CN106489894A - Orchard pesticide applying machine and pesticide applying method - Google Patents
Orchard pesticide applying machine and pesticide applying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106489894A CN106489894A CN201611081690.3A CN201611081690A CN106489894A CN 106489894 A CN106489894 A CN 106489894A CN 201611081690 A CN201611081690 A CN 201611081690A CN 106489894 A CN106489894 A CN 106489894A
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- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 void Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
- A01M7/0042—Field sprayers, e.g. self-propelled, drawn or tractor-mounted
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
- A01M7/0035—Pressure sprayers mounted on a frame and guided by hand; Spray barrow
- A01M7/0039—Pressure sprayers mounted on a frame and guided by hand; Spray barrow motor-driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/005—Special arrangements or adaptations of the spraying or distributing parts, e.g. adaptations or mounting of the spray booms, mounting of the nozzles, protection shields
- A01M7/006—Mounting of the nozzles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种果园施药机械，包括动力总成、车架以及设置在车架上的药液混匀箱，车架的前端或后端还设置有与药液混匀箱通过药液泵相连的仿形喷头，仿形喷头包括：支撑架，支撑架包括竖直设置的纵向支撑杆；流量大小可调且沿纵向支撑杆高度方向布置的药液喷射管，其包括顶部药液喷射管、中部药液喷射管以及底部药液喷射管；设置在纵向支撑杆上，且风量大小可调的施药风扇，施药风扇包括顶部施药风扇、中部施药风扇以及底部施药风扇。该果园施药机械可有效保证施药的均匀性，避免药液漂移。本发明还公开了一种采用上述果园施药机械的施药方法。
The invention relates to an orchard pesticide application machine, which includes a power assembly, a vehicle frame, and a liquid medicine mixing box arranged on the vehicle frame. The connected profiling spray head, the profiling spray head includes: a support frame, the support frame includes a vertically arranged longitudinal support rod; the liquid medicine injection pipe with adjustable flow rate and arranged along the height direction of the longitudinal support rod, which includes the top liquid medicine injection pipe , a central medicinal liquid injection pipe and a bottom medicinal liquid ejection pipe; a medicinal application fan arranged on a longitudinal support bar with an adjustable air volume, the medicinal application fan includes a top medicinal application fan, a middle medicinal application fan and a bottom medicinal application fan. The orchard spraying machine can effectively ensure the uniformity of spraying and avoid the drift of liquid medicine. The invention also discloses a pesticide application method using the above-mentioned orchard pesticide application machine.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及果园施药技术领域，尤其是涉及一种果园施药机械及施药方法。The invention relates to the technical field of orchard pesticide application, in particular to an orchard pesticide application machine and a pesticide application method.
背景技术Background technique
目前果园施药的方式是人工电动喷雾器进行施药，人工电动喷雾器通常包括药液箱、施药管路、增压泵以及喷药杆，在施药过程中需要果农手持并晃动喷药杆，以便使药液均匀施洒在整颗果树上。At present, the method of spraying pesticides in orchards is to apply artificial electric sprayers. Artificial electric sprayers usually include chemical liquid tanks, spraying pipelines, booster pumps, and spraying rods. During the spraying process, fruit farmers need to hold and shake the spraying rods. In order to make the liquid evenly spread on the whole fruit tree.
然而，果树树冠由下到上大小并不一致，通常情况下，果树树冠的中部幅宽最大，而底部和顶部的幅宽相对而言较小，因此果树树冠的中部空气阻力最大，底部和顶部的空气阻力相对较小，为此，施药人员需要频繁的调整电动喷雾器的输出压力，以保证内部的枝叶能够被均匀施药。However, the size of the fruit tree crown is not consistent from bottom to top. Usually, the width of the middle part of the fruit tree crown is the largest, while the width of the bottom and top is relatively small. Therefore, the air resistance of the middle part of the fruit tree crown is the largest. The air resistance is relatively small. For this reason, sprayers need to frequently adjust the output pressure of the electric sprayer to ensure that the internal branches and leaves can be sprayed evenly.
由于喷药杆需要频繁改变喷射位置，即使经常调整喷射压力，还是无法很好匹配相应位置的枝叶阻力，这不仅使得喷药效率较低，而且还会造成树冠层内部施药不够均匀，易出现药液漂移以及施药量与树冠层的需求量不匹配的问题，施药不均匀容易对果树产生不良影响，而药液的漂移容易对果农的身体健康造成危害。Since the spraying rod needs to change the spraying position frequently, even if the spraying pressure is often adjusted, it still cannot match the resistance of the branches and leaves at the corresponding position. Drift of the medicine solution and the mismatch between the application amount and the demand of the tree canopy. Uneven application of the medicine is likely to have a negative impact on the fruit trees, and the drift of the medicine solution is likely to cause harm to the health of the fruit growers.
因此，如何能够对果树树冠进行均匀施药，并避免药液漂移是目前本领域亟需解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to evenly apply the medicine to the crown of the fruit tree and avoid the drift of the medicine liquid is a technical problem urgently needed to be solved in this field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一是提供一种果园施药机械，以便能够对果树树冠进行均匀施药，保证果树的除病虫害需求，同时避免药液漂移以便避免对施药人员身体造成危害。One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an orchard pesticide applicator, so that it can uniformly spray pesticides on the fruit tree crowns, ensure the needs of the fruit trees for eliminating diseases and insect pests, and avoid the drift of the pesticide solution so as to avoid harm to the body of the pesticide applicators.
