是因为其性味甘微苦,寒,入肺、胃、心经,有养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津的功能,治肺燥干咳,吐血,咯血,肺痿,肺痈,虚劳烦热,清渴,热病津伤,咽干口燥,便秘。选用藕节是因为其性味甘涩,平,入手少阴,足阳明,厥阴经,有止血,散瘀的功能,治咳血,吐血,衄血,尿血,便血,血痢,血崩。选用白芍是因为其性味苦酸,凉,入肝、脾经,有养血柔肝,缓中止痛,敛阴收汗的功能,治胸腹胁肋疼痛,泻痢腹痛,自汗盗汗,阴虚发热,月经不调,崩漏,带下。选用墨旱莲是因为其性味苦酸,凉,入肝、肾经,有凉血,止血,补肾,益阴的功能,治吐血,咳血,衄血,尿血,便血,血痢,刀伤出血,须发早白,白喉,淋浊,滞下,阴部湿痒。选用地骨皮是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、肝、肾经,有清热,凉血的功能,治虚劳潮热盗汗,肺热咳喘,吐血,衄血,血淋,消渴,高血压,痈肿,恶疮。选用夏枯草是因为其性味苦辛,寒,入肝、胆经,有清肝,散结的功能,治瘰疬,瘿瘤,乳痈,乳癌,目珠夜痛,羞明流泪,头目眩晕,口眼歪斜,筋骨疼痛,肺结核,急性黄疸型传染性肝炎,血崩,带下。选用白及是因为其性味苦甘,凉,入肺经,有补肺,止血,消肿,生观,敛疮的功能,治肺伤咳血,衄血,金疮出血,痈疽肿毒,溃疡疼痛,汤火灼伤,手足皲裂。选用黄芩是因为其性味苦寒,入心肺、胆、大肠经,有泻实火,除湿热,止血安胎的功能,治壮热烦渴,肺热咳嗽。选用栀子是因为其性味苦,寒,入心、肝、肺、胃经,有清热,泻火,凉血的功能,治热病虚烦不眠,黄疸,淋病,消渴,目赤,咽痛,吐血,衄血,血痢,尿血,热毒疮疡,扭伤肿痛。选用玄参是因为其性味苦咸,凉,入肺、肾经,有滋阴,降火,除烦,解毒的功能,治热病烦渴,发斑,骨蒸劳热,夜寐不宁,自汗盗汗,津伤便秘,吐血衄血,咽喉肿痛,痈肿,瘰疬。选用丝瓜络是因为其性味甘,平,有通经活络,清热化痰的功能,治胸胁疼痛,腹痛,腰痛,睾丸肿痛,肺热痰咳,妇女经闭,乳汁不通,痈肿,痔漏。选用小蓟是因为其性味辛,温,入脾、胃二经,有温中,下气,消谷,杀虫的功能,治吐泻,心腹胀痛,疔肿毒疮,毒虫蛟伤。选用乌梅是因为其性味酸,温,入肝,脾,肺,大肠经,有收敛生津,安蛔驱虫的功能,治久咳,虚热烦渴,久疟,痢疾,便血,尿血,血崩,蛔厥腹痛,呕吐,钩虫病,牛皮癣,胬肉。选用菊花是因为其性味甘苦,凉,入肺,肝经,有疏风,消热,明目,解毒的功能,治头痛,眩晕,目赤,心胸烦热,疔疮,肿毒。选用桑叶是因为其性味苦甘,寒,入肺、肝经,有祛风清热,凉血明目的功能,治风湿发热,头痛,目赤,口渴,肺热咳嗽,风痹,瘾疹,下肢象皮肿。选用黄柏是因为其性味苦,寒,入肺、胃、肾经,有滋阴降火,润燥滑肠的功能,治烦热消渴,骨蒸劳热,肺热咳嗽,大便燥结,小便不利。选用竹茹是因为其性味甘,凉,入胃、胆经,有清热,凉血,化痰,止吐的功能,治烦热呕吐、呃逆,痰热咳喘,吐血,衄血,崩漏,恶阻,胎动,惊癎。选用阿胶是因为其性味甘平,入肺、肝、肾经,有滋阴补血,安胎的功能,治血虚,虚劳咳嗽,吐血、衄血、便血,妇女月经不调,崩中,治漏。选用黄芪是因为其性味甘,微温,入肺、脾经,生用有益卫固表,利水消肿,托毒,生肌的功能,治自汗,盗汗,血痹,浮肿,痈疽不溃或溃久敛;炙用有补中益的功能,治内伤劳倦,脾虚泄泻,脱肛,气虚血脱,崩带及一切气衰血虚之症。选用荆芥是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、肝经,有发表,祛风,理血的功能,炒炭止血,治感冒发热,头痛,咽喉肿痛,中风口噤,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,产后血晕,痈肿,疮疥,瘰疬。选用决明子是因为其性味苦甘,凉,入肝、肾经,有清肝,明目,利水,通便的功能,治风热赤眼,青盲,雀目,高血压,肝炎,肝硬化腹化,习惯性便秘。选用当归是因为其性味甘辛,温,入心、肝、脾经,有补血和血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠的功能,治月经不调,经闭腹痛,癥瘕结聚,崩漏,血虚头痛,眩晕,痿痹,肠燥难便,赤痢后重,痈疽疮疡,金疮,跌扑损伤。选用地榆是因为其性味苦酸、寒。入肝、大肠经。凉血止血,清热解毒。治吐血,衄血,血痢,崩溃,肠风,痔漏,痈肿,湿疹,金疮,烧伤。选用甘遂是因为其性味苦甘,寒,有毒,入脾、肺、肾经,有泻水饮,破积聚,通二便的功能,治水肿胀满,留饮,结胸,癫癎,噎膈,癥瘕积聚,二便不通。选用大枣是因为其性味甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾和胃,益气生津,调营卫,解药毒的功能,治胃虚食少,脾弱便溏,气血津液不足,营卫不和,心悸怔忡,妇人脏躁。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
