CN106499340B - A kind of fluid power pulse generating unit and its operating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic pulse generating device, which mainly consists of a housing, a throttle joint, an elastic joint, a centralizing block, a gasket, a spring, a spring cover, a transmission shaft, a turbine stator, a turbine rotor, a pull rod, a support Disc, support cap, thrust bearing, characterized in that: the throttle nipple is connected to the lower end of the shell through threads, the throttle nipple and the elastic nipple form a hydraulic pulse generating unit, and the centralizing block is installed on the elastic In the T-shaped slot of the pup joint, gaskets are provided in the T-shaped slot of the elastic pup joint, springs are installed on the upper and lower ends of the centralizing block, and the spring cover is used to prevent the spring on the centralizing block from detaching. The surface of the body is provided with a closed chute; the turbine stator and the turbine rotor form a power unit, and the turbine stator and the turbine rotor are pressed and fixed on the casing and the transmission shaft respectively; the tie rod, the support plate, the support cap and the thrust The bearings together form the support unit. The device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and easy adjustment of impact frequency.

Description

A hydraulic pulse generating device and its operating method

technical field

The invention relates to a hydraulic pulse generating device and an operating method thereof, belonging to the technical field of drilling engineering in the oil and gas exploitation industry.

Background technique

The oil and gas resources in the stratum are produced based on certain drilling and production techniques, through the drilling system to form well holes in the stratum, and the system includes surface systems and downhole equipment. Among them, the drill string is one of the most important downhole equipment. It serves not only as a bridge to transmit wellhead power, but also as a barrier to isolate the inner and outer annular drilling fluids. With the continuous exploitation of oil and gas resources, drilling operations are continuously shifted to deep formations, and the number of deep and ultra-deep wells is gradually increasing. According to the distribution characteristics of my country's oil and gas resources, 52% of the natural gas in the two major basins of Sichuan and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia is buried in deep formations, and the proportion of oil resources in the western region reaches 73%. At the same time, my country's oil and gas development is gradually moving towards the deep sea.

Generally, as the depth of the well increases, the strength of the rock increases and the drillability becomes poor, resulting in a lower ROP and easy failure of the drilling tool. Field data show that the average ROP of deep well drilling in the Yuanba area of my country is only 15%-30% of the average ROP of the upper well section, and the ratio is even lower than 8% in some areas. Aiming at the problem of low drilling efficiency in deep formations, the International Association of Drillers and Contractors (IADC) has held several seminars on improving drilling efficiency in deep formations. There are many ways to increase the ROP, such as improving the drill bit, improving the drilling tool assembly, and optimizing the drilling process. However, after years of development, these methods are relatively mature, and the improvement of ROP is also limited.

In recent years, it has been very common to use impact or pulse for drilling to increase the ROP, such as hydraulic impactor for axial impact, air hammer for gas drilling, torsional impactor for torsional impact, and other tools include hydraulic oscillators, etc. tool. Although there are many existing methods for increasing drilling speed, field data show that these technologies cannot be applied universally, and some tools even have a greater impact on the lower drilling tool due to the structural size. Drilling fluid is an essential medium for cooling the drill bit and carrying cuttings during the drilling process. Therefore, how to use this medium to realize its existing functions and increase the ROP at the same time is the difficulty. Since the drilling fluid at the drill bit is directly in contact with the rock, if a tool for generating pressure and flow velocity pulses is set above the drill bit, the mechanical characteristics of the rock can be improved and the damage to the rock unit can be accelerated, thereby further increasing the ROP. The present invention The content is how to design such a device.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic pulse generating device and its operating method in order to overcome the above difficulties, so as to improve the drilling efficiency.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

A hydraulic pulse generating device, mainly composed of a housing, a throttle sub, a spring sub, a centralizing block, a gasket, a spring, a spring cover, a transmission shaft, a turbine stator, a turbine rotor, a tie rod, a support plate, and a support cap , thrust bearing, characterized in that: the throttle sub-joint is connected to the lower end of the housing through threads, the throttle sub-joint and the elastic sub-joint form a hydraulic pulse generating unit, and the centralizing block is installed on the T of the elastic sub-joint In the T-shaped groove of the elastic pup joint, there is a spacer in the T-shaped groove, springs are installed on the upper and lower ends of the centralizing block, and the spring cover is used to prevent the spring on the centralizing block from detaching. A closed chute; the turbine stator and the turbine rotor form a power unit, and the turbine stator and the turbine rotor are pressed and fixed on the housing and the drive shaft respectively; the tie rods, support discs, support caps and thrust bearings together form a support unit.