本发明的另一目的还在于提供一种采用上述果园施药机械进行施药的施药方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a pesticide application method using the above-mentioned orchard pesticide application machine.
为达到上述目的，本发明所提供的果园机械，包括动力总成、车架以及设置在所述车架上的药液混匀箱，所述车架的前端或后端还设置有与所述药液混匀箱通过药液泵相连的仿形喷头，所述仿形喷头包括：In order to achieve the above object, the orchard machine provided by the present invention includes a power assembly, a vehicle frame and a liquid medicine mixing box arranged on the vehicle frame, and the front or rear end of the vehicle frame is also provided with a The liquid medicine mixing box is connected to the profiling nozzle through the liquid medicine pump, and the profiling nozzle includes:
支撑架，所述支撑架包括竖直设置的纵向支撑杆；A support frame, the support frame comprising a vertically arranged longitudinal support bar;
流量大小可调且沿所述纵向支撑杆高度方向布置的药液喷射管，所述药液喷射管包括用于对果树树冠的上部施药的顶部药液喷射管，用于对果树树冠的中部施药的中部药液喷射管，以及用于对果树树冠的底部施药的底部药液喷射管；A liquid medicine injection pipe with an adjustable flow rate and arranged along the height direction of the longitudinal support bar, the liquid medicine spray pipe includes a top liquid medicine spray pipe for spraying the upper part of the crown of the fruit tree, and for spraying the middle part of the crown of the fruit tree The central liquid spray pipe for spraying, and the bottom liquid spray pipe for spraying the bottom of the crown of the fruit tree;
设置在所述纵向支撑杆上，且风量大小可调的施药风扇，所述施药风扇包括吹送所述顶部药液喷射管所喷出的药液的顶部施药风扇，吹送所述中部药液喷射管所喷出的药液的中部施药风扇，以及吹送所述底部药液喷射管所喷出的药液的底部施药风扇。A spraying fan that is arranged on the longitudinal support bar and has an adjustable air volume, the spraying fan includes a top spraying fan that blows the liquid medicine sprayed from the top liquid spray pipe, and blows the medicine in the middle The central spraying fan for the liquid medicine ejected from the liquid spraying pipe, and the bottom spraying fan for blowing the liquid medicine sprayed from the bottom liquid spraying pipe.
优选的，所述顶部施药风扇通过顶部支架安装在所述纵向支撑杆上，所述顶部支架包括与所述纵向支撑杆垂直的顶部横梁，和与所述顶部横梁呈钝角并朝下倾斜的顶部倾斜梁，所述顶部施药风扇安装在所述顶部倾斜梁端部；Preferably, the top spraying fan is installed on the longitudinal support bar through a top bracket, and the top support includes a top beam perpendicular to the longitudinal support bar, and an obtuse angle with the top beam and inclined downward. A top inclined beam, the top spraying fan is installed at the end of the top inclined beam;
所述中部施药风扇通过中部支架安装在所述纵向支撑杆上，所述中部支架为与所述纵向支撑杆垂直的中部横梁，所述中部施药风扇安装在所述中部横梁端部；The central spraying fan is installed on the longitudinal support bar through the middle bracket, the middle support is a middle beam perpendicular to the longitudinal support bar, and the middle spraying fan is installed at the end of the middle beam;
所述底部施药风扇通过底部支架安装在所述纵向支撑杆上，所述底部支架包括与所述纵向支撑杆垂直的底部横梁，和与所述底部横梁成钝角并朝上倾斜的底部倾斜梁，所述底部施药风扇安装在所述底部倾斜梁端部。The bottom spraying fan is installed on the longitudinal support bar through the bottom bracket, and the bottom support includes a bottom beam perpendicular to the longitudinal support bar, and a bottom inclined beam that forms an obtuse angle with the bottom beam and slopes upward , the bottom spraying fan is installed at the end of the bottom inclined beam.
优选的，所述顶部倾斜梁可转动连接在所述顶部横梁上，且所述顶部倾斜梁与所述顶部横梁之间还设置有用于调节所述顶部倾斜梁倾斜角度的顶部角度调节装置；Preferably, the top inclined beam is rotatably connected to the top cross beam, and a top angle adjustment device for adjusting the inclination angle of the top inclined beam is also provided between the top inclined beam and the top cross beam;
所述中部施药风扇可转动地安装在所述中部横梁上，且所述中部横梁上还设置有调节所述中部风扇角度的中部角度调节装置；The middle spraying fan is rotatably mounted on the middle beam, and the middle beam is also provided with a middle angle adjusting device for adjusting the angle of the middle fan;
所述底部倾斜梁可转动连接在所述底部横梁上，且所述底部倾斜梁与所述底部横梁之间还设置有用于调节所述底部倾斜梁倾斜角度的底部角度调节装置。The bottom inclined beam is rotatably connected to the bottom cross beam, and a bottom angle adjusting device for adjusting the inclination angle of the bottom inclined beam is also provided between the bottom inclined beam and the bottom cross beam.