桑白皮15-25克,牛膝5-15克,白茅根10-20克,仙鹤草10-15克,侧柏叶5-15克,赭石10-20克,生地黄10-20克,水牛角15-25克,麦冬10-20克,藕节10-15克,白芍10-20克,墨旱莲10-15克,地骨皮10-20克,夏枯草10-15克,白及10-20克,黄芩15-25克,栀子5-15克,玄参10-20克,丝瓜络10-15克,小蓟10-15克,乌梅10-20克,菊花5-15克,桑叶5-15克,黄柏5-15克,竹茹7-12克,阿胶10-20克,黄芪10-20克,荆芥5-15克,决明子5-15克,当归10-20克,地榆10-20克,甘遂5-10克,大枣5-15克。
优选为:
桑白皮20克,牛膝10克,白茅根15克,仙鹤草12克,侧柏叶10克,赭石15克,生地黄15克,水牛角20克,麦冬15克,藕节12克,白芍15克,墨旱莲12克,地骨皮15克,夏枯草12克,白及15克,黄芩20克,栀子10克,玄参15克,丝瓜络12克,小蓟12克,乌梅15克,菊花10克,桑叶10克,黄柏10克,竹茹9克,阿胶15克,黄芪15克,荆芥10克,决明子10克,当归15克,地榆15克,甘遂8克,大枣10克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、桑白皮:刷去灰屑,洗净,润透后切丝,晒干;
2、牛膝:拣去杂质,洗净,润软,去芦,切段,晒干;
3、白茅根:拣净杂质,洗净,微润,切段,晒干,簸净碎屑;
4、仙鹤草:除去杂质残根,洗净,润透,切断,晒干;
5、侧柏叶:拣净杂质,揉碎去梗,筛净灰屑;
6、赭石:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,干燥,打成碎块;
7、生地黄:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,稍润,切厚片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
8、水牛角:劈开,用热水浸泡,捞出,镑片,晒干;
9、麦冬:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后抽去心,再洗净晒干;
10、藕节:取净藕节置锅内炒至外面呈黑色,内部呈老黄色,稍洒清水,取出,干燥;
11、白芍:拣去杂质,分开大小个,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片,干燥;
12、墨旱莲:拣净杂质,除去残根,洗净闷透,切段晒干;
13、地骨皮:拣去杂质及木心,略洗,切段,晒干;
14、夏枯草:取原药材,除去枝梗、叶片及杂质,筛去灰屑;
15、白及:拣去杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,晾至湿度适宜,切片,干燥;
16、黄芩:拣去杂质,除去残茎,用凉水浸润或置开水中稍浸捞出,切片,晒干;
17、栀子:筛去灰屑,拣去杂质,碾碎过筛或剪去两端;
18、玄参:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净润透,切片,晾干;
19、丝瓜络:洗净晒干,切段;
20、小蓟:拣净杂质,去根,水洗润透,切面,晒干;
21、乌梅:拣净杂质,筛去灰屑,洗净,晒干;
22、菊花:拣净叶梗、花柄及泥屑杂质;
23、桑叶:拣去杂质,搓碎,簸去梗,筛去泥屑;
24、黄柏:拣去杂质,用水洗净,捞出,润透,切片或切丝,晒干;
25、竹茹:除去硬竹签、杂质,抖掉灰屑,揉成小团或切段;
26、阿胶:捣碎用;