The hydraulic pulse generator described above is characterized in that the lower end of the throttle nipple is provided with holes for installation and disassembly along the circumference, and the upper end is provided with a horn-shaped conical surface; the upper and lower ends of the elastic nipple The ends are conical and cylindrical respectively. There is a driving ball head on the inner wall of the cylinder body at the upper end of the elastic short joint, and a T-shaped groove is arranged on the opposite side of the driving ball head; There are small holes distributed in the radial direction to prevent the elastic short joint from forming pressure during periodic motion; the outer side of the cylinder at the upper end of the elastic short joint is provided with three wings along the circumferential direction, and the end of each wing is embedded in the shell In the groove of the body, the rotation of the elastic short joint is limited; the centralizing block is T-shaped, and the centralizing ball is provided on the centralizing block; the driving ball on the elastic short joint and the centralizing ball on the centralizing block are both Embed in the chute at the lower end of the transmission shaft.

The hydraulic pulse generating device is characterized in that the bottom end of the T-shaped groove of the elastic short joint, the upper and lower ends of the centralizing block, and the lower end of the spring cover are all provided with blind holes for placing springs; The material of the gasket is red copper so as to reduce the friction with the centralizing block.

The inner wall of the housing is provided with an axial groove for placing the wings of the elastic nipple, the inner wall of the housing is also provided with steps for placing the turbine stator, and the upper end of the inner wall of the housing is provided with threads for connecting the support plate; the transmission There is a step outside the shaft for placing the turbine rotor.

The operating method of a hydraulic pulse generating device is characterized in that the turbine stator is pressed and fixed on the housing by a support plate, the turbine rotor is pressed and fixed on the transmission shaft by a pull rod, and the support cap is threaded and fixed to the pull rod connection, the thrust bearing is set between the support cap and the support plate to bear the weight and fluid pressure of the internal parts of the hydraulic pulse generator; the drilling fluid flows in from the upper end of the hydraulic pulse generator, and drives the turbine rotor to drive The transmission shaft rotates, and the rotation of the transmission shaft makes the chute at the lower end rotate synchronously; the driving ball head on the elastic short joint is located in the chute, and the elastic short joint cannot rotate because its wings are embedded in the groove of the shell , so the rotation of the chute will make the elastic nipple reciprocate in the axial direction; the centralizing block can slide up and down along the T-shaped slot of the elastic nipple, and its function is to assist the driving action of the elastic nipple while avoiding the spring when the centralizing block slides up or down along the T-shaped slot driven by the chute, the spring at the upper or lower end of the centralizing block is further compressed, and the spring cover is fixed on the elastic short by screws. Driven by the rotating chute, the cone at the lower end of the elastic nipple periodically fits with the horn-shaped conical surface of the throttling nipple. When the top of the spring nipple is at the bottom of the chute, the cone at the lower end of the spring nipple is far away from the horn-shaped cone of the throttle nipple. The trumpet-shaped conical surface of the flow sub-joint fits together, and the distance between the cone and the trumpet-shaped conical surface changes continuously during the axial movement of the elastic sub-joint.

The operating method of a hydraulic pulse generating device is characterized in that the axial movement of the cone at the lower end of the elastic sub-joint changes the flow area where the drilling fluid flows through the trumpet-shaped conical surface of the throttle sub-joint, The flow rate and pressure of the drilling fluid fluctuate. When the hydraulic pulse generator is directly connected to the drill bit, the drilling fluid under the fluctuation of the flow rate and pressure can improve the rock-breaking efficiency; The fit frequency of the trumpet-shaped conical surface of the flow nipple is determined by the speed of the turbine rotor, so the frequency of the hydraulic pulse can be adjusted by changing the turbine structure; when the centralizing block is installed, it is first installed in the T-shaped slot Fit the centering ball head of the centering block with the chute at the lower end of the drive shaft, then insert the gasket into the T-shaped slot of the spring nipple, and install the spring and the spring cover at the upper end of the centering block.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The hydraulic pulse generated by the device of the present invention can be used to increase the rock-breaking speed; (2) The device of the present invention can adjust the hydraulic pressure according to the drill bit type and formation characteristics The frequency of the pulse; (3) the device of the present invention is simple in structure and easy to operate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic pulse generating device of the present invention when the driving ball head in the elastic short joint is located at the top of the chute at the lower end of the transmission shaft;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic pulse generating device of the present invention when the driving ball in the elastic short joint is located at the bottom of the chute at the lower end of the transmission shaft;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the A-A section in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the sectional view of B-B section among Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the C-C section among Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of D-D section among Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the elastic short joint area in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a spring-shaped short joint of a hydraulic pulse generating device of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a top view of Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the righting block