优选的，所述顶部角度调节装置、中部角度调节装置以及所述底部角度调节装置均为伸缩杆。Preferably, the top angle adjusting device, the middle angle adjusting device and the bottom angle adjusting device are telescopic rods.
优选的，所述顶部倾斜梁与所述顶部横梁之间还设置有防止所述顶部倾斜梁过度旋转的顶部限位装置；所述中部横梁上还设置有防止所述中部施药风扇过度旋转的中部限位装置；所述底部倾斜梁与所述底部横梁之间还设置有防止所述底部倾斜梁过度旋转的底部限位装置。Preferably, a top limit device to prevent excessive rotation of the top inclined beam is also provided between the top inclined beam and the top cross beam; A middle limiting device; a bottom limiting device is also provided between the bottom inclined beam and the bottom cross beam to prevent the bottom inclined beam from over-rotating.
优选的，所述顶部限位装置、中部限位装置以及所述底部限位装置均为限位链。Preferably, the top limiting device, the middle limiting device and the bottom limiting device are all limiting chains.
优选的，所述顶部药液喷射管固定设置在所述顶部支架上，所述中部药液喷射管固定设置在所述中部支架上，所述底部药液喷射管固定设置在所述底部支架上，并且所述顶部支架、中部支架以及所述底部支架在所述纵向支撑杆的高度方向上的位置均可调。Preferably, the top liquid medicine injection tube is fixedly arranged on the top bracket, the middle medicine liquid injection pipe is fixedly arranged on the middle bracket, and the bottom liquid medicine injection pipe is fixedly arranged on the bottom bracket , and the positions of the top bracket, the middle bracket and the bottom bracket in the height direction of the longitudinal support bar are all adjustable.
优选的，所述支撑架上设置有两根所述纵向支撑杆，且两根所述纵向支撑杆上对称设置有所述顶部药液喷射管、中部药液喷射管以及所述底部药液喷射管，和所述顶部施药风扇、中部施药风扇以及所述底部施药风扇。Preferably, two longitudinal support rods are arranged on the support frame, and the top medicinal liquid injection pipe, the middle medicinal liquid ejection pipe and the bottom medicinal liquid injection pipe are symmetrically arranged on the two longitudinal support rods. tube, and the top application fan, the middle application fan, and the bottom application fan.
优选的，所述药液混匀箱的右侧设置有农药瓶安放区和净水箱安放区，与所述药液混匀箱内部相通的主管分支形成用于与农药瓶连通的取药管，和用于与所述净水箱连通的清洗管，且所述取药管和所述清洗管上均设置有管路开关阀。Preferably, the right side of the liquid medicine mixing box is provided with a pesticide bottle placement area and a clean water tank placement area, and the main branch communicating with the inside of the liquid medicine mixing box forms a medicine taking pipe for communicating with the pesticide bottle , and a cleaning pipe for communicating with the clean water tank, and a pipeline switch valve is arranged on the medicine taking pipe and the cleaning pipe.
本发明中所公开的施药方法，用于果园施药过程中，该施药方法采用上述任意一项中所公开的果园施药机械，根据施药时果树树冠的顶部、中部和底部的药液需求量调整所述顶部药液喷射管、中部药液喷射管以及所述底部药液喷射管的流量大小；根据施药时果树树冠的顶部、中部和底部的风阻大小调整所述顶部施药风扇、中部施药风扇以及所述底部施药风扇的风量大小。The pesticide application method disclosed in the present invention is used in the orchard pesticide application process. The pesticide application method adopts the orchard pesticide application machine disclosed in any one of the above-mentioned ones, according to the top, middle and bottom of the fruit tree crown during the pesticide application. Adjust the flow size of the top liquid spray pipe, the middle liquid spray pipe and the bottom liquid spray pipe according to the liquid demand; adjust the top spray according to the wind resistance of the top, middle and bottom of the fruit tree canopy during spraying The air volume of the fan, the middle spraying fan and the bottom spraying fan.
由以上技术方案可以看出，本发明中所公开的果园施药机械中，与药液混匀箱相连的为仿形喷头，仿形喷头的纵向支撑杆上设置有流量大小可调的三个药液喷射管，这三个药液喷射管分别对应果树树冠的上部、中部和底部，并且纵向支撑杆上还设置有风量大小可调的三个施药风扇，三个施药风扇分别将三个药液喷射管所喷出的药液吹送至树冠的相应位置，以便完成施药。It can be seen from the above technical solutions that in the orchard pesticide application machine disclosed in the present invention, the profiling nozzle is connected to the liquid medicine mixing box, and the longitudinal support rod of the profiling nozzle is provided with three adjustable flow rates. Liquid medicine injection pipe, these three liquid medicine injection pipes correspond to the upper part, the middle part and the bottom of the crown of the fruit tree respectively, and three spraying fans with adjustable air volume are also arranged on the longitudinal support bar, and the three spraying fans respectively control the three spraying fans. The medicinal liquid sprayed by the first medicinal liquid injection pipe is blown to the corresponding position of the tree crown so as to complete the spraying.