27、黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大者,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
28、荆芥:拣净杂质,用水略泡,捞出切段,晒干;
29、决明子:取净决明子,置锅内炒至微有香气,取出,放凉;
30、当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾,切片晒干;
31、地榆:拣去杂质,用水洗净,稍浸泡,润透,切成厚片,晒干;
32、甘遂:拣去杂质,用水漂净,捞出,晒干
33、大枣:拣净杂质,晒干。
二、制备
1、将炮制后的桑白皮、牛膝、白茅根、仙鹤草、侧柏叶、赭石、生地黄、水牛角、麦冬、藕节、白芍、墨旱莲、地骨皮、夏枯草、白及、黄芩、栀子、玄参、丝瓜络、小蓟、乌梅、菊花、桑叶、黄柏、竹茹、阿胶、黄芪、荆芥、决明子、当归、地榆、甘遂、大枣放入煎药容器内,第一次加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
2、将过滤的药渣加6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为4剂服用。
组方中麦冬有养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津的功能为君药;墨旱莲凉血,止血,补肾,益阴;夏枯草有清肝,散结的功能,二者为臣药,三味药共同发挥养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津,凉血,止血,清肝,散结,补肾的作用,治疗鼻出血效力全面,且以养阴润肺,凉血止血,清肝散结为主可治本,大枣有补脾和胃,益气生津,调营卫,解药毒的功能为佐药,牛膝有散瘀血,补肝肾的功能为使药,与余下诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有养阴润肺,凉血止血,清肝散结,补脾和胃,补肝肾的功能,用于治疗鼻出血,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治鼻出血门诊患者共29例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为多数鼻出血为单侧,亦可为双侧;可间歇反复出血,亦可呈持续性出血。出血量多少不一,轻者涕中带血、数滴或数毫升,重者可达几十毫升甚至数百毫升以上,导致失血性休克。反复出血可引发贫血等症状。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用1个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:鼻出血症状消失,体质恢复正常,痊愈;
好转:患者涕中带血,鼻腔间歇反复出血和持续出血的现象减轻,鼻出血症状明显好转,体质逐步恢复;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗鼻出血患者29例,结果显效25例,显效率为86.21%,好转3例,好转率为10.34%,无效1例,总有效率为96.55%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗鼻出血的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
桑白皮15-25克,牛膝5-15克,白茅根10-20克,仙鹤草10-15克,侧柏叶5-15克,赭石10-20克,生地黄10-20克,水牛角15-25克,麦冬10-20克,藕节10-15克,白芍10-20克,墨旱莲10-15克,地骨皮10-20克,夏枯草10-15克,白及10-20克,黄芩15-25克,栀子5-15克,玄参10-20克,丝瓜络10-15克,小蓟10-15克,乌梅10-20克,菊花5-15克,桑叶5-15克,黄柏5-15克,竹茹7-12克,阿胶10-20克,黄芪10-20克,荆芥5-15克,决明子5-15克,当归10-20克,地榆10-20克,甘遂5-10克,大枣5-15克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