Fig. 11 is a partially enlarged view of the portion with a chute in the transmission shaft of a hydraulic pulse generating device of the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Shell, 2. Choke sub, 3. Elastic sub, 4. Centralizing block, 5. Gasket, 6. Spring, 7. Spring cover, 8. Transmission shaft, 9. Turbine stator , 10. Turbine rotor, 11. Pull rod, 12. Support plate, 13. Support cap, 14. Thrust bearing.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 11, a hydraulic pulse generating device is mainly composed of a housing 1, a throttle nipple 2, an elastic nipple 3, a centralizing block 4, a gasket 5, a spring 6, a spring cover 7, and a transmission Shaft 8, turbine stator 9, turbine rotor 10, pull rod 11, support plate 12, support cap 13, thrust bearing 14, characterized in that: the throttle joint 2 is connected to the lower end of the housing 1 through threads, and the throttle The short joint 2 and the elastic short joint 3 form a hydraulic pulse generating unit. The centralizing block 4 is installed in the T-shaped slot of the elastic short joint 3. The T-shaped slot of the elastic short joint 3 is provided with a gasket 5 and a centralizing block. The upper and lower ends of 4 are equipped with springs 6, the spring cover 7 is used to prevent the spring 6 on the centering block 4 from breaking away, and the cylinder surface at the lower end of the drive shaft 8 is provided with a closed chute; the turbine stator 9 and the turbine rotor 10 constitutes a power unit, and the turbine stator 9 and the turbine rotor 10 are pressed and fixed on the housing 1 and the transmission shaft 8 respectively; the tie rod 11, the support disc 12, the support cap 13 and the thrust bearing 14 together form a support unit.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the hydraulic pulse generating device is characterized in that the lower end of the throttle nipple 2 is provided with a hole for installation and disassembly along the circumferential direction, and the upper end is provided with a horn-shaped conical surface .

As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the upper and lower ends of the elastic short joint 3 are conical and cylindrical respectively, and the inner wall of the upper end cylinder of the elastic short joint 3 is provided with a driving ball head, and the driving ball There is a T-shaped groove on the opposite side of the head; radially distributed small holes are arranged on the cone at the lower end of the elastic short joint 3 to prevent the elastic short joint 3 from forming pressure during periodic motion; the elastic short joint 3. Three wings are arranged on the outer side of the cylinder at the upper end along the circumferential direction, and the end of each wing is embedded in the groove of the casing 1 to limit the rotation of the elastic short joint 3; the centralizing block 4 is T-shaped, and the centralizing block 4 There is a righting ball head on it; the driving ball head on the elastic short joint 3 and the righting ball head on the righting block 4 are embedded in the chute at the lower end of the transmission shaft 8 .

As shown in Figure 7, the hydraulic pulse generating device is characterized in that the bottom end of the T-shaped groove of the elastic short joint 3, the upper and lower ends of the righting block 4, and the lower end of the spring cover 7 are all set There is a blind hole for placing the spring 6; the material of the gasket 5 is copper so as to reduce the friction with the centralizing block 4.

The inner wall of the housing 1 is provided with an axial groove for placing the wings of the elastic nipple 3, the inner wall of the housing 1 is also provided with steps for placing the turbine stator 9, and the upper end of the inner wall of the housing 1 is provided with threads for connecting and supporting Disk 12 ; a step is provided on the outside of the transmission shaft 8 for placing the turbine rotor 10 .