药液喷射管和施药风扇分别对应果树树冠的上部、中部和下部，因此仿形喷头实现了对果树树冠的仿形对应，在施药过程中，无需上下移动仿形喷头就可以完成对整个果树的施药，在动力总成的带动下，果园施药机械可以进行前后移动，这可以一次实现与施药机械行进方向平行的整行果树的施药，大大提高了施药效率；另外，流量大小以及风扇的风量大小均可以调节，因此可以根据施药时果树的药液需求量以及果树相应位置的风阻来对仿形喷头进行调整，从而达到均匀施药并避免药液漂移的目的。The liquid injection pipe and the spraying fan correspond to the upper, middle and lower parts of the fruit tree crown respectively, so the profiling nozzle realizes the profiling corresponding to the fruit tree crown. For the spraying of fruit trees, driven by the powertrain, the orchard spraying machinery can move back and forth, which can realize the spraying of the entire row of fruit trees parallel to the direction of the spraying machine at one time, greatly improving the spraying efficiency; in addition, The flow rate and the air volume of the fan can be adjusted, so the profiling nozzle can be adjusted according to the liquid demand of the fruit tree and the wind resistance of the corresponding position of the fruit tree during spraying, so as to achieve uniform spraying and avoid liquid drift.
本发明所公开的施药方法，采用了上述果园施药机械，并且根据施药时果树树冠的顶部、中部和底部的药液需求量调整顶部药液喷射管、中部药液喷射管以及底部药液喷射管的流量大小；根据施药时果树树冠的顶部、中部和底部的风阻大小调整顶部施药风扇、中部施药风扇以及底部施药风扇的风量大小，这可时施药量以及风扇风力与施药时果树的药液需求量和风阻相匹配，从而有效保证施药的均匀性，避免药液漂移。The pesticide application method disclosed in the present invention adopts the above-mentioned orchard pesticide application machine, and adjusts the top medicinal liquid injection pipe, the middle medicinal liquid injection pipe and the bottom medicinal liquid spraying pipe according to the medicinal liquid demand of the top, middle and bottom of the fruit tree crown during the spraying. The size of the flow rate of the liquid injection pipe; according to the wind resistance of the top, middle and bottom of the fruit tree canopy when spraying, adjust the air volume of the top spraying fan, the middle spraying fan and the bottom spraying fan, which can be used for spraying and fan wind. It matches the liquid demand and wind resistance of fruit trees during spraying, so as to effectively ensure the uniformity of spraying and avoid liquid drift.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中所公开的果园施药机械的前端结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front-end structure of an orchard pesticide application machine disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为图1中中部施药风扇的安装结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the central spraying fan in Fig. 1;
图3为本发明实施例中所公开的果园施药机械的侧面结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a side structural schematic diagram of the orchard pesticide application machine disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中所公开的果园施药机械的俯视结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the orchard pesticide application machine disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
其中，1为果树，2为底部施药风扇，3为底部角度调节装置，4为底部药液喷射管，5为底部限位装置，6为底部横梁，7为纵向支撑杆，8为药液泵，9为支撑架，10为中部限位装置，11为中部角度调节装置，12为车架，13为药液混匀箱，14为药液搅拌装置，15为净水箱安放区，16为农药瓶安放区，17为排污阀，18为农药瓶，19为药阀，20为净水阀，21为主管，22为清洗管，23为净水箱出水口，24为净水箱注水口，25为搅拌驱动电机。Among them, 1 is the fruit tree, 2 is the spraying fan at the bottom, 3 is the bottom angle adjustment device, 4 is the bottom liquid spray pipe, 5 is the bottom limit device, 6 is the bottom beam, 7 is the longitudinal support rod, and 8 is the liquid medicine Pump, 9 is a support frame, 10 is a middle limit device, 11 is a middle angle adjustment device, 12 is a vehicle frame, 13 is a liquid medicine mixing box, 14 is a liquid medicine stirring device, 15 is a clean water tank placement area, 16 17 is the sewage valve, 18 is the pesticide bottle, 19 is the medicine valve, 20 is the water purification valve, 21 is the supervisor, 22 is the cleaning pipe, 23 is the water outlet of the clean water tank, and 24 is the injection of the clean water tank. Shuikou, 25 is a stirring drive motor.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明的核心之一是提供一种果园施药机械，以便能够对果树树冠进行均匀施药，保证果树的除病虫害需求，同时避免药液漂移以便避免对施药人员身体造成危害。One of the cores of the present invention is to provide an orchard pesticide application machine, so as to uniformly apply pesticides to the crowns of fruit trees, to ensure the requirements of eliminating diseases and insect pests of fruit trees, and to avoid drifting of the pesticide solution so as to avoid harm to the body of the pesticide applicators.
本发明的另一核心还在于提供一种采用上述果园施药机械进行施药的施药方法。Another core of the present invention is to provide a pesticide application method using the above-mentioned orchard pesticide application machine.