桑白皮20克,牛膝10克,白茅根15克,仙鹤草12克,侧柏叶10克,赭石15克,生地黄15克,水牛角20克,麦冬15克,藕节12克,白芍15克,墨旱莲12克,地骨皮15克,夏枯草12克,白及15克,黄芩20克,栀子10克,玄参15克,丝瓜络12克,小蓟12克,乌梅15克,菊花10克,桑叶10克,黄柏10克,竹茹9克,阿胶15克,黄芪15克,荆芥10克,决明子10克,当归15克,地榆15克,甘遂8克,大枣10克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)桑白皮:刷去灰屑,洗净,润透后切丝,晒干;
(2)牛膝:拣去杂质,洗净,润软,去芦,切段,晒干;
(3)白茅根:拣净杂质,洗净,微润,切段,晒干,簸净碎屑;
(4)仙鹤草:除去杂质残根,洗净,润透,切断,晒干;
(5)侧柏叶:拣净杂质,揉碎去梗,筛净灰屑;
(6)赭石:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,干燥,打成碎块;
(7)生地黄:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,稍润,切厚片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
(8)水牛角:劈开,用热水浸泡,捞出,镑片,晒干;
(9)麦冬:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后抽去心,再洗净晒干;
(10)藕节:取净藕节置锅内炒至外面呈黑色,内部呈老黄色,稍洒清水,取出,干燥;
(11)白芍:拣去杂质,分开大小个,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片,干燥;
(12)墨旱莲:拣净杂质,除去残根,洗净闷透,切段晒干;
(13)地骨皮:拣去杂质及木心,略洗,切段,晒干;
(14)夏枯草:取原药材,除去枝梗、叶片及杂质,筛去灰屑;
(15)白及:拣去杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,晾至湿度适宜,切片,干燥;
(16)黄芩:拣去杂质,除去残茎,用凉水浸润或置开水中稍浸捞出,切片,晒干;
(17)栀子:筛去灰屑,拣去杂质,碾碎过筛或剪去两端;
(18)玄参:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净润透,切片,晾干;
(19)丝瓜络:洗净晒干,切段;
(20)小蓟:拣净杂质,去根,水洗润透,切面,晒干;
(21)乌梅:拣净杂质,筛去灰屑,洗净,晒干;
(22)菊花:拣净叶梗、花柄及泥屑杂质;
(23)桑叶:拣去杂质,搓碎,簸去梗,筛去泥屑;
(24)黄柏:拣去杂质,用水洗净,捞出,润透,切片或切丝,晒干;
(25)竹茹:除去硬竹签、杂质,抖掉灰屑,揉成小团或切段;
(26)阿胶:捣碎用;
(27)黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大者,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
(28)荆芥:拣净杂质,用水略泡,捞出切段,晒干;
(29)决明子:取净决明子,置锅内炒至微有香气,取出,放凉;
(30)当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾,切片晒干;
(31)地榆:拣去杂质,用水洗净,稍浸泡,润透,切成厚片,晒干;
(32)甘遂:拣去杂质,用水漂净,捞出,晒干
(33)大枣:拣净杂质,晒干;
(二)制备
(1)将炮制后的桑白皮、牛膝、白茅根、仙鹤草、侧柏叶、赭石、生地黄、水牛角、麦冬、藕节、白芍、墨旱莲、地骨皮、夏枯草、白及、黄芩、栀子、玄参、丝瓜络、小蓟、乌梅、菊花、桑叶、黄柏、竹茹、阿胶、黄芪、荆芥、决明子、当归、地榆、甘遂、大枣放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为4剂服用。
CN201611120008.7A 2016-12-08 2016-12-08 一种治疗鼻出血的药物及其制备方法 Withdrawn CN106511803A (zh)

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