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the operation method of a hydraulic pulse generating device is characterized in that the turbine stator 9 is pressed and fixed on the casing 1 by the support plate 12, and the turbine rotor 10 is fixed by the tie rod 11 Compression is fixed on the transmission shaft 8, the support cap 13 is connected with the pull rod 11 by threads, and the thrust bearing 14 is arranged between the support cap 13 and the support plate 12 to bear the weight of the internal parts of the hydraulic pulse generating device and the fluid. pressure; drilling fluid flows in from the upper end of the hydraulic pulse generating device, and drives the turbine rotor 10 to drive the transmission shaft 8 to rotate, and the rotation of the transmission shaft 8 makes the chute at the lower end rotate synchronously; the drive on the elastic nipple 3 The ball head is located in the chute, and the elastic short joint 3 cannot rotate because its wings are embedded in the groove of the shell 1, so the rotation of the chute will make the elastic short joint 3 reciprocate in the axial direction; the centralizing block 4 It can slide up and down along the T-shaped slot of the elastic short joint 3. Its function is to assist the driving action of the elastic short joint 3 and prevent the elastic short joint 3 from tilting; when the centralizing block 4 is driven by the chute When the T-shaped slot slides upward or downward, the spring 6 at the upper or lower end of the centralizing block 4 is further compressed, and the spring cover 7 is fixed on the top of the elastic nipple 3 by screws; driven by the rotating chute, the The cone at the lower end of the elastic joint 3 is periodically attached to the horn-shaped cone of the throttle joint 2. When the driving ball head of the elastic joint 3 is at the top of the chute, the lower end of the elastic joint 3 The cone is far away from the horn-shaped conical surface of the throttle nipple 2. When the driving ball head of the spring nipple 3 is located at the bottom of the chute, the cone at the lower end of the spring nipple 3 and the horn-shaped cone of the throttle nipple 2 The tapered surfaces fit together, and the distance between the cone and the trumpet-shaped tapered surface changes continuously during the axial movement of the elastic short joint 3 .

The operating method of a hydraulic pulse generating device is characterized in that the axial movement of the cone at the lower end of the elastic sub-joint 3 changes the flow of drilling fluid flowing through the trumpet-shaped conical surface of the throttle sub-joint 2 area, so that the flow velocity and pressure of the drilling fluid fluctuate. When the hydraulic pulse generator is directly connected to the drill bit, the drilling fluid under the fluctuation of flow velocity and pressure can improve the rock-breaking efficiency; The bonding frequency of the body and the trumpet-shaped conical surface of the throttling joint 2 is determined by the speed of the turbine rotor, so the frequency of the hydraulic pulse can be adjusted by changing the turbine structure; when the centralizing block 4 is installed, it should be installed first Fit the centering ball head of the centering block 4 in the T-shaped slot with the chute at the lower end of the transmission shaft 8, then insert the gasket 5 into the T-shaped slot of the spring joint 3, and install the centering block 4 at the upper end. Spring 6 and spring cover 7.

The specific embodiments described above are used to illustrate the present invention rather than limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention belong to the protection of the present invention. scope.

Claims (3)