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
请同时参考图1至图4，本实施例中所提供的果园农药机械，包括动力总成、车架12以及设置在车架12上的药液混匀箱13，并且车架12的前端或者后端还设置有与药液混匀箱13通过药液泵8相连的仿形喷头，仿形喷头具体包括：支撑架9、药液喷射管以及施药风扇，请参考图1，支撑架9上包括竖直设置的纵向支撑杆7，为了能够对果树的顶部进行施药，因此纵向支撑杆7的高度应当不低于果树的高度，药液喷射管的流量大小可调，以便根据果树树龄的不同相应调整施药量，药液喷射管通过一个总管与药液泵8相连，总管分支形成对果树树冠上部施药的顶部药液喷射管、用于对果树树冠的中部施药的中部药液喷射管，以及用于对果树树冠的底部施药的底部药液喷射管4，相应的，为了能够将药液喷射管所喷出的药液送至果树树冠的外层和内层，本实施例中还设置了风量大小可调的施药风扇，施药风扇设置在纵向支撑杆7上，并且包括吹送顶部药液喷射管所喷出的药液的顶部施药风扇、吹送中部药液喷射管所喷出的药液的中部施药风扇，以及吹送底部药液喷射管4所喷出的药液的底部施药风扇2。Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 at the same time, the orchard pesticide machine provided in the present embodiment, comprises power assembly, vehicle frame 12 and the liquid medicine mixing box 13 that is arranged on the vehicle frame 12, and the front end of vehicle frame 12 or The rear end is also provided with a profiling nozzle connected to the liquid medicine mixing box 13 through a liquid medicine pump 8. The profiling nozzle specifically includes: a support frame 9, a liquid medicine injection pipe and a spraying fan. Please refer to FIG. 1, the support frame 9 Include vertically arranged vertical support bar 7, in order to be able to apply medicine to the top of the fruit tree, so the height of the longitudinal support bar 7 should not be lower than the height of the fruit tree, the flow size of the liquid spray pipe is adjustable, so that according to the age of the fruit tree The difference correspondingly adjusts the spraying amount, and the medicinal liquid injection pipe links to each other with the medicinal liquid pump 8 through a main pipe, and the branch of the main pipe forms a top medicinal liquid ejection pipe for spraying medicine on the top of the fruit tree canopy, and a middle medicine spray pipe for the middle part of the fruit tree canopy. Liquid injection pipe, and the bottom medicinal liquid ejection pipe 4 that is used for spraying medicine to the bottom of fruit tree canopy, correspondingly, in order to be able to send the medicinal liquid sprayed by medicinal liquid ejection pipe to the outer layer and the inner layer of fruit tree canopy, this In the embodiment, a dispensing fan with adjustable air volume is also provided, and the dispensing fan is arranged on the longitudinal support rod 7, and includes a top dispensing fan blowing the medicinal liquid ejected from the top medicinal liquid injection pipe, a central medicinal liquid blowing fan The central spraying fan for the liquid medicine sprayed by the injection pipe, and the bottom spraying fan 2 for blowing the liquid medicine sprayed by the bottom liquid spray pipe 4 .
药液喷射管和施药风扇分别对应果树树冠的上部、中部和下部，因此仿形喷头实现了对果树树冠的仿形对应，在施药过程中，无需上下移动仿形喷头就可以完成对整个果树的施药，在动力总成的带动下，果园施药机械可以进行前后移动，这可以一次实现与施药机械行进方向平行的整行果树的施药，大大提高了施药效率；另外，流量大小以及风扇的风量大小均可以调节，因此可以根据施药时果树的药液需求量以及果树相应位置的风阻来对仿形喷头进行调整，从而达到均匀施药并避免药液漂移的目的。The liquid injection pipe and the spraying fan correspond to the upper, middle and lower parts of the fruit tree crown respectively, so the profiling nozzle realizes the profiling corresponding to the fruit tree crown. For the spraying of fruit trees, driven by the powertrain, the orchard spraying machinery can move back and forth, which can realize the spraying of the entire row of fruit trees parallel to the direction of the spraying machine at one time, greatly improving the spraying efficiency; in addition, The flow rate and the air volume of the fan can be adjusted, so the profiling nozzle can be adjusted according to the liquid demand of the fruit tree and the wind resistance of the corresponding position of the fruit tree during spraying, so as to achieve the purpose of uniform spraying and avoid liquid drift.
不难理解的是，各个施药风扇可以直接安装在纵向支撑杆7上，也可通过中间过渡部件间接安装在纵向支撑杆7上，在本实施例中，顶部施药风扇通过顶部支架安装在纵向支撑杆7上，中部施药风扇通过中部支架安装在纵向支撑杆7上，底部施药风扇2通过底部支架安装在纵向支撑杆7上。It is not difficult to understand that each spraying fan can be directly installed on the longitudinal support bar 7, and can also be indirectly installed on the longitudinal support bar 7 through an intermediate transition part. In this embodiment, the top spraying fan is installed on the vertical support bar 7 through the top bracket On the longitudinal support bar 7, the central spraying fan is installed on the longitudinal support bar 7 through the middle support, and the bottom spraying fan 2 is installed on the longitudinal support bar 7 through the bottom support.
为了保证顶部风扇和底部风扇能够对正树冠的底部和上部，本实施例中的顶部支架包括顶部横梁和顶部倾斜梁，顶部横梁与纵向支撑杆7垂直安装，顶部倾斜梁与顶部横梁呈钝角设置，并且顶部倾斜梁朝下倾斜(相对于顶部横梁而言)，顶部施药风扇安装在顶部倾斜梁端部；中部支架为与纵向支撑杆7垂直的中部横梁，由于中部风扇只要与中部横梁直接安装就可对正果树的中部，因此无需设置倾斜梁，中部施药风扇安装在中部横梁的端部；底部支架安装在纵向支撑杆7上，底部支架包括与纵向支撑杆7垂直的底部横梁6，和与底部横梁6呈钝角并朝上倾斜(相对于底部横梁6而言)的底部倾斜梁，底部施药风扇2安装在底部倾斜梁的端部，如图1中所示。In order to ensure that the top fan and the bottom fan can align the bottom and the top of the canopy, the top bracket in this embodiment includes a top beam and a top inclined beam, the top beam and the longitudinal support bar 7 are vertically installed, and the top inclined beam and the top beam are arranged at an obtuse angle , and the top inclined beam is inclined downward (relative to the top beam), and the top spraying fan is installed at the end of the top inclined beam; The middle part of the fruit tree can be aligned after installation, so there is no need to set an inclined beam, and the central spraying fan is installed on the end of the middle cross beam; the bottom bracket is installed on the longitudinal support bar 7, and the bottom support includes a bottom cross beam 6 perpendicular to the longitudinal support bar 7 , and an obtuse angle with the bottom beam 6 and an upwardly inclined bottom beam (relative to the bottom beam 6), the bottom spraying fan 2 is installed at the end of the bottom beam, as shown in Figure 1.
为了进一步优化上述实施例中的技术方案，本实施例中的顶部倾斜梁可转动地连接在顶部横梁上，并且顶部倾斜梁与顶部横梁之间还设置了用于调节顶部倾斜梁角度的顶部角度调节装置，中部施药风扇也可转动地安装在中部横梁上，中部横梁上还设置有调节中部施药风扇角度的中部角度调节装置11；底部倾斜梁可转动地连接在底部横梁6上，并且底部倾斜梁与底部横梁6之间还设置有用于调节底部倾斜梁倾斜角度的底部角度调节装置3。In order to further optimize the technical solutions in the above embodiments, the top inclined beam in this embodiment is rotatably connected to the top cross beam, and a top angle for adjusting the angle of the top inclined beam is also set between the top inclined beam and the top cross beam Adjusting device, the middle part spraying fan is also rotatably installed on the middle beam, and the middle beam is also provided with a middle angle adjusting device 11 for adjusting the angle of the middle spraying fan; the bottom inclined beam is rotatably connected to the bottom beam 6, and A bottom angle adjustment device 3 for adjusting the inclination angle of the bottom inclined beam is also arranged between the bottom inclined beam and the bottom cross beam 6 .
如图1和图2中所示，各个位置加装角度调节装置后，可以实现风扇角度的调节，这可以使各个施药风扇准确的对准果树树冠相应的位置。本领域技术人员容易想到，角度调节装置的实现方式可以有多种，以顶部倾斜梁与顶部横梁为例，两者可以在连接关节位置设置驱动电机，通过驱动电机带动顶部倾斜梁沿顶部横梁旋转，从而实现顶部倾斜梁倾斜角度的调节，或者在顶部倾斜梁和顶部横梁之间设置伸缩杆，伸缩杆的两端分别与顶部倾斜梁和顶部横梁铰接。考虑到设计和生产上的便利性，本实施例中的顶部角度调节装置、中部角度调节装置11以及底部角度调节装置3均被设计为伸缩杆，伸缩杆可以为电动、气动或者液压伸缩杆。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, after the angle adjustment device is installed at each position, the adjustment of the fan angle can be realized, which can make each spraying fan accurately align with the corresponding position of the crown of the fruit tree. Those skilled in the art can easily imagine that there are many ways to realize the angle adjustment device. Taking the top inclined beam and the top cross beam as an example, the two can be provided with a driving motor at the joint position, and the top inclined beam can be driven to rotate along the top cross beam through the driving motor. , so as to realize the adjustment of the inclination angle of the top inclined beam, or a telescopic rod is arranged between the top inclined beam and the top cross beam, and the two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively hinged with the top inclined beam and the top cross beam. Considering the convenience of design and production, the top angle adjustment device, the middle angle adjustment device 11 and the bottom angle adjustment device 3 in this embodiment are all designed as telescopic rods, and the telescopic rods can be electric, pneumatic or hydraulic telescopic rods.
在本实施例中，顶部倾斜梁与顶部横梁之间还设置有防止顶部倾斜梁过度旋转的顶部限位装置；中部横梁上还设置有防止中部施药风扇过度旋转的中部限位装置10，底部倾斜梁与底部横梁6之间还设置有防止底部倾斜梁过度旋转的底部限位装置5，如图1和图2中所示。各个位置的限位装置可以有效避免角度调节装置出现故障时旋转部件产生过度旋转，从而保证整个装置的稳定性。In this embodiment, a top limiting device to prevent the excessive rotation of the top inclined beam is also provided between the top inclined beam and the top cross beam; A bottom limiting device 5 is also provided between the inclined beam and the bottom cross beam 6 to prevent the bottom inclined beam from over-rotating, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 . The limit devices at each position can effectively prevent the rotating parts from excessive rotation when the angle adjustment device fails, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire device.