1. A hydraulic pulse generating device, mainly composed of a shell (1), a throttle nipple (2), an elastic nipple (3), a righting block (4), a gasket (5), and a spring (6) , spring cover (7), transmission shaft (8), turbine stator (9), turbine rotor (10), tie rod (11), support plate (12), support cap (13), thrust bearing (14), It is characterized in that: the throttle nipple (2) is connected to the lower end of the casing (1) through threads, the throttle nipple (2) and the elastic nipple (3) form a hydraulic pulse generating unit, and the centralizing block (4 ) is installed in the T-shaped slot of the elastic pup joint (3), the gasket (5) is installed in the T-shaped slot of the elastic pup joint (3), and springs ( 6), the spring cover (7) is used to prevent the spring (6) on the centering block (4) from breaking away, and the cylinder surface at the lower end of the drive shaft (8) is provided with a closed chute; the turbine stator (9) is connected with The turbine rotor (10) forms a power unit, and the turbine stator (9) and the turbine rotor (10) are pressed and fixed on the casing (1) and the drive shaft (8) respectively; the tie rod (11), the support plate (12) , the support cap (13) and the thrust bearing (14) together form a support unit; the lower end of the throttle nipple (2) is provided with a hole for installation and disassembly along the circumference, and its upper end is provided with a horn-shaped conical surface; The upper end of the elastic short joint (3) is cylindrical, and the lower end is conical. The inner wall of the upper end of the elastic joint (3) is provided with a driving ball head, and the opposite side of the driving ball head is provided with a T-shaped groove. ; The cone at the lower end of the elastic short joint (3) is provided with radially distributed small holes to prevent the elastic short joint (3) from forming pressure during periodic motion; the upper end of the elastic short joint (3) The outer side of the cylinder is provided with three wings along the circumferential direction, and the end of each wing is embedded in the groove of the shell (1) to limit the rotation of the elastic joint (3); the centralizing block (4) is T-shaped , the centering block (4) is provided with a centering ball head; the drive ball head on the elastic joint (3) and the centering ball head on the centering block (4) are both embedded in the chute at the lower end of the transmission shaft (8) ; The bottom end of the T-shaped slot of the elastic short joint (3), the upper and lower ends of the centralizing block (4), and the lower end of the spring cover (7) are all provided with blind holes for placing the spring (6); The material of the gasket (5) is red copper so as to reduce the friction with the righting block (4). 2. The operating method of a hydraulic pulse generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine stator (9) is pressed and fixed on the housing (1) by a support plate (12), and the turbine rotor ( 10) The pull rod (11) is pressed and fixed on the transmission shaft (8), the support cap (13) is connected with the pull rod (11) through threads, and the thrust bearing (14) is arranged on the support cap (13) and the support plate (12 ) are used to bear the weight and fluid pressure of the internal parts of the hydraulic pulse generating device; the drilling fluid flows in from the upper end of the hydraulic pulse generating device, and drives the turbine rotor (10) to drive the transmission shaft (8) to rotate, and the transmission The rotation of the shaft (8) makes the chute at the lower end rotate synchronously; the driving ball head on the elastic short joint (3) is located in the chute, and the elastic short joint (3) is inserted into the housing (1 ) in the groove and cannot rotate, so the rotation of the chute will make the elastic nipple (3) reciprocate in the axial direction; the centralizing block (4) can slide up and down along the T-shaped groove of the elastic nipple (3) , its function is to assist the driving action of the elastic short joint (3), and at the same time prevent the elastic short joint (3) from tilting; when the centralizing block (4) is driven by the chute up or down When sliding, the spring (6) at the upper or lower end of the centralizing block (4) is further compressed, and the spring cover (7) is fixed on the top of the spring joint (3) by screws; driven by the rotating chute, the The cone at the lower end of the spring joint (3) is periodically attached to the horn-shaped cone surface of the throttle joint (2). When the driving ball head of the spring joint (3) is at the top of the chute, The cone at the lower end of the spring nipple (3) is far away from the trumpet-shaped cone of the throttle nipple (2). When the driving ball head of the spring nipple (3) is at the bottom of the chute, the spring nipple ( 3) The cone at the lower end fits with the horn-shaped conical surface of the throttling nipple (2), and the distance between the cone and the horn-shaped conical surface is constant during the axial movement of the elastic nipple (3). Variety. 3. The operating method of a hydraulic pulse generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial movement of the cone at the lower end of the elastic sub (3) changes the flow of drilling fluid through the throttle sub (2) The flow area at the trumpet-shaped conical surface of ) causes the flow velocity and pressure of the drilling fluid to fluctuate. When the hydraulic pulse generating device is directly connected to the drill bit, the drilling fluid under the flow velocity and pressure fluctuations can improve the rock-breaking efficiency ; The bonding frequency of the cone at the lower end of the elastic sub (3) and the horn-shaped conical surface of the throttle sub (2) is determined by the speed of the turbine rotor, so the frequency of the hydraulic pulse can be adjusted by changing the turbine structure; When the said centralizing block (4) is being installed, first it is installed in the T-shaped slot and the centralizing ball head of the centralizing block (4) is attached to the chute at the lower end of the drive shaft (8), and then the gasket ( 5) Insert it into the T-shaped slot of the spring joint (3), and install the spring (6) and spring cover (7) on the upper end of the centralizing block (4).