限位装置的实现方式当然也不受限制，可以为带限位结构的伸缩杆、限位铰链或者限位板等，本实施例中推荐采用的限位装置为限位链，限位链在顶部支架和底部支架上的安装方式相同，其一端连接在顶部(或底部)横梁上，另一端连接在顶部(或底部)倾斜梁上，限位链在中部支架上的安装方式如图2中所示，其一端与中部横梁相连，另一端与中部施药风扇相连。Of course, the implementation of the limiting device is not limited. It can be a telescopic rod with a limiting structure, a limiting hinge or a limiting plate. The limiting device recommended in this embodiment is a limiting chain. The installation method on the top bracket and the bottom bracket is the same, one end is connected to the top (or bottom) beam, and the other end is connected to the top (or bottom) inclined beam. The installation method of the limit chain on the middle bracket is shown in Figure 2 As shown, one end is connected with the middle crossbeam, and the other end is connected with the middle part spraying fan.
请参考图1，本实施例中，顶部药液喷射管固定在顶部支架上，中部药液喷射管固定在中部支架上，底部药液喷射管4固定设置在底部支架上，并且顶部支架、中部支架以及底部支架在纵向支撑杆7的高度方向上的位置均可调。顶部支架、中部支架以及底部支架在纵向支撑杆7的高度方向上的位置均可调可以进一步保证各个药液喷射管以及施药风扇与果树树冠相应位置对正，各个支架可通过多种方式与纵向支撑杆7配合实现位置的可调，例如，沿纵向支撑杆7的高度方向上开设多个安装孔，与不同高度的安装孔连接将使各个支架位于不同的高度位置，或者将纵向支撑杆7设计为带有竖直凹槽的支撑杆，各个支架在凹槽内上下滑动，并且各个支架上均设置有顶紧螺丝，当支架(包括顶部支架、中部支架以及底部支架)的位置调整合适后，通过顶紧螺丝顶紧即可。Please refer to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the top liquid medicine injection pipe is fixed on the top support, the middle medicine liquid spray pipe is fixed on the middle support, the bottom medicine liquid spray pipe 4 is fixedly arranged on the bottom support, and the top support, the middle part The positions of the bracket and the bottom bracket in the height direction of the longitudinal support bar 7 are all adjustable. The positions of the top bracket, the middle bracket and the bottom bracket in the height direction of the longitudinal support bar 7 can be adjusted to further ensure that each liquid spray pipe and the spraying fan are aligned with the corresponding positions of the fruit tree crown, and each bracket can be aligned with the corresponding position of the crown of the fruit tree. The longitudinal support bar 7 cooperates to realize the adjustable position, for example, offers a plurality of mounting holes along the height direction of the longitudinal support bar 7, and being connected with the mounting holes of different heights will make each support be positioned at different height positions, or the longitudinal support bar 7. It is designed as a support rod with a vertical groove. Each bracket slides up and down in the groove, and each bracket is equipped with a tightening screw. When the position of the bracket (including the top bracket, middle bracket and bottom bracket) is adjusted properly Finally, it can be tightened by tightening the screw.
请参考图1，为了进一步提高施药效率，本发明实施例中所公开的支撑架9上设置有两根纵向支撑杆7，以便于对相邻两行果树进行同时施药，两根纵向支撑杆7上对称设置有顶部药液喷射管、中部药液喷射管以及底部药液喷射管4，和顶部施药风扇、中部施药风扇以及底部施药风扇2。也就是说，两个纵向支撑杆7上所设置的部件相同，并且对称布置，以便实现施药机械一次行走对相邻两行果树施药的目的。Please refer to Fig. 1, in order to further improve the efficiency of pesticide application, two longitudinal support rods 7 are arranged on the bracing frame 9 disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, so that two adjacent rows of fruit trees are applied simultaneously, and the two vertical support rods The rod 7 is symmetrically provided with a top liquid medicine spray pipe, a middle medicine liquid spray pipe and a bottom medicine liquid spray pipe 4, and a top medicine application fan, a middle medicine spray fan and a bottom medicine spray fan 2. That is to say, the components arranged on the two longitudinal support rods 7 are the same and arranged symmetrically, so as to achieve the purpose of spraying pesticides on two adjacent rows of fruit trees in one trip of the pesticide application machine.
如图3和图4中所示，药液混匀箱13设置在车架12的中部，并且药液混匀箱13的右侧还设置有农药瓶安放区16和净水箱安放区15，与药液混匀箱13内部相通的主管21分支形成用于与农药瓶连通的取药管，和用于与净水箱连通的清洗管22，且取药管和所述清洗管22上均设置有管路开关阀，在图4中，设置在取药管上的管路开关阀称为药阀19，设置在清洗管22上的管路开关称为净水阀20。As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the liquid medicine mixing box 13 is arranged on the middle part of the vehicle frame 12, and the right side of the liquid medicine mixing box 13 is also provided with a pesticide bottle placement area 16 and a clean water tank placement area 15, The branch of the main pipe 21 communicated with the inside of the liquid medicine mixing box 13 forms a drug-taking pipe for communicating with the pesticide bottle, and a cleaning pipe 22 for communicating with the clean water tank, and the medicine-taking pipe and the cleaning pipe 22 are all A pipeline switch valve is provided. In FIG. 4 , the pipeline switch valve arranged on the medicine taking pipe is called medicine valve 19 , and the pipeline switch arranged on the cleaning pipe 22 is called water purification valve 20 .
果园施药机械的行进方向为前方，当人面向前方站立时，右手边所在的一侧为右侧，由于一般司机均具有从右侧经后侧至左侧重新上车的巡视习惯，因此将农药瓶安放区16和净水箱安放区15设置在右侧符合驾驶员的巡视习惯，方便驾驶员的巡视。The direction of travel of the orchard pesticide application machine is the front. When a person stands facing the front, the side where the right-hand side is located is the right side. Since the general driver has the habit of re-boarding the car from the right side through the back side to the left side, it will The pesticide bottle placement area 16 and the clean water tank placement area 15 are arranged on the right side to meet the driver's inspection habit, which is convenient for the driver's inspection.
每次施药前，需先在药液混匀箱13内灌入清水，农药瓶安放区16内放置相应农药瓶，净水箱安放区15放置净水箱，然后根据施药时果树的树龄通过变量泵从农药瓶中抽取相应的农药，由混匀药液搅拌装置14对药液混匀箱13内的液体进行搅拌混匀，然后通过药液泵8将药液混匀箱13内的药液送至各个药液喷射管喷射；而完成施药后，药阀19关闭，净水阀20开启，净水箱内的净水被抽送进入到药液混匀箱13内，通过药液搅拌装置14的搅拌实现药液混匀箱13的清洗，以避免农药残留对下次施药造成影响。Before spraying at every turn, need pour into clear water in liquid medicine mixing box 13 earlier, place corresponding pesticide bottle in pesticide bottle placement area 16, clean water tank placement area 15 places clean water tank, then according to the tree age of fruit tree when spraying medicine The corresponding pesticide is extracted from the pesticide bottle by the variable pump, and the liquid in the liquid medicine mixing box 13 is stirred and mixed by the liquid medicine mixing device 14, and then the liquid in the medicine liquid mixing box 13 is mixed by the medicine liquid pump 8. The medicinal liquid is sent to each medicinal liquid injection pipe for spraying; and after the application of the medicinal drug is completed, the medicinal valve 19 is closed, the water purification valve 20 is opened, and the purified water in the clean water tank is pumped into the medicinal liquid mixing tank 13, and the medicinal liquid is passed through The stirring of the stirring device 14 realizes the cleaning of the liquid medicine mixing box 13, so as to avoid the influence of pesticide residues on the next spraying.
除此之外，本发明实施例中还公开了一种施药方法，该施药方法利用上述任意一实施例中所公开的果园施药机械，并根据施药时果树树冠的顶部、中部和底部的药液需求量调整顶部药液喷射管、中部药液喷射管以及底部药液喷射管4的流量大小，根据施药时果树树冠的顶部、中部以及底部的风阻大小调整顶部施药风扇、中部施药风扇以及底部施药风扇2的风量大小。In addition, the embodiments of the present invention also disclose a pesticide application method, which utilizes the orchard pesticide application machinery disclosed in any one of the above embodiments, and according to the top, middle and The liquid demand at the bottom adjusts the flow size of the top liquid spray pipe, the middle liquid spray pipe and the bottom liquid spray pipe 4, and adjusts the top spray fan, The air volume of the central spraying fan and the bottom spraying fan 2.
需要进行说明的是，目前的果树生长参数数据库中已经对各种果树各个物候期树冠高度、树冠层阻力做出了详细的统计，施药人员可以查阅果树生长参数数据库对各个药液喷射管以及各个施药风扇进行调整；当然，为了取得更为准确的数据，本领域技术人员也可在施药前抽样选取一些果树进行实际测量，对树冠高度、树冠上部、中部和底部的风阻进行测量后再对各个药液喷射管以及各个施药风扇进行调整。What needs to be explained is that the current fruit tree growth parameter database has made detailed statistics on the canopy height and canopy resistance of various fruit trees in each phenological period. Each spraying fan is adjusted; of course, in order to obtain more accurate data, those skilled in the art can also select some fruit trees for actual measurement before spraying. Then adjust each liquid spray pipe and each spraying fan.
由于该施药方法采用了上述施药机械，并且根据施药时果树树冠的顶部、中部和底部的药液需求量调整顶部药液喷射管、中部药液喷射管以及底部药液喷射管4的流量大小；根据施药时果树树冠的顶部、中部和底部的风阻大小调整顶部施药风扇、中部施药风扇以及底部施药风扇2的风量大小，这可时施药量以及风扇风力与施药时果树的药液需求量和风阻相匹配，从而有效保证施药的均匀性，避免药液漂移。Because this spraying method has adopted above-mentioned spraying machine, and according to the liquid demand of the top, the middle part and the bottom of fruit tree canopy during spraying, adjust the top liquid injection pipe, the middle part liquid spray pipe and the bottom liquid spray pipe 4. Flow size; according to the wind resistance of the top, middle and bottom of the fruit tree canopy during spraying, adjust the air volume of the top spraying fan, the middle spraying fan and the bottom spraying fan 2, which can be used for spraying and fan wind and spraying When the demand of the fruit tree is matched with the wind resistance, the uniformity of the application can be effectively guaranteed and the drift of the liquid can be avoided.
以上对本发明中的果园施药机械及施药方法进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。The orchard pesticide application machine and pesticide application method among the present invention have been introduced in detail above. In